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31,456 Article Results

Automatic gray images colorization based on lab color space

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1501-1509
Nidhal K. El Abbadi , Eman Saleem Razaq
The colorization aim to transform a black and white image to a color image. This is a very hard  issue and usually requiring manual intervention by the user to produce high-quality images free of artifact. The public problem of inserting gradients color to a gray image has no accurate method. The proposed method is fully automatic method. We suggested to use reference color image to help transfer colors from reference image to gray image.  The reference image converted to  Lab color space, while the gray scale image normalized according to the lightness channel L. the gray image concatenate with both a, and b channels before converting to RGB image. The results were promised compared with other methods.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1501-1509
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Fuzzy-Logic-RSSI based approach for cluster heads selection in wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1424-1431
Azamuddin Abdul Rahman , Mohd Nizam Mohmad Kahar , Wan Isni Sofiah Wan Din
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are defined as networks of nodes that work in a cooperative way in order to sense and control the surrounding environment. Several WSNs algorithms have been proposed by utilizing the Fuzzy Logic technique to select the cluster heads (CHs). Each technique employs a different combination of input parameters such as nodes density, communication cost, and residual energy. CHs determination is critical towards this goal, whereas the combination of input parameters is expected to play an important role. Nevertheless, the received signal strength (RSSI) is one of the main criteria which get little attention from researchers on the topic of CHs selection. In this study, an RSSI based scheme was proposed which utilizes Fuzzy Logic approach in order to be combined with residual energy and centrality of the fuzzy descriptor. In order to evaluate the proposed scheme, the performance Multi-Tier Protocol (MAP) and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) were compared. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has significantly prolonged the survival time of the network against SEP and MAP, while effectively decelerating the dead process of sensor nodes.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1424-1431
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Comparison of stress level and coping strategy between therapeutic phases in newly diagnosed tuberculosis

10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20410
Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari , Ayu Kurnia Endar Sari
In newly diagnosed Tuberculosis (TB), the diagnosis and therapy duration may cause psychological stress requiring effective coping strategy. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress level and coping strategy between intensive and advanced phases in newly diagnosed TB. This cross-sectional study involved 16 respondents in intensive phase and 29 respondents in advanced phase (n=45), in the working area of Pacar Keling Public Health Center of Surabaya. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and coping strategy questionnaire were used for collecting data. Data were collected in May 2018. Independent sample t test was used in data analysis (α<0.05). Results showed that mostly moderate stress level and adaptive coping strategy were found in both phases. Overall, stress and coping were not significantly different between phases in newly diagnosed TB (p=0.259 and p=0.079 respectively), but the feeling of angry, losing control, nervous & depressed, whether things happened as wishes, talking problems to professionals, and trying new dangerous thing were differ significantly between phases (p=0.046, p=0.024, p=0.044, p=0.016, p=0.014, and p=0.005 respectively). Although stress level and coping strategy were not significantly different between therapeutic phases in newly diagnosed TB, but more attention needs to be given towards patients’ emotion, such as the feeling of angry, losing control, nervous and depressed, and patients’ wishes, especially in intensive phase.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 145-152
Publish at: 2020-06-01

A comparative analysis of classification techniques on predicting flood risk

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1342-1350
Nazri Mohd Nawi , Mokhairi Makhtar , Mohd Zaki Salikon , Zehan Afizah Afip
Flood is a temporary overflow of a dry area due to overflow of excess water, runoff surface waters or undermining of shoreline. In Malaysia itself in 2014, the country grieved with the catastrophic flood event in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, which caused of human lives, public assets and money lost. Due to uncertainties in flooding event, it is vital for Malaysia to have pre-warning system that assist related agencies in to categorize land areas that face high risk of flood so preventive actions can be planned in place. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of three classifications in classifying the risk of flood, whether high or low. The classification experiment conducts using three variants of Bayesian approaches, which are Bayesian Networks (BN), Naive Bayes (NB), and Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN). The outcome of this research shows that Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) has the best algorithms as compared to others algorithms in classifying the risk of flood.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1342-1350
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Comparison of two hybrid algorithms on incorporated aircraft routing and crew pairing problems

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1665-1672
Mohamed N. F. , Mohamed N. A. , Mohamed N. H. , Subani N.
In airline operations planning, a sequential method is traditionally used in airline system. In airline systems, minimizing the costs is important as they want to get the highest profits. The aircraft routing problem is solved first, and then pursued by crew pairing problem. The solutions are suboptimal in some cases, so we incorporate aircraft routing and crew pairing problems into one mathematical model to get an exact solution. Before we solve the integrated aircraft routing and crew pairing problem, we need to get the aircraft routes (AR) and crew pairs (CP). In this study, we suggested using genetic algorithm (GA) to develop a set of AR and CP. By using the generated AR and CP, we tackle the integrated aircraft and crew pairing problems using two suggested techniques, Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Computational results show that GA's executed of AR and CP and then solved by ILP obtained the greatest results among all the methods suggested.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1665-1672
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Mercury and its effect on human health: a review of the literature

10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20416
Siti Thomas Zulaikhah , Joko Wahyuwibowo , Arrizki Azka Pratama
Mercury in human body is a free radical that can cause depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hoarding of H2O2, leading to shorten the age of erythrocytes and cause haemolysis. Approximately 90% organic form can be absorbed by the intestinal wall, while inorganic forms are only about 10%. The initial form can also penetrate the blood and placental barrier so that it can cause teratogenic effects and nervous disorders. The effects of mercury toxicity on humans depend on the chemical form of mercury, dosage, age of people exposed, length of exposure, entry into the body, fish diet and consumption of seafood. Mercury is able to bind sulfidril proteins in cells resulting in nonspecific cell injury or even cell death, cessation of microtubule formation, enzyme inhibition, oxidative stress, cessation of protein and DNA synthesis, and autoimmune responses. Classified into a very toxic metal, mercury can trigger the formation of ROS, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radicals that can inhibit enzymes, cell damage, DNA damage, protein structure damage, disruption on the body's antioxidant metabolism, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Mercury exposure is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. This review is clearly in line to investigate the effect of mercury on human health based on previous research, article and other literature sources.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 103-114
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Transition flight modeling and robust control of a VTOL unmanned quad tilt-rotor aerial vehicle

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1252-1261
Navya Thirumaleshwar Hegde , V.I. George , C Gurudas Nayak , Kamlesh Kumar
The development of fully autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) plays a major contribution towards reducing the risk to human life in various applications including rescue teams, border patrol, police and inspection of buildings, pipelines, coasts, and terrains. Tiltrotor hybrid UAV exhibit special application value due to its unique rotor structure. The variation in the model dynamics and aerodynamics due to the tilting rotors are the major key issues and challenges which attracted the attention of many researchers. This vehicle combines the hovering capabilities of a helicopter along with the high-speed cruise capabilities of a conventional airplane by tilting its four rotors. In the present research work, the authors attempt to model a quad tilt rotor UAV using Newton-Euler formulation. A dynamic model of the vehicle is derived mathematically for horizontal, vertical and transition flight modes. A robust H-infinity control strategy is proposed, evaluated and analyzed through simulation to control the flight dynamics of the different modes of the UAV. Simulation results shows that the tiltrotor UAV achieves transition successfully.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1252-1261
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Prototype development of smart parking system powered by solar photovoltaic

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1229-1235
M.Z.M. Nasir , S. Salimin , B. Chan , S.A. Jumaat
This paper proposed the prototype of smart car parking powered by photovoltaic. There is probability that cars will hit the wall or car out from the parking lot. The main objectives of this research are to determine the power rating and sizing of PV panel suitable for smart car parking system and design an ultrasonic parking sensor circuit to alert any obstacle while parking and development the prototype of smart car parking using PV. Smart car parking consists of distance sensors, LED, Arduino UNO potentiometer, resistors, and Node MCU. Where, Arduino UNO as a microcontroller was coding to receive the signal from the sensor and transmit signal to LED to display the car distance condition. To measure the distance between sensor positions to a car, HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is used. Whenever a car come near to the sensor within range specified, the red, yellow or green LED will light up and send the condition happening to the smartphone application. The application build-up can display the real situation and the PV system can supply enough electricity to the smart car parking. 
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1229-1235
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Automated monitoring and controlling pH levels for hydroponics cultivation technique

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1236-1243
Mohammad Farid Saaid , Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin , Nooritawati Md Tahir
A hydroponics plant can grow healthily with sufficient nutrient, temperature, light, humidity as well as pH level that is indeed vital in ensuring the plants will absorb maximum nutrient elements required. This paper presents automated monitoring and controlling pH levels for the hydroponic cultivation technique. In this study, automated monitoring and controlling of pH levels are developed specifically for the hydroponic cultivation technique. There are three main methods that involved in the development of the system namely hardware, programming and functionality test. Firstly, users need to set the maximum and minimum pH levels as required by the plant. Then, the pH sensor will monitor the real-time pH level of the water. A syringe pump that contains a pH up solution (alkaline) and a pH down solution (acid) will drip the solutions to neutralize the water content if the water pH level is not within the stated ranges as set by the user. Results showed that the automated monitoring and controlling pH levels were successfully developed and functionality was tested and confirmed as desired. The syringe pumps responded perfectly upon changes of the water pH value based on the validation done that showed 100% accuracy of the syringe pump responds. 
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1236-1243
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Experiences and satisfaction of high-risk mothers who gave birth in select facilities in Legazpi City, Philippines

10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20381
Maria Stephanie Fay S. Cagayan MD , Veincent Christian F. Pepito , Rita Mae Ang Bon MD MPM , Erlidia F. Llamas-Clark
Among the interventions implemented to curb maternal mortality in the Philippines, service delivery networks (SDNs) have been one of the most important. However, due to their recent implementation, frameworks to assess the quality of care they provide have not yet been established. To address this need, we had formulated the Integrated Patient-Centered Health Service Framework and used it to explore the satisfaction of mothers who gave birth in select facilities Legazpi City Philippines. We conducted key-informant interviews with 14 mothers. We found out that they were satisfied with the quality of care during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and post-partum; however, the quality of care during labor and delivery, adherence to referral protocols, and respect for patient‟s autonomy can still be improved. The framework should be used by program managers to have a qualitative measure of quality of care provided by SDNs, as well as to ensure that referral protocols were implemented.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 137-144
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Predictors of stunting among pediatric children living with HIV/AIDS, Eastern Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20422
Dawit Gezahegn , Gudina Egata , Tesfaye Gobena , Berhanu Abebaw
Globally, there were about 3.4 million pediatric children (<15 years of age) who were living with HIV/AIDS. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2013, there were about 160,000 pediatric children living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Even though undernutrition makes it difficult to combat HIV/AIDS, there is paucity of information on the magnitude of stunting and its predictors among seropositive pediatric children in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Institution based quantitative cross sectional study design was employed on 414 randomly selected pediatric (5-15 years) children living with HIV/AIDS in Harari Region and Dire Dawa City Administration Public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. Pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and patient card review was held to collect data. Data were entered through Epi-data and exported to SPSS for analysis. The WHO Anthros plus software was used to calculate the anthropometric indices. Bivariate and Multivariable analysis along with 95%CI were done to identify predictors of stunting. Level of statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. The prevalence of stunting was found to be 30.9% (95%CI: 26.0-36.0%). Rural residence [AOR=4.0, (95%CI: 2.22, 7.17)], family monthly income of ≤500 ETB [AOR=5.79, (95%CI: 2.82, 11.60)], being anemic [AOR=3.17, (95% CI: 2.13, 4.93)] and the presence of diarrhea [AOR=6.21, 95% (CI: 3.39, 9.24)] were predictors of stunting. Thus, collaborative measures should be undertaken (to decrease frequent infections and to improve the economic status) to combat chronic malnutrition during HIV/AIDS treatment.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 82-89
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Transceiver error reduction by design prototype system based on neural network analysis method

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1244-1251
Muthna Jasim Fadhil , Maitham Ali Naji , Ghalib Ahmed Salman
Code words traditional can be decoding when applied in artificial neural network. Nevertheless, explored rarely for encoding of artificial neural network so that it proposed encoder for artificial neural network forward with major structure built by Self Organizing Feature Map (SOFM). According to number of bits codeword and bits source mentioned the dimension of forward neural network at first then sets weight of distribution proposal choosing after that algorithm appropriate using for sets weight initializing and finally sets code word uniqueness check so that matching with existing. The spiking neural network (SNN) using as decoder of neural network for processing of decoding where depending on numbers of bits codeword and bits source dimension the spiking neural network structure built at first then generated sets codeword by network neural forward using for train spiking neural network after that when whole error reached minimum the process training stop and at last sets code word decode accepted. In tests simulation appear that feasible decoding and encoding neural network while performance better for structure network neural forward a proper condition is achieved with γ node output degree. The methods of mathematical traditional can not using for decoding generated Sets codeword by encoder network of neural so it is prospect good for communication security. 
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1244-1251
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Design and development of three stages maximum power tracking solar charge controller

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1270-1278
N.H. Abdul Rahman , A. M. Omar , E. H. Mat Saat , N. I. Ilham , M. Z. Hussin , Yusrina Y
This paper presents the design of a Three Stages Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller for improving the charging/discharging control of the battery. In this research, Buck Converter is used to regulate the voltage from the Photovoltaic (PV) module to the required voltage. This research is limited to Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) battery for 12V system voltage. The charge control algorithm envisages controlling the charging and discharging action in all the three stages of battery charging, bulk, absorption, and float. The idea is to control the battery charging and discharging status until meeting the battery set-point. The set-point is limited to High Voltage Disconnect (HVD), Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) and Load Voltage Reconnect (LVR) to protect the battery from over-charging and deep-discharging. The results obtained demonstrate the good performance of the charge controller. With the application of the MPPT algorithm in the bulk stage, the time taken to get the battery to fully charged state becomes faster The regulation power from the converter to the inverter has performed well and the switching relay is managed to be controlled.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page: 1270-1278
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Validation of learning environment inventory for secondary school contexts

10.11591/ijere.v9i2.20444
Nurulhuda Md Hassan , Norliza Abdul Majid , Nur Khairunnasuha Abu Hassan
This study was conducted to describe the validation of learning environment inventory (LEI) for secondary school contexts. A survey method was used for data collection through the 20-item LEI. This study consists of two phases. In Phase 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21) involving data collected from 150 students, which resulted in the extraction of four factors related to learning environment; (a) Learner-centered, (b) Knowledge-centered, (c) Assessment-centered, and (d) Community-centered. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out in Phase 2 with a new sample (N = 268) which resulted in strong model fit estimation. Such results confirmed the factor structure of Phase 1 and resulted in a final 12-item scale, which may be considered as an acceptable model.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 379-384
Publish at: 2020-06-01

Patient satisfaction and associated factors among in-patients in Primary Hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20412
Zenebe Wondimhunegn Weldearegay , Sisay Shewasinad Yehualahet , Shimelse Ololo Sinkie , Tilahun Fufa Debela
Satisfaction of patient is the preferred item for the consumption of care. It is related to health services consumption. The objective of the study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction and associated factors among patients Primary Hospitals of North Shoa Zone. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design were implemented from March 15-April 25, 2019. Sample sizes of 422 inpatients were included. Participants were selected by lottery method. Factor analysis was used in order to generate factor scores for further analysis. Variables P<0.25 on the bivariate analysis were included in the multiple linear regression and variables with p<0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. There was 59.1% inpatient was satisfied. Sex, religion, place of residence, previous admission and occupational status of a housewife, ggovernment employee and educational status of primary school were associated with patient satisfaction.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 76-81
Publish at: 2020-06-01
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