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31,456 Article Results

A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1113-1121
Deekshitha S. Nayak , R. Shivarudraswamy
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1113-1121
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Trust correlation of mobile agent nodes with a regular node in a Adhoc network using decision-making strategy

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1561-1569
Chethan B. K. , M. Siddappa , Jayanna H. S.
A mobile agent offers discrete advantage both in facilitating better transmission as well as controlling the traffic load in Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). Hence, such forms of network offers maximized dependencies on mobile agents in terms of its trust worthiness. At present, there are various work being carried out towards resisting security breach in MANET; however approaches using mobile agent based mechanism is few to found. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a novel mathematical model where an extensive decision making system has been constructed for identifying the malicious intention of mobile agents in case they go rogues. By adopting multi-tier communication policy and fairness concept, the proposed system offers the capability to resist any form of malicious activity of mobile agent without even presence of any apriori information of adversary. The outcome shows proposed system outshines existing security scheme in MANET.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1561-1569
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Hardware description of a simplified 4-bit softcore processor with BCD capabilities

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1570-1576
Fernando Martínez Santa , Edwar Jacinto , Holman Montie
The objective of the work reported in this paper is to improve a 4-bit softcore processor previously designed in Verilog language, keeping its compact size. This processor was thought to be used as academic and didactic tool for teaching as computers architecture subject as digital circuits subject in the technology faculty of the Universidad Distrital. The new features include arithmetic instruction with input carry, BCD operations enabling, rotating instructions, implementation of input and output register banks, increase of the number of general purpose registers of the data memory, and the reduction of the execution clock cycles per instruction. Additionally, the assembler software was enabled to support macro-instructions to make easy the comprehension of some composed functions. As result, a very compact softcore processor was obtained, by means of a Verilog description done in a single file. This implementation occupies only the 2% of the medium-size FPGA used for the application, reaching a maximum possible working clock frequency of 929 Mhz.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1570-1576
Publish at: 2020-04-01

The optimal synthesis of scanned linear antenna arrays

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1477-1484
Anas A. Amaireh , Asem S. Al-Zoubi , Nihad I. Dib
In this paper, symmetric scanned linear antenna arrays are synthesized, in order to minimize the side lobe level of the radiation pattern. The feeding current amplitudes are considered as the optimization parameters. Newly proposed optimization algorithms are presented to achieve our target; Antlion Optimization (ALO) and a new hybrid algorithm. Three different examples are illustrated in this paper; 20, 26 and 30 elements scanned linear antenna array. The obtained results prove the effectiveness and the ability of the proposed algorithms to outperform and compete other algorithms like Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) and Firefly Algorithm (FA).
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1477-1484
Publish at: 2020-04-01

A hybrid image similarity measure based on a new combination of different similarity techniques

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1814-1822
Nisreen Ryadh Hamza , Rasha Ail Dihin , Mohammed Hasan Abdulameer
Image similarity is the degree of how two images are similar or dissimilar. It computes the similarity degree between the intensity patterns in images. A new image similarity measure named (HFEMM) is proposed in this paper. The HFEMM is composed of two phases. Phase 1, a modified histogram similarity measure (HSSIM) is merged with feature similarity measure (FSIM) to get a new measure called (HFM). In phase 2, the resulted (HFM) is merged with error measure (EMM) in order to get a new similarity measure, which is named (HFEMM). Different kindes of noises for example Gaussian, Uniform, and salt & ppepper noiser are used with the proposed methods. One of the human face databases (AT&T) is used in the experiments and random images are used as well. For the evaluation, the similarity percentage under peakk signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is usedd. To show the effectiveness of the proposed measure, a comparision anong different similar technique such as SSIM, HFM, EMM and HFEMM are considered. The proposed HFEMM achieved higher similarity result when PSNR was low compared to the other methods.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1814-1822
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Threshold voltage model for hetero-gate-dielectric tunneling field effect transistors

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1764-1771
Ajay Kumar Singh , Tan Chun Fui , Tan Wee Xin Wilson
In this paper, a two dimensional analytical model of the threshold voltage for HGD TFET structure has been proposed. We have also presented the analytical models for the tunneling width and the channel potential. The potential model is used to develop the physics based model of threshold voltage by exploring the transition between linear to exponential dependence of drain current on the gate bias. The proposed model depends on the drain voltage, gate dielectric near the source and drain, silicon film thickness, work function of gate metal and oxide thickness. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by simulation results of 2-D ATLAS simulator. Due to the reduction of the equivalent oxide thickness, the coupling between the gate and the channel junction enhances which results in lower threshold voltage. Tunneling width becomes narrower at a given gate voltage for the optimum channel concentration of 1016 /cm3. The higher concentration in the source (Ns) causes a steep bending in the conduction and valence bands compared to the lower concentration which results in smaller tunneling width at the source-channel interface.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1764-1771
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Retina blood vessel extraction based on kirsch’s template method

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp318-325
Nur Syazlin Zolkifli , Ain Nazari , Mohd Marzuki Mustafa , Wan NurShazwani Wan Zakaria , Nor Surayahani Suriani , Wan Nur Hafsha Wan Kairuddin
Analysis on the retina blood vessels from fundus images have been widely used in the medical community to detect the disorder condition in the blood vessels. An automated tracing of retina blood vessel can help to provide valuable computer-assisted diagnosis for the ophthalmic disorders. Thus, it helps to reduce the time for the ophthalmologist to analyses and diagnose the result of the fundus image of patient. The purpose of this research is to build an algorithm to trace the retina blood vessels. The method to be used in this research consist of two parts which are the pre-processing part and the feature extraction by using the Kirsch’s template. Combining the pre-processing at the early stage and feature extraction at the next stage is applied to extract the edges of the blood vessels.  The proposed algorithm was verified by using two online databases, DRIVE and HRF to validate the performance measures. Hence, proposed method is capable to extract the retina blood vessel and give the accuracy of 0.7917, the sensitivity of 0.9077 and the specificity of 0.7215. In conclusion, the extraction of the blood vessels is highly recommended as the early screening stage for the eye diseases beneficially.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 318-325
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Evaluate the performance of K-Means and the fuzzy C-Means algorithms to formation balanced clusters in wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1515-1523
Ali Abdul-hussian Hassan , Wahidah Md Shah , Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman , Hayder Abdul Hussien Hassan
The clustering approach is considered as a vital method for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by organizing the sensor nodes into specific clusters. Consequently, saving the energy and prolonging network lifetime which is totally dependent on the sensors battery, that is considered as a major challenge in the WSNs. Classification algorithms such as K-means (KM) and Fuzzy C-means (FCM), which are two of the most used algorithms in literature for this purpose in WSNs. However, according to the nature of random nodes deployment manner, on certain occasions, this situation forces these algorithms to produce unbalanced clusters, which adversely affects the lifetime of the network. Based for our knowledge, there is no study has analyzed the performance of these algorithms in terms clusters construction in WSNs. In this study, we investigate in KM and FCM performance and which of them has better ability to construct balanced clusters, in order to enable the researchers to choose the appropriate algorithm for the purpose of improving network lifespan. In this study, we utilize new parameters to evaluate the performance of clusters formation in multi-scenarios. Simulation result shows that our FCM is more superior than KM by producing balanced clusters with the random distribution manner for sensor nodes.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1515-1523
Publish at: 2020-04-01

High level speaker specific features modeling in automatic speaker recognition system

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1859-1867
Satyanand Singh
Spoken words convey several levels of information. At the primary level, the speech conveys words or spoken messages, but at the secondary level, the speech also reveals information about the speakers. This work is based on the high-level speaker-specific features on statistical speaker modeling techniques that express the characteristic sound of the human voice. Using Hidden Markov model (HMM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) models build Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) system that are computational inexpensive can recognize speakers regardless of what is said. The performance of the ASR system is evaluated for clear speech to a wide range of speech quality using a standard TIMIT speech corpus. The ASR efficiency of HMM, GMM, and LDA based modeling technique are 98.8%, 99.1%, and 98.6% and Equal Error Rate (EER) is 4.5%, 4.4% and 4.55% respectively. The EER improvement of GMM modeling technique based ASR systemcompared with HMM and LDA is 4.25% and 8.51% respectively.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1859-1867
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on near-infrared method

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1736-1746
Mustafa Ayesh Al-dhaheri , Nasr-Eddine Mekkakia-Maaza , Hassan Mouhadjer , Abdelghani Lakhdari
Diabetes is considered one of the life-threatening diseases in the world which need continuous monitoring to avoid the complication of diabetes. There is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system that avoids the risk of infection problems and pain caused by invasive monitoring techniques. This paper presents a method for developing a noninvasive technique to predict the blood glucose concentration (BCG) based on the Near-infrared (NIR) light sensor. A prototype is developed using a finger sensor based on LED of 940 nm wavelength to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) signal which is variable depending on the glucose concentration variance, a module circuit to preprocess PPG signals is realized, which includes an amplifier and analog filter circuits, an Arduino UNO is used to analog-to-digital conversion. A digital Butterworth filterer is used to remove PPG signal trends, then detect the PPG data peaks to determine the relationship between the PPG signal and (BCG) and use it as input parameters to build the calibration model based on linear regression. Experiments show that the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of the prediction is between 8.264mg/dL and 13.166 mg/dL, the average of RMSE is about 10.44mg/dL with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.839, it is observed that the prediction of glucose concentration is in the clinically acceptable region of the standard Clark Error Grid (CEG).
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1736-1746
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Finding the shortest path in a graph and its visualization using C# and WPF

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp2054-2059
Radoslav Mavrevski , Metodi Traykov , Ivan Trenchev
The shortest path problem is a classic problem in mathematics and computer science with applications in Economics (sequential decision making, analysis of social networks, etc.). The presented work is an example of realizing and applying of Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path between two vertices in a connected, undirected graph, which is often a solved problem at a time annual International Olympiad in Informatics. For this purpose, are used the technologies, .NET 4.0, Visual Studio 2010, and WPF for the graphical user interface. The implemented program allows drawing an undirected graph, visualizing the shortest path between two vertices and finding its value. This software is a valuable tool for the study of Dijkstra's algorithm and is a great pedagogic instrument. All figures of path visualization included in this paper are actual screenshots of our visualization program.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 2054-2059
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Robust foreground modelling to segment and detect multiple moving objects in videos

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1337-1345
Rahul M. Patil , Chethan K. P. , Azra Nasreen , Shobha G.
Last decade has witnessed an ever increasing number of video surveillance installations due to the rise of security concerns worldwide. With this comes the need for video analysis for fraud detection, crime investigation, traffic monitoring to name a few. For any kind of video analysis application, detection of moving objects in videos is a fundamental step. In this paper, an efficient foreground modelling method to segment multiple moving objects is implemented. Proposed method significantly reduces noise thereby accurately segmenting region of interest under dynamic conditions while handling occlusion to a large extent. Extensive performance analysis shows that the proposed method was found to give far better results when compared to the de facto standard as well as relatively new approaches used for moving object detection.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1337-1345
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Study and analysis of mobility, security, and caching issues in CCN

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1438-1453
Rao Naveed Bin Rais , Osman Khalid
Existing architecture of Internet is IP-centric, having capability to cope with the needs of the Internet users. Due to the recent advancements and emerging technologies, a need to have ubiquitous connectivity has become the primary focus. Increasing demands for location-independent content raised the requirement of a new architecture and hence it became a research challenge. Content Centric Networking (CCN) paradigm emerges as an alternative to IP-centric model and is based on name-based forwarding and in-network data caching. It is likely to address certain challenges that have not been solved by IP-based protocols in wireless networks. Three important factors that require significant research related to CCN are mobility, security, and caching. While a number of studies have been conducted on CCN and its proposed technologies, none of the studies target all three significant research directions in a single article, to the best of our knowledge. This paper is an attempt to discuss the three factors together within context of each other. In this paper, we discuss and analyze basics of CCN principles with distributed properties of caching, mobility, and secure access control. Different comparisons are made to examine the strengths and weaknesses of each aforementioned aspect in detail. The final discussion aims to identify the open research challenges and some future trends for CCN deployment on a large scale.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1438-1453
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Efficient power allocation method for non orthogonal multiple access 5G systems

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp2139-2150
Maan A. S Al-Adwany
One of the hot research topics for the upcoming 5G (fifth-generation) wireless communication networks is the non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, where it have attracted both industrial and academic fields to improve the existing spectral efficiency. In fact, the multiuser detection process for NOMA systems is largely affected by the power distribution of the received signals. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to control the transmit power among active users in one of the promising NOMA systems; the interleave division multiple access (IDMA) which has been adopted here for consideration. Unlike conventional methods, where tedious mathematical computations are required; a simple and direct method has been derived. The proposed method has been applied to IDMA system with different FEC codes. The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional one as compared to optimal results.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 2139-2150
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Design and simulation of a normalized fuzzy logic controller for the quadruple-tank process

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp227-234
Wameedh Riyadh Abdul-Adheem
Industrial processes include multivariable systems and nonlinearities. These conditions must be effectively controlled to ensure a stable operation. A proportional–integral–derivative controller and other classical control techniques provide simple design tools to designers, but cannot accommodate nonlinearities in industrial processes. In this study, the quadruple-tank process, which is one of the most widely used processes in the chemical industry, was selected as the research object.  To examine this process, a fuzzy logic controller, instead of an exact mathematical model, was proposed to ensure the reliability of the experience. A modification was proposed to facilitate the design process. To check the validity of the proposed controller, it was compared with the conventional proportional–integral controller. The former exhibited acceptable performance. Industrial processes include multivariable systems and nonlinearities. These conditions must be effectively controlled to ensure a stable operation. A proportional–integral–derivative controller and other classical control techniques provide simple design tools to designers, but cannot accommodate nonlinearities in industrial processes. In this study, the quadruple-tank process, which is one of the most widely used processes in the chemical industry, was selected as the research object.  To examine this process, a fuzzy logic controller, instead of an exact mathematical model,was proposed to ensure the reliability of the experience. A modification was proposed to facilitate the design process. To check the validity of the proposed controller, it was compared with the conventional proportional–integral controller. The former exhibited acceptable performance.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 227-234
Publish at: 2020-04-01
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