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D-STATCOM control for distribution grids with distributed sources based on MMC structure using FCS-MPC algorithm

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp425-437
Pham Viet Phuong , Le Hoai Nam , Pham Chi Hieu , Tran Hung Cuong
This paper proposes a D-STATCOM structure based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with the use of FCS-MPC control method for the purpose of compensating reactive power and stabilizing voltage in the distribution grid. The D-STATCOM is effectively used in cases involving non-sinusoidal and unstable voltages, which often occur in the distribution grid due to the effects of unbalanced nonlinear loads and power injection from renewable energy systems. The proposed structure also has the capability of reactive power compensating flexibility in fault conditions to stabilize the grid voltage. In this paper, a new control strategy, which is based on the combination of an outer PI controller and an inner FCS-MPC controller, was introduced. The outer PI controller is used to reduce static deviations in control values and to provide a reference value for the FCS-MPC controller. The inner FCS-MPC controller calculates the optimal switching state for the purpose of reducing the switching frequency of the MMC. The implementation process begins with the construction of a mathematical model and a control model. Simulations were carried out by MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the responsiveness of the control algorithm and the performance of D-STATCOM under the conditions of non-sinusoidal and unstable voltages.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 425-437
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Ferrite-based magnetic shielding for efficiency enhancement in resonant inductive wireless power transfer systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp572-581
Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin , Rahimi Baharom
This paper presents a detailed simulation-based investigation of ferrite-based magnetic shielding to enhance the efficiency and electromagnetic performance of resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIPT) systems, with a particular emphasis on electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging applications. Two system configurations, a baseline coil-only system and a ferrite-shielded system, were modelled and simulated using CST Studio Suite 3D electromagnetic simulation software under identical geometric and electrical conditions to ensure a fair comparative evaluation. Key performance metrics, including power transfer efficiency (PTE), H-field distribution, and magnetic flux confinement, were analyzed to quantify the shielding impact. The ferrite-shielded configuration achieved a PTE improvement from 98.29% to 99.01%, demonstrating stronger flux concentration, reduced leakage, and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI) exposure. Additional analyses highlight the trade-offs in ferrite integration, including potential core loss, material cost, and thermal drift, while also discussing the system’s robustness against coil misalignment and its alignment with SAE J2954 and IEC 61980 standards for EV charging. The study is limited to a simulation-based approach without experimental validation; however, the findings establish a solid foundation for future hardware prototyping and hybrid shielding exploration, integrating ferrite and composite or metamaterial-based structures. Overall, this work contributes to the development of efficient, EMI-compliant, and thermally stable WPT systems suitable for next-generation EV charging infrastructures.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 572-581
Publish at: 2026-03-01

A novel approach to flexible BTMS for 2-wheeler electric vehicle to avoid fire accidents-an Indian perspective

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp49-57
Mahmooda Mubeen , Gangishetti Srinivas
The Indian electric vehicles market share has significantly increased due to various government initiatives, increased fuel prices, and charging infrastructure. On the contrary, fire accidents of EV’s in India are no rarer due to inappropriate BTMS and its inability to work with different environmental conditions prevailing in India, so it has become one of the major concerns. Two-wheelers, being one of the most used modes of transport, are dominating the Indian roads; it well deserves an innovative BTMS that suits local environmental conditions for preventing thermal runaways and maintaining better performance of the battery. As we get to see diverse environmental conditions at different parts of India, it will be good if we can develop flexible BTMS. Major challenges being faced in the development of suitable BTMS are space and cost constraints. This paper focuses on the development of BTMS for electric two-wheelers, suitable for various environmental conditions, which fits in the available space with low additional cost. It also provides flexibility to drop or add some of the features based on one’s operational requirements or environmental conditions prevailing at the place of operation, which can be as easy as one can drop or choosing to have fog lamps, speakers, camera, and sunroof depending upon their requirement and budget.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 49-57
Publish at: 2026-03-01

A three isolated port DC/DC converter for an energy storage system for renewable energy applications

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp533-552
Faruk Ahmeti , Dimitar Arnaudov , Sabrije Osmanaj
The use of renewable energy sources like solar photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells is gaining popularity due to growing environmental awareness, technological advancements, and declining production costs. Power electronic converters are usually used to convert the power from renewable sources to match the load demand and grid requirements. Among these, DC–DC converters are essential for improving system functionality and power density, especially in low-voltage renewable systems that require high voltage gain. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of five advanced DC-DC converter topologies: multi-port DC, boost multiport interleaved step-up, isolated bidirectional, voltage/current fed, and general resonant focusing on their structural complexity, component count, and potential application scenarios. In addition, a novel high-gain three-port resonant A DC-DC converter is proposed, incorporating galvanic isolation via a three-winding high-frequency transformer. The converter adopts a half-bridge resonant inverter and rectifier-based load port, resulting in a compact and cost-effective solution. A detailed analysis of the converter's operation, design considerations, and control strategy is conducted using PLECS simulation. Furthermore, an experimental setup is developed to validate the converter’s practical feasibility. The setup schematic and comprehensive comparative tables are included to support the evaluation and highlight the proposed design’s capabilities.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 533-552
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Modeling and optimization of angular misalignment effects in resonant inductive wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp394-404
Samshul Munir Muhamad , Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin , Rahimi Baharom
This paper presents an enhanced electromagnetic modeling and optimization study on the effects of angular misalignment in resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIWPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. A detailed 3D model of a double-layer circular coil was developed in CST Studio Suite to investigate coupling degradation, energy loss, and efficiency behavior under angular deviations ranging from 0° to 25°, at a fixed air gap of 30 mm. Performance metrics including mutual inductance, magnetic field distribution, power transfer efficiency (PTE), and loss characteristics were analyzed to establish quantitative misalignment correlations. Results indicate a steady reduction in PTE from 99.979% at 0° to 88.441% at 25°, accompanied by corresponding increases in field asymmetry and energy dissipation. To mitigate these losses, an impedance-tuning strategy was applied by jointly optimizing transmitter-side series and parallel compensation capacitors, which improved PTE at 5° misalignment from 98.777% to 99.801%, restoring near-resonant operation. Additional analyses evaluated thermal impact, material robustness, and dynamic misalignment effects, providing a more holistic understanding of real-world charging scenarios. The study further discusses real-time tuning feasibility using embedded controllers and aligns performance with SAE J2954 and IEC standards for EV wireless charging. The findings establish validated design guidelines and adaptive tuning frameworks for achieving high-efficiency, misalignment-tolerant RIWPT systems, contributing toward robust and energy-efficient EV charging infrastructure.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 394-404
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Implementation of finite control set-predictive torque control based on the dSpace DS1104 controller

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp155-167
Rozana Alik , Nik Rumzi Nik Idris , Norjulia Mohamad Nordin , Tole Sutikno
Finite control set-predictive torque control (FCS-PTC) has emerged as a popular control method for induction motors (IMs) over the past decade. This paper provides a detailed hardware implementation of FCS-PTC with a constant weighting factor (WF) on 186 W of IM. The FCS-PTC is implemented using the DS1104 controller board programmed using C code. A comprehensive analysis of flux, torque, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current is conducted and presented to establish a relationship between the WF and drive performance. The experimental results indicate that a higher WF results in improved performance in flux and THD current, but a poorer torque response. Conversely, a lower WF improves torque performance but sacrifices the flux and THD current. The analysis outcome will hopefully provide some guidelines for developing the WF selection techniques.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 155-167
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Performance evaluation of dynamic voltage restorer using bidirectional impedance converter with UCAP

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp465-475
A. Anitha , K. C. R. Nisha
With the involvement of renewable energy sources, plug-in hybrid automobiles, and fault occurrence, power quality has degraded nowadays. The most effective device utilized in distribution systems to enhance power quality is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). For deep sags, DVR with storage topology is more beneficial, although it has challenges with converter and storage element rating. To address this, various converters and energy storage elements like ultracapacitors are reviewed. In this paper, a DVR with an ultra-capacitor (UCAP) using an impedance bidirectional converter is simulated, and power quality indices are compared with VSI-BDC. The simulation result reflects the enhanced capability of the suggested DVR in a wide range of operations, improved power quality indices, and its effectiveness in swell conditions. The control of DC link voltage with PI and model predictive control (MPC) were simulated and compared.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 465-475
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Grid-tied photovoltaic system MPPT algorithms performance: comparative analysis

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp317-334
Louis Nicase Nguefack , Kayode Timothy Akindeji , Abayomi A. Adebiyi
Between 2015 and 2024, global solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity rose significantly from 223.204 GW to 1624 GW, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil-fuel-based power generation. Solar PV is recognized for its environmental benefits and is increasingly seen as a viable alternative for a long-term sustainable energy supply. However, the power output of PV systems is highly dependent on atmospheric conditions, particularly solar irradiation and temperature, which can cause fluctuations and reduce overall efficiency. To address this, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are employed to optimize energy extraction under varying environmental conditions. This study presents a comparative analysis of four MPPT algorithms, perturb-and-observe (P&O), incremental conductance (InC), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and artificial neural network (ANN) for grid-tied PV systems using MATLAB/Simulink. Each algorithm was evaluated under dynamic conditions to determine its tracking efficiency and responsiveness. The results show that while conventional methods like P&O and InC are simpler, they are less effective under rapidly changing conditions. FLC demonstrates faster convergence but requires greater computational resources. The intelligent controllers demonstrated superior performance: FLC achieved the highest power output of 1.019×10⁶ W with a corresponding voltage of 1.422×10⁴ V, while the ANN algorithm followed closely with 9.650×10⁵ W and 1.200×10⁴ V, respectively. The comparative insights gained from this analysis offer practical guidance for selecting MPPT controllers in real-world solar energy applications.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 317-334
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Performance of high-speed train traction motor system in acceleration – cruise mode: theoretical analysis

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp238-249
Tri Widodo , Syamsul Kamar , Hilda Luthfiyah , Eko Syamsuddin Hasrito , Sofwan Hidayat , Meiyanne Lestari , Heru Basuki
This research is based on the development of a 480-kW traction motor for high-speed train (HST) applications. The performance of the traction motor system will be reviewed theoretically with the focus of the research on operational modes, namely acceleration mode and cruise mode. Motor performance will be reviewed more in-depth related to the development of mathematical models for torque function of time, power function of time and efficiency function of speed. The data used in this study are real data of 480 kW traction motor specifications and synthetic data of HST operations. The results of the traction motor performance analysis show that in the operational conditions of acceleration mode, the traction motor requires power and torque at the beginning reaching 4,838.13 Nm to overcome inertia, friction, aerodynamic force and increase speed. In cruise mode, the speed tends to be stable, so the power and torque decrease to 1,133.24 Nm. The results of the traction motor performance theoretically show that the traction motor can work well for variations in speed and track profile.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 238-249
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Enhanced adaptive reconfiguration for optimizing power generation and switching efficiency in PV arrays under PSC

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp777-785
D. Manimegalai , Kandadai Nagaratnam Srinivas , Gayathri Monicka Subarnan
Photovoltaic (PV) arrays suffer significant power losses under partial shading conditions (PSC), which can degrade system performance. This paper proposes a novel weighted objective function that balances power output maximization with switching action minimization during dynamic PV array reconfiguration. An enhanced firebug swarm optimization (FSO) algorithm is employed to optimize this function efficiently. Simulation results under five shading patterns demonstrate approximately 6% improvement in power output over conventional methods, while also reducing the number of switch operations. The proposed approach enhances energy yield and extends device lifespan, offering a robust solution for real-time PV optimization under PSC.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 777-785
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Modelling enhancement-mode GaN HEMTs with graded AlGaN barrier, graphene passivation, and dual field plates via TCAD

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp1-10
Mohiminur Rahman Ifty , Abdullah Al Fahad , Arnab Talukder , Satyazit Ghosh , Piash Sharma , Md. Sadik Al Rayhan
An enhancement-mode aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)/gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT is presented in which graphene-capped SiN passivation, a recessed composite p-GaN gate, dual discrete field plates, and a compositionally graded AlGaN barrier (35%→18% Al) are co-engineered in a single device. The novelty lies in integrating these four techniques within one enhancement-mode architecture to simultaneously suppress surface trapping and reduce gate leakage, strengthen electrostatic gate control, and redistribute the electric field for higher breakdown and more uniform field profiles. TCAD results indicate a threshold voltage (Vth) of +2.6 V, transconductance (gm) of 335 mS/mm, and breakdown voltage (Vbr) around 1 kV. The radio-frequency (RF) analysis shows a cut-off frequency (fT) of ~42.57 GHz, with favorable gate capacitance characteristics. These outcomes show that co-optimization delivers normally-off operation with improved breakdown and RF speed relative to using the techniques separately, supporting suitability for high-power, high-frequency applications.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 1-10
Publish at: 2026-03-01

An innovative winding configuration to enhance 3-phase induction motor performance

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp82-94
Zuriman Anthony , Refdinal Nazir , Muhammad Imran Hamid
A three-phase induction motor is extensively employed in the industrial sector due to its robustness and cost-effectiveness. An enhancement of this motor is underway to optimize its performance. Enhancing motor performance is intricately linked to escalating motor production expenses. Consequently, an innovative strategy is essential to enhance motor performance without incurring substantial extra expenses. This study aimed to introduce a novel approach for designing 3-phase induction motor coils to enhance motor performance without significant additional expenses. This study concentrated on the design of a 3-phase induction motor coil, rated at 1 HP, 380 V, 2 A, 4 poles, and 24 slots, and arranged in a Y-connection. We fabricated the coil using a dual-layer approach, creating magnetic pole pairs on each layer. The study's results demonstrated an improvement in output power, efficiency, load torque, and rotor speed of the new motor design, specifically by 19.32%, 16.26%, 18.48%, and 0.72%, respectively. Despite a 3.05% rise in motor coil current during peak load conditions, the motor's overall performance significantly improves, enhancing its capabilities without considerable additional expenses. This study claims that the suggested way can make other 3-phase induction motors work better without costing a lot more.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 82-94
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Optimal speed control of SRM with integration of switching variable proportional desaturation fuzzy logic regulator for EV application

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp58-68
Kadali Ravi Kumar , Narender Jatoth , Shaik Mohammed Mukassir
SRMs are recognized for their high efficiency, strong torque output, and capability to operate at high speeds, making them well-suited for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Their high initial torque effectively overcomes the vehicle's inertia during the drive mode, enhancing overall performance. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) come in various structural configurations such as 8/6, 6/4, and 4/2, offering flexible options for different vehicle requirements. Speed control in SRMs is typically managed through current regulation, which is handled by a current controller. Traditionally, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to generate the required reference current. However, the PI regulator is prone to high damping and sensitivity to disturbances, leading to increased speed overshoot during startup and longer settling times. To address these limitations, a switched variable proportional desaturation PI (SVPDPI) controller is employed. Nevertheless, due to its relatively slow response, the PI component in the SVPDPI is replaced with a fuzzy logic module to enhance controller performance. This results in a switched variable proportional desaturation fuzzy logic (SVPDFL) regulator, which significantly reduces initial speed overshoot and improves settling time toward the desired reference speed. This paper presents a comparative analysis of these controllers, with simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate performance improvements.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 58-68
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Development of numerical model-based photovoltaic emulator for half-cut cell PV panel with multiple peaks output characteristics curve emulation capability

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp343-358
Jordan S. Z. Lee , Jia Shun Koh , Rodney H. G. Tan , Nadia M. L. Tan , Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu
This study introduces a photovoltaic (PV) emulator focusing on a developed numerical model specifically for half-cut cell PV panels under partial shading conditions (PSCs), addressing a gap in research focused on full-cell models. The emulator uses a DC-DC buck converter and PI control to accurately replicate half-cut cell PV panel characteristics. A cost-effective hardware prototype validated the model's effectiveness in emulating multi-peak PV behavior under dynamic PSCs with up to three peaks and user-defined shading. This flexible and affordable platform enables efficient testing of MPPT algorithms and grid integration for PV systems using increasingly prevalent half-cut cell technology. Simulation results show high accuracy, with MAPE in power as low as 0.175% under uniform irradiance conditions and less than 0.302% under multi-peaks PSCs. Hardware validation confirms reliability with low MAPE in the power of 0.499% under uniform conditions and below 0.614% multi-peak PSCs, demonstrating the developed half-cut cell PV panel numerical model's accuracy in reproducing dynamic shading effects for renewable energy research.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 343-358
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Performance enhancement of photovoltaic systems using hybrid LSTM-CNN solar forecasting integrated with P&O MPPT

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp696-708
Sara Fennane , Houda Kacimi , Hamza Mabchour , Fatehi ALtalqi , Adil Echchelh
The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in smart grids highlights the need for reliable solutions to mitigate the inherent intermittency of solar energy. Short-term variability in solar irradiance remains a critical challenge for stable grid operation and efficient PV energy management. This paper proposes an integrated forecasting-control framework that combines short-term global horizontal irradiance (GHI) prediction with a conventional P&O MPPT strategy to enhance PV system performance. A hybrid LSTM-CNN architecture is developed to forecast one-step-ahead GHI under the semi-arid climatic conditions of Dakhla, Morocco, a region characterized by high solar potential and pronounced irradiance fluctuations. The forecasting model is validated using measured irradiance data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) via the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Predicted irradiance is then used to improve PV power estimation and support predictive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves accurate GHI forecasting, faster MPPT convergence, reduced steady-state oscillations, and improved PV power stability under rapidly changing irradiance. The proposed approach provides a practical and computationally efficient solution for enhancing the dynamic response and energy extraction efficiency of PV systems in smart grid applications.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 696-708
Publish at: 2026-03-01
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