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29,758 Article Results

Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networks

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3077-3089
Abeer Twakol Khalil , A. I. Abdel-Fatah , Hesham Ali Sakr
Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 3077-3089
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Area & Power Efficient VLSI Architecture of Mode Decision in Integer Motion Estimation for HEVC Video Coding Standard

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2469-2480
EL Ansari Abdessamad , Nejmeddine Bahri , Anass Mansouri , Nouri Masmoud , Ahaitouf Ali
In this paper, we propose a new parallel hardware architecture for the mode decision algorithm, that it is based on the Sum Absolute of the Difference (SAD) for compute the motion estimation, which is the most critical algorithm in the recent video encoding standard HEVC. In fact, this standard introduced new large variable block sizes for the motion estimation algorithm and therefore the SAD requires a more reduced execution time in order to achieve the real time processing even for the ultra-high resolution sequences. The proposed accelerator executes the SAD algorithm in a parallel way for all sub-block prediction units (PUs) and coding unit (CU) whatever their sizes, which turns in a huge improvements in the performances, given that all the block sizes, PUs in each CU, are supported and processed in the same time. The Xilinx Artix-7 (Zynq-7000) FPGA is used for the prototyping and the synthesis of the proposed accelerator. The mode decision for motion estimation scheme is implemented with 32K LUTs, 50K registers and 108Kb BRAMs. The implementation results show that our hardware architecture can achieve 30 frames per second of the 4K (3840 × 2160) resolutions in real time processing at 115.15MHz.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2469-2480
Publish at: 2019-08-01

K-means algorithm with level set for brain tumor segmentation

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp991-1000
Samah Abdelaziz , Songfeng Lu
Brain is a complicated structure consisting of millions of millions cells so that, it’s difficult to identify any diseases without using any computerized technology. Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is one of the main assessments of brain tumors. One of the most important steps on medical image processing is segmentation. Segmenting brain mri images, which provide accurate information for the diagnosis and therapy decisions of brain tumors. We proposed to segment brain tumor mri images into three parts (wm (white matter), gm (gray matter), and background). The first algorithm is for applying median filtering on brain mri image for removing the noise from the image for achieving accurate results. The second algorithm is for applying k-means algorithm for accuracy in time consuming and for clustering into regions and  the third algorithm indicate the detecting the boundary of the image with the use of level set. By comparison, our proposed method, its efficiency to segment perfectly more than other previous used algorithms especially on time consuming.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 991-1000
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Reliable Fault Tolerance System for Service Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2523-2533
Veeresh Poola , Praveen Sam R , Shoba Bindu C
A Due to the rapid development of smart processing mobile devices, Mobile applications are exploring the use of web services in MANETs to satisfy the user needs. Complex user needs are satisfied by the service composition where a complex service is created by combining one or more atomic services. Service composition has a significant challenge in MANETs due to its limited bandwidth, constrained energy sources, dynamic node movement and often suffers from node failures. These constraints increase the failure rate of service composition. To overcome these, we propose Reliable Fault Tolerant System for Service Composition in MANETs (RFTSC) which makes use of the checkpointing technique for service composition in MANETs. We propose fault policies for each fault in service composition when the faults occur. Failure of services in the service composition process is recovered locally by making use of Checkpointing system and by using discovered services which satisfies the QoS constraints. A Multi-Service Tree (MST) is proposed to recover failed services with O(1) time complexity. Simulation result shows that the proposed approach is efficient when compared to existing approaches.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2523-2533
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Performance evaluation of listwise deletion for impaired datasets in multiple regression-based prediction

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp1009-1018
Chanintorn Jittawiriyanukoon
Multiple Regression-Based Prediction (MRBP) is an emerging calculation to or analysis technique cope with the future by compiling the history of data. The MRBP characteristic will include an approximation for the associations between physical observations and predictions. MRBP is a predictive model, which will be an important source of knowledge in terms of an interesting trend to be followed in the future. However, there is impairment in the MRBP dataset, wherein each form of missing and noisy data has caused an error and is unavailable further analysis. To overcome this unavailability, so that the data analytics can be moved on, two treatment approaches are introduced. First, the given dataset is denoised; next, listwise deletion (LD) is proposed to handle the missing data. The performance of the proposed technique will be investigated by dealing with datasets that cannot be executed. Employing the Massive Online Analysis (MOA) software, the proposed model is investigated, and the results are summarized. Performance metrics, such as mean squared error (MSE), correlation coefficient (COEF), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the average error percentage, are used to validate the proposed mechanism. The proposed LD projection is confirmed through actual values. The proposed LD outperforms other treatments as it only requires less state space, which reflects low computation cost, and proves its capability to overcome the limitation of analysis.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 1009-1018
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Evolution of Microcontroller-based Remote Monitoring System Applications

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2354-2364
Wael A. Salah , Basem Abu Zneid
This study reviews the evolution of smart applications of microcontroller-based wireless/wired remote monitoring systems. Rapid developments in science and technology offer the advantages of using integrated embedded chips, microprocessors, and microcontrollers. The use of microcontrollers in industrial processes, such as automobiles, aeronautics, space, robotics, electronics, defense applications, mobile communications, rail transport, and medical applications, is rapidly increasing. This study aims to review the progress of microcomputers in smart remote monitoring and controlling applications for the control and management of different systems using wireless/wired techniques
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2354-2364
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Analysis and improvement of the efficiency of frequency converters with pulse width modulation

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2314-2320
Bogdan Vasilev
In order to identify the best control algorithm, the effects of modulation control algorithms on the energy characteristics of a two-level autonomous frequency converter inverter were studied. The research was carried out by the methods of mathematical and simulation modeling. The equa-tions of mathematical description were compiled taking into account a number of generally accepted assumptions. An equivalent circuit of a two-level autonomous inverter was created. Comparisons of pulse-width modulation algorithms with carrier signals of various shapes and frequencies were made. Three different forms of carrier signal were used: triangular, sawtooth with a falling edge and sawtooth with a leading edge. Studies were conducted at frequencies of 3,000, 6,000 and 9,000 Hz. Conclusions were made about the identity of the spectral composition of the front and rear edges of the sawtooth signal, it was also noted that with the triangular waveform, being the part of the har-monics, present in the sawtooth form is removed, so, the triangular shape provides the best result of the autonomous inverter. Also, by increasing in the carrier frequency, it was noted that pulse packets appear at different harmonic numbers, shift, and the amplitude and distortion factor decrease, that means, the best performance was obtained at the maximum frequency studied. In the study of the voltage at the output of the chokes at different frequencies of the carrier signal, it was noted that at a higher frequency, the ripple of the output voltage decreases. Throttles do not eliminate harmonics, but only reduce their amplitude. Based on the results, it was concluded that the algorithm with a triangular carrier signal and the maximum frequency provides the best harmonic composition of the output voltage of the frequency converter.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2314-2320
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Natural language description of images using hybrid recurrent neural network

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2932-2940
Md. Asifuzzaman Jishan , Khan Raqib Mahmud , Abul Kalam Al Azad
We presented a learning model that generated natural language description of images. The model utilized the connections between natural language and visual data by produced text line based contents from a given image. Our Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network model is based on the intricacies of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network (BRNN) models. We conducted experiments on three benchmark datasets, e.g., Flickr8K, Flickr30K, and MS COCO. Our hybrid model utilized LSTM model to encode text line or sentences independent of the object location and BRNN for word representation, this reduced the computational complexities without compromising the accuracy of the descriptor. The model produced better accuracy in retrieving natural language based description on the dataset.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2932-2940
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Design of 2MHz OOK transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmission for biomedical implant

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2779-2787
Abdelali El Boutahiri , Mounir Ouremchi , Ahmed Rahali , Mustapha El Alaoui , Fouad Farah , Karim El Khadiri , Ahmed Tahiri , Hassan Qjidaa
In this work a 2 MHz on-off keying (OOK) transmitter/receiver for inductive power and data transmission for biomedical implant system is presented. Inductive link, driven by a Class E power amplifier (PA) is the most PA used to transfer data and power to the internal part of biomedical implant system. Proposed transmitter consists of a digital control oscillator (DCO) and a class E PA which uses OOK modulation to transfer both data and power to a biomedical implant. In proposing OOK transmitter when the transmitter sends binary value “0” the DCO and PA are turned off. With this architecture and 2 MHz carrier wave we have implemented a wireless data and power transfer link which can transmit data with data rate 1Mbps and bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. The efficiency of power transfer is 42% with a 12.7 uH transmitter coil and a 2.4 uH receiver coil and the power delivered to the load is about 104.7 mW. Proposed transmitter is designed for output power 4.1V. OOK receiver consists of an OOK demodulator, powered by rectified and regulated 5V p-p RF signal across the receiver coil. The supply voltage of proposed voltage regulator is 5 V with 9mV/V line regulation of. All circuits proposed in this paper were designed and simulated using Cadence in 0.18 um CMOS process.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2779-2787
Publish at: 2019-08-01

A review on graph search algorithms for optimal energy efficient path planning for an unmanned air vehicle

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp743-749
Sanjoy Kumar Debnath , Rosli Omar , Nor Badariyah Abdul Latip , Shasha Shely , Elia Nadira , Che Ku Nor Che Ku Melor , Tapan Kumar Chakraborty , Elango Natarajan
Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) has attracted attention in recent years in conducting missions for longer time with higher levels of autonomy. For the enhanced autonomous characteristic of UAV, path planning is one of the crucial issues. Current researches on the graph search algorithms under combinatorial method are mainly reviewed in this paper by keeping focus on the comprehensive surveys of its properties for path planning. The outcome is a pen picture of their assumptions and drawbacks.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 743-749
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Effects of downscaling channel dimensions on electrical characteristics of InAs-FinFET transistor

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2902-2909
Ahmed Mahmood , Waheb A. Jabbar , Yasir Hashim , Hadi Bin Manap
In this paper, we present the impact of downscaling of nano-channel dimensions of Indium Arsenide Fin Feld Effect Transistor (InAs- FinFET) on electrical characteristics of the transistor, in particular; (i) ION/IOFF ratio, (ii) Subthreshold Swing (SS), Threshold voltage (VT), and Drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). MuGFET simulation tool was utilized to simulate and compare the considered characteristics based on variable channel dimensions: length, width and oxide thickness. The results demonstrate that the best performance of InAs- FinFET was achieved with channel length = 25 nm, width= 5 nm, and oxide thickness between 1.5 to 2.5 nm according to the selected scaling factor (K = 0.125).
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2902-2909
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Feasibility study of achieving reliable electricity supply using hybrid power system for rural primary schools in Iraq: a case study with umm qasr primary school

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2822-2830
Hussam M. Almukhtar , Zaid H. Al-Tameemi , Karrar M. Al-Anbary , Mohammed K. Abbas , Dr. Hung-Yao Hsu , Dalya H. Al-Mamoori
Electrical power is considered as a significant part of contemporary life, and an essential element for development. Fossil fuels have been utilized since the beginning of the twentieth century for electricity generation. However, fossil fuels depletion at the escalating pace as well as their formidable negative implications upon ecosystem contributed to increasing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources for producing electric power to meet the growing demand worldwide. In Iraq, the electrical supply is not sufficient to supply 12 hours a day of electricity. Many rural areas, particularly their schools are suffering from the electricity shortage such as Umm Qasr Primary School that located 20 km away from the city centre of Karbala city in the middle of Iraq. In order to overcome this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid system which relies on renewable resources and the local grid to electrify Umm Qasr Primary School. Various combinations of energy resources have been analysed by using HOMER software to estimate an optimum hybrid system. The analysis illustrates that the optimal configuration of the projected system is composed of 22.4 kW PV modules, 59 batteries, and 5738kWh purchased from the local grid which has reduced the net present cost(NPC)from US$ 163791 the current situation to US$60,420 for the proposed system. The simulation findings also demonstrate that detrimental emissions have been reduced significantly.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2822-2830
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Evaluation of Wind Power for Electrical Energy Generation in the Mediterranean Coast of Palestine for 14 Years

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2212-2219
Ahmed S A Badawi , Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullaha , Siti Yusoff , Sheroz Khan , Aisha Hashim , Alhareth Zyoud , Mohammed Elamassie
The generation, distributionand transmission of electricity in Palestine have recently emerged as major issues. This study comprehensively assesses the production of wind energy and the estimation of wind energy potential in Palestine’s south coastal plain. The goal is to evaluate Palestine’s wind energy production by studying wind data and calculating energy and power. This study analyses two actual time series datasets. Findings are elaborated to determine the wind energy conversion per 1 m2. The wind speed data from January 1996 to December 2006 in Gaza and from January 2012 to December 2015 in Ashqelon are selected as the data sample. This study is crucial given the need for clean and renewable energy, the power shortage in the Gaza Strip and the limited number of wind energy studies conducted in the south coastal plain of Palestine, especially Gaza Strip. This study estimates the wind energy potential of the Gaza Strip to determine the wind potential. The annual mean wind speed and power are 4.11 ms-1 and 903.4 Wm-2, respectively. Moreover, the study clarifies the electrical energy generation in the Gaza Strip using small-scale turbines and offers a feasible alternative to existing schemes.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2212-2219
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Notice of Retraction Predicting Heart Ailment in Patients with Varying number of Features using Data Mining Techniques

10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2675-2681
T R Stella Mary , Shoney Sebastian
Notice of Retraction-----------------------------------------------------------------------After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IAES's Publication Principles.We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting ijece@iaesjournal.com.-----------------------------------------------------------------------Data mining can be defined as a process of extracting unknown, verifiable and possibly helpful data from information. Among the various ailments, heart ailment is one of the primary reason behind death of individuals around the globe, hence in order to curb this, a detailed analysis is done using Data Mining. Many a times we limit ourselves with minimal attributes that are required to predict a patient with heart disease. By doing so we are missing on a lot of important attributes that are main causes for heart diseases. Hence, this research aims at considering almost all the important features affecting heart disease and performs the analysis step by step with minimal to maximum set of attributes using Data Mining techniques to predict heart ailments. The various classification methods used are Naïve Bayes classifier, Random Forest and Random Tree which are applied on three datasets with different number of attributes but with a common class label. From the analysis performed, it shows that there is a gradual increase in prediction accuracies with the increase in the attributes irrespective of the classifiers used and Naïve Bayes and Random Forest algorithms comparatively outperforms with these sets of data.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 2675-2681
Publish at: 2019-08-01

Magnetic particle imaging signal acquisition using second harmonic detection of magnetic nanoparticles

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp221-229
Muhammad Mahadi Abdul Jamil , Abdulkadir Abubakar Sadiq , Muhammad Shukri Ahmad , Noordin Asimi Mohd Noor , Nur Adilah Abd Rahman , Nurmiza Othman
This paper presents an approach for acquiring a magnetic particle imaging (MPI) signal, by utilizing the second harmonic detection of the magnetic nanoparticles tracers. An MPI signal with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is crucial for high spatial resolution images that reveals the distribution of the tracers in a target area. Samples of Resovist and Perimag nanoparticles tracers were prepared in liquid and immobilised form, which were placed at some distances under the receiver coil of the single-sided MPI scanner. The samples were exposed to the excitation magnetic field generated at 22.8 kHz and a static gradient field generated with a direct current of 2 A. The non-linear magnetization response of the tracers for each spatial position is recorded in the form of voltage signal by a gradiometer pickup coil, with the second harmonic signal being extracted by a resonance circuit. The results obtained revealed that a sufficient signal from the tracers is recorded at up to 25 mm under the pickup coil, with Perimag samples inducing higher signals as compared to Resovist. The dependence of the DC gradient field on the second harmonic signal shows that the peak signal amplitude for Resovist and Perimag particles as ±5 mT and ±6 mT respectively. Additionally, the second harmonic signal amplitude increases exponentially with an increase in the excitation magnetic field. Thus, the results obtained shows the potential of this approach in acquiring high SNR MPI signals at low excitation frequency, which could be vital in reconstructing the contour images of the tracers, particularly in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer diagnosis.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 221-229
Publish at: 2019-07-01
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