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29,905 Article Results

Spectrum sensing in single channel and multi-channel cognitive radio networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp812-817
Amira Osama Hashesh , Heba A.Tag El-Dien , Ahmad A.Aziz El-Banna , Adly Tag El-Din
Sensing the existence or absence of primary user is the major chore of cognitive radio networks. Nevertheless, Spectrum sensing is the core process of cognitive radio and with target to find idle channels.Various detection techniques exist, however, energy detection is considered as the most used detector because of its lower computational cost. In this paper, we proposed a study of throughput for a cognitive radio system. We had two scenarios, in the first scenario; a study of throughput against probability of false alarm was done; where, only one channel is sensed, to maximize the individual channel throughput. In the second scenario, multi-channel is sensed to maximize the overall system capacity. In addition, different number of channels is considered with different sensing times and at different throughput costs.The performance of the network has been investigated in terms of maximum throughput for optimal number of CR channels.      
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 812-817
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Heuristic based model for groceries shopping navigator

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp932-940
Muhammad Wardi bin Peeyee , Shuzlina Abdul-Rahman , Nurzeatul Hamimah Abdul Hamid , Mohd Zaki Zakaria
This paper presents a heuristic based model for groceries shopping navigator that attempts to improve the navigation problem that usually face by customers while doing their shopping. A system known as Shopping Navigator or shortly SHoNa was developed to give the optimal sequence of shelves to be visited by the customer and the total estimated shopping time so that the user can plan their shopping task earlier. Genetic algorithm was employed and implemented in a web-based platform that is compatible with other devices such as smartphones and tablets. SHoNA can minimize the shopping time by identifying the most optimal order of shelves inside the supermarket that needs to be visited by the customer. A series of experimental was performed in producing the optimum model. Our findings showed that the combination of order one crossover and inverse mutation produced a better optimal performance, which is the minimum total amount of groceries shopping time.  SHoNA can be further enhanced with visualization features for a better shopping experience.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 932-940
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Brute force algorithm implementation for traveljoy travelling recommendation system

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp1042-1049
K.A.F.A. Samah , N. Sabri , R. Hamzah , R. Roslan , N.A. Mangshor , A.A.M. Asri
This paper presents the Brute Force algorithm implementation for TravelJoy Travelling Recommendation System.  Due to overwhelmed information in the internet, travelers faced difficulties in finding and comparing which places in Melaka that worth to visit. Melaka is a well-known place as one of the most popular tourist spots in Malaysia, famous with historical places. All the mentioned problems were time-consuming and required lots of efforts for manual comparison between places and planning the trip itinerary. An efficient application system is needed to assist travelers in planning their trip itinerary by providing details of interesting place in Melaka, budget estimating and recommendation of sequence places which to visit. The TravelJoy application applied Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) concept using Brute Force algorithm in determining the least time duration for the selected places and adapting Expected Time Arrival (ETA). It was found through Brute Force algorithm adaptation; the recommendation system is reliable based on the functional and reliability testing with t-test result of 0.00067, indicates the system is accepted.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1042-1049
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Development of MIMO antenna with decoupling structure for ultra-wideband application

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp818-826
Muhammad Aslam Hasin , M. T. Ali , Hamizan Yong , Bazilah Baharom , Hadi Jumaat
This paper presents the design of adouble-sided Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna with a decoupling structure for Ultra-WideBand (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna consists of four square radiating elements printed on FR-4 substrate with partial slotted ground. The substrate consists of two sides and each side are consisting of two slotted partial ground and two square radiator antennas. The elements of the front side are orthogonal to the elements of the back side because it was to increase the isolation of the antenna. The front and back sides of the substrate were also presented with the decoupling structure to avoid the mutual coupling of each antenna. The results of simulated and measured of the proposed UWB MIMO antenna are observed and analyzed. The objective of the UWB MIMO antenna was achieved that large bandwidth of return loss below than -10 dB from 3.3 GHz to 11GHz with an insertion loss lower than -20 dB within the required frequency band. The proposed MIMO antennas exhibits a nearly Omni-directional radiation pattern with average gain value 4.36 dBi.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 818-826
Publish at: 2019-11-01

A comparative study on dimensionality reduction between principal component analysis and k-means clustering

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp752-758
Norsyela Muhammad Noor Mathivanan , Nor Azura Md.Ghani , Roziah Mohd Janor
The curse of dimensionality and the empty space phenomenon emerged as a critical problem in text classification. One way of dealing with this problem is applying a feature selection technique before performing a classification model. This technique helps to reduce the time complexity and sometimes increase the classification accuracy. This study introduces a feature selection technique using K-Means clustering to overcome the weaknesses of traditional feature selection technique such as principal component analysis (PCA) that require a lot of time to transform all the inputs data. This proposed technique decides on features to retain based on the significance value of each feature in a cluster. This study found that k-means clustering helps to increase the efficiency of KNN model for a large data set while KNN model without feature selection technique is suitable for a small data set. A comparison between K-Means clustering and PCA as a feature selection technique shows that proposed technique is better than PCA especially in term of computation time. Hence, k-means clustering is found to be helpful in reducing the data dimensionality with less time complexity compared to PCA without affecting the accuracy of KNN model for a high frequency data.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 752-758
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Hybrid MVDR-LMS beamforming for Massive MIMO

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp715-723
Yasmine M. Tabra , Bayan Sabbar
With the high speed of communication in LTE-5G, fast beamforming techniques need to be adopted. The training time required to form and steer the main lobes toward 5G multiple users must be short. Least-Mean-Square (LMS) training time is not suitable to work with in LTE-5G, but it has a good performance in forming multiple beams to large number of users and producing nulls in the interference direction. In this paper, an optimized hybrid MVDR-LMS beamforming algorithm is proposed to reduce the time required to estimate the antenna’s weights. This optimization is made by the benefit of previously set weights calculated using MVDR algorithms. The performance of the proposed hybrid MVDR-LMS algorithm tested using MATLAB 2016a.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 715-723
Publish at: 2019-11-01

OpenGL 3D crowd evacuation simulation at universiti tun hussein onn malaysia (UTHM) hostel

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp1034-1041
Jamaludin, M.N , Mohamad, S. , Sunar, M.S. , Isa, K. , Hanifa, R.M. , Nasir, F.M. , Shah, S.M.
Crowd simulation is the process of simulating characterized agents or entities using computer application to analyse it in virtual scene or virtual environment. This paper investigates the best route path for agents to act in avoiding the fire hazards with different designated type of stairs in shop lots that were converted to hostel dormitory for students. 3D social force agent’s model and 3D fire hazards were designed in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ software and OpenGL library. A research was conducted using social force model behaviour and were taken by 10 and 15 agents to analyse the time taken to complete the evacuation process. The acceleration produced where it is related with route path taken by agents, interaction forces of agents and interaction forces of wall are the main research system to analyse agents’ behaviour during simulation. Different simulations have been used to determine the best and fastest route taken by agents. In summary, the lower the number of agents, the lower the time allocated by agents to complete the evacuation. Finally, less number of agents using the designated straight stairs gave a lower time to complete evacuation process and reached high level of security to avoid being exposed to fire hazards. 
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1034-1041
Publish at: 2019-11-01

An exploratory study of industry 4.0 in Malaysia: a case study of higher education institution in Malaysia

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp978-987
Mohd Arshad Mokhtar , Nurulhuda Noordin
Industry 4.0 is defining as a smart factory through the emerging technology of the virtual and physical world as a collective term of technologies and concepts of value chain organization. The lack of understanding about Industry 4.0 concepts in Malaysia, especially from Higher Education Institution perspective, becoming an issue in Malaysia. Furthermore, industries in Malaysia are still relying on external expertise to implement Industry 4.0 in their environment with the expectation of an increase in productivity, efficiency, quality and to move away from foreign workers. This research aims to describe the relationship between technologies within Industry 4.0, people and the environment from the perspective of the Higher Education Institution in Malaysia and identify the problem of applying Industry 4.0 at the Higher Education Institution. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants from an academic area and Industry 4.0 expert who has experience in both industry and academia. The Work System Framework is adopted in this research as a theoretical lens to extract the relevant information and deepen the understanding of applying Industry 4.0 at the Higher Education Institution in Malaysia. Results of this research reveal the problems faced by the Higher Education Institution in Malaysia towards applying Industry 4.0 in teaching and learning based on the relationship of people, technology and the environment. The results may contribute knowledge to the universities in preparation for future-ready graduates or talents as human capital for Industry 4.0 in Malaysia.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 978-987
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Visualization of job availability based on text analytics localization approach

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp744-751
Nur Azmina Mohamad Zamani , Norhaslinda Kamaruddin , Abdul Wahab , Nur Shahana Saat
Rate of employment is a strong indicator of economic stability of a country. It relates to the number of volumes of produced products and services. If the unemployment rate is high, the amount of gross domestic product (GDP) of a country may be declined. One of the main factors that contributes to low rate of employment is the mismatch between job seeker and the requirement of the job applied.  This is due to the limited analysis performed on the relevant information on job advertisement; such as, skills, responsibilities of the job, location and expectation of the employers. The obscure job descriptions provided in the advertisement may result in application of unsuitable candidates that can cause rejection of the candidate and the potential employer may take a long time to filter and evaluate the applications. A system that is able to provide relevant information in a simple and catchy way is needed to simplify the task of job searching. In this paper we proposed a text analytics technique to extract users’ comments from social media such as Twitter and Facebook on job advertisement. The result is then displayed in a geotagged map that can reveal the density of job availability based on geographical location. The job seekers can easily observe and select their desired job location. The initial system shows potential of the inclusion of the proposed approach in job advertisement websites. In comparison to other job searching websites, this system can provide additional information on public view about the advertised job obtained from the social media text analytics. With this additional information, jobseekers have more confidence in job selection and allows employers to receive more suitable candidates for the available positions. It is hoped that the proposed system can tailor the job advertisements to the need of the jobseeker and making the job application more relevant hence reducing the potential employers’ processing time.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 744-751
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Flower and leaf recognition for plant identification using convolutional neural network

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp737-743
Nurul FatihahSahidan , Ahmad Khairi Juha , Norasiah Mohammad , Zaidah Ibrahim
This paper presents flower and leaf recognition for plant identification using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this study, the performance of CNN for plant identification using images of the leaves, flowers and a combination of both are investigated.  Two publicly available datasets, namely Folio leaf dataset and Flower Recognition dataset, have been used for the training and testing purposes.  CNN has been proven to produce excellent results for object recognition but its performance can still be influenced by the type of images and the number of layers of the CNN architecture.   Experimental results indicate that the utilization of leaf images only arrive to the highest accuracy for plant identification compared to the images of flowers only or the combination of both, that are 98%, 85% and 74%, respectively.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 737-743
Publish at: 2019-11-01

A new compression technique in MANET: compressed-LZW algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp890-896
Hadeel Noori Saad , Fairouz mushtaq Jafar , Hanan Abbas Salman
Now a days mobile ad hoc networks MANETs play a vital role in tremendous communication applications. This networks require infrastructure less module in non- centralized application’s area. Low battery power is of great concern to sustain for a long time, thus researchers try to assist in this critical maintenance point. This work proposed an enhanced version of well-known compression technique LZW to reduce data communication and maintain battery life. Compressed-LZW is a technique to code data stream into further compact form by merging successive redundant compressed code, and achieved by padding the code stream with the displacement of the next similar code. Compressed-LZW outperform its successor in saving consumed energy as expressed in the implementation and results by generating less output codes.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 890-896
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp906-916
Safaa Laqtib , Khalid El Yassini , Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) metrics such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 906-916
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Stress catcher application for mobile stress monitoring using questionnaire-based

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp917-924
Aslina Baharum , Siti Hasnah Tanalol , Cheng Xu Jian , Muhammad Omar , Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Noor , Nurhafizah Moziyana Mohd Yusop
Nowadays, stress has become the main reason to cause health problems. The human’s lifestyle has been increasing due to the fast development of technologies which help to improve performance and productivity indirectly increased the burden of human lifestyle. Many studies have done to identify the cause of stress and the effect of stress among university students. However, stress monitoring is not well mentioned in the previous works especially stress monitoring with questionnaire-based. Thus, this research tried to come out with a mobile application that fit to use to monitor the stress level by using a questionnaire. Mobile-D used to identify and develop the mobile application, namely as Stress Catcher. Mobile-D approach allows Test-driven development and it is suitable to use for mobile applications development. A prototype of Stress Catcher will function to prove the usefulness in human lifestyle.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 917-924
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Two-chambers soft actuator bending and rotational properties for underwater application

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp669-677
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif , Ahmad Athif Faudzi , Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin , Tariq Rehman , Dyah Ekashanti Octorina Dewi
This paper presents a study on bending and rotational properties of two-chambers soft actuator for underwater application. Previous study demonstrated the actuator characteristics required to optimize the bending performance and its potential to perform underwater because of the actuator material. However, there is less study of the actuator performance underwater as well as how the actuator tips rotating during actuator bending motion. In this paper, three tests have been proposed which are comparisons of bending angle simulation and experiment in air environment, bending angle performance in air and underwater environment as well as rotational angle of actuator tip in air environment. The bending angle of soft actuator is measured based on displacement in horizontal and vertical axis and for rotational angle, gyro sensor has been used. Based on the analysis, it is proven that the fabricated soft actuator performs almost similar trend to the simulation. It is also demonstrated that the actuator performs almost double bending motion underwater environment compared to in air environment at the same pressure, and the actuator is able to rotate 90º in air environment with the supplied pressure 52 kPa.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 669-677
Publish at: 2019-11-01

Voiced and unvoiced separation in malay speech using zero crossing rate and energy

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp775-780
Rafizah Mohd Hanifa , Khalid Isa , Shamsul Mohamad , Shaharil Mohd Shah , Shelena Soosay Nathan , Rosni Ramle , Mazniha Berahim
This paper contributes to the literature on voice-recognition in the context of non-English language. Specifically, it aims to validate the techniques used to present the basic characteristics of speech, viz. voiced and unvoiced, that need to be evaluated when analysing speech signals. Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR) and Short Time Energy (STE) are used in this paper to perform signal pre-processing of continuous Malay speech to separate the voiced and unvoiced parts. The study is based on non-real time data which was developed from a collection of audio speeches. The signal is assessed using ZCR and STE for comparison purposes. The results revealed that ZCR are low for voiced part and high for unvoiced part whereas the STE is high for voiced part and low for unvoiced part. Thus, these two techniques can be used effectively for separating voiced and unvoiced for continuous Malay speech.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 775-780
Publish at: 2019-11-01
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