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29,758 Article Results

Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Energy Constrained Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2979-2987
Nadeem Iqbal , Mohammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff , Shafi’i Muhammad Abdulhamid
Dynamic topology change and decentralized makes routing a challenging task in mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficient routing is the most challenging task in MANET due to limited energy of mobile nodes. Limited power of batteries typically use in MANET, and this is not easy to change or replace while running communication. Network disorder can occur for many factors but in middle of these factors deficiency of energy is the most significant one for causing broken links and early partition of the network. Evenly distribution of power between nodes could enhance the lifetime of the network, which leads to improving overall network transmission and minimizes the connection request. To discourse this issue, we propose an Energy Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) which considers node energy in route searching process and chooses nodes with higher energy levels. The EARP aim is to establish the shortest route from source to destination that contains energy efficient nodes. The performance of EARP is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and throughput. Results of simulation done by using NS2 network simulator shows that EARP can achieve both high throughput and delivery ratio, whereas increase network lifetime and decreases end-to-end delay.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 2979-2987
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Enhancing the Capacity of the Indoor 60 GHz Band Via Modified Indoor Environments Using Ring Frequency Selective Surface Wallpapers and Path Loss Models

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3003-3020
Nidal Qasem
The 60 GHz band has been selected for short-range communication systems to meet consumers’ needs for high data rates. However, this frequency is attenuated by obstacles. This study addresses the limitations of the 60 GHz band by modifying indoor environments with ring Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) wallpaper, thereby increasing its utilization. The ring FSS wallpaper response at a 61.5 GHz frequency has been analyzed using both MATLAB and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS) software. ‘Wireless InSite’ is also used to demonstrate enhanced wave propagation in a building modified with ring FSSs wallpaper. The demonstration is applied to Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems to verify the effectiveness of FSSs on such systems’ capacity. The effectiveness of the suggested modification over delay spread has been studied for the MIMO scenario, as well as the effect of the human body on capacity. Simulation results presented here show that modifying a building using ring FSS wallpaper is an attractive scheme for significantly improving the indoor 60 GHz wireless communications band. This paper also presents and compares two large-scale indoor propagation Path Loss Models (PLMs), the Close-In (CI) free space reference distance model and the Floating Intercept (FI) model. Data obtained from ‘Wireless InSite’ over distances ranging from 4 to 14.31 m is analyzed. Results show that the CI model provides good estimation and exhibits stable behavior over frequencies and distances, with a solid physical basis and less computational complexity when compared to the FI model. 
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3003-3020
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Triangular Microstrip Antenna for Circularly-Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar Sensor Application

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp310-318
Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo , Akio Kitagawa
In this paper, we obtain the basic construction of triangular microstrip antennas based on the analysis of the single patch and array two patches. This construction use the basic corporate feeding-line with modified lossless T-junction power divider for Circularly Polarized-Synthetic Aperture Radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on airspace with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of Circular Polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusted the parameters of antennas at the resonant frequency, f = 1.25 GHz. The equations for reciprocal, lossless, and matched of the modified lossless T-junction power divider are also described. The result of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the single patch both Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) at the resonant frequency show consecutively 7.15 dBic and 7.16 dBic of gain, 0.12 dB and 0.11 dB of axial ratio, -26.75 dB and -26.72 dB of S-parameter. For array two patches, the result of gain, axial ratio, and S-parameter both of LHCP and RHCP are 7.63 dBic, 7.62 dBic, 2.68 dB, 2.74 dB, -19.43 dB, and -19.40 dB, respectively. The modified lossless T-junction power divider both for LHCP and RHCP are capable of being reciprocal, matched, and lossless at all ports.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 310-318
Publish at: 2018-10-01

New Approach for Detecting and Tracking a Moving Object

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3296-3303
H. Hatimi , M. Fakir , M. Chabi , M. Najimi
This article presents the implementation of a tracking system for a moving target using a fixed camera. The objective of this work is the ability to detect a moving object and locate their positions. In picture processing, tracking moving objects in a known or unknown environment is commonly studied. It is based on invariance properties of objects of interest. The invariance can affect the geometry of the scene or the objects. The proposed approach is composed of several steps; the first is the extraction of points of interest in the current image. Then, these points will be tracked in the following image by using techniques for calculating the optical flow. After this step, the static points will be removed to focus on moving objects, That is to say, there is only the characteristic points belonging to moving objects. Now, to detect moving targets using images of the video, the background is first extracted from the successive images. In our approach, a method of the average values of every pixel has been developed for modeling background. The last step which stays before switching to tracking moving object is the segmentation which allows identifying every moving object. And by using the characteristic points in the previous steps.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3296-3303
Publish at: 2018-10-01

An Event-based Middleware for Syntactical Interoperability in Internet of Things

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3784-3792
Eko Sakti Pramukantoro , Husnul Anwari
Internet of Things (IoT) connecting sensors or devices that record physical observations of the environment and a variety of applications or other Internet services. Along with the increasing number and diversity of devices connected, there arises a problem called interoperability. One type of interoperability is syntactical interoperability, where the IoT should be able to connect all devices through various data protocols. Based on this problem, we proposed a middleware that capable of supporting interoperability by providing a multi-protocol gateway between COAP, MQTT, and WebSocket. This middleware is developed using event-based architecture by implementing publish-subscribe pattern. We also developed a system to test the performance of middleware in terms of success rate and delay delivery of data. The system consists of temperature and humidity sensors using COAP and MQTT as a publisher and web application using WebSocket as a subscriber. The results for data transmission, either from sensors or MQTT COAP has a success rate above 90%, the average delay delivery of data from sensors COAP and MQTT below 1 second, for packet loss rate varied between 0% - 25%. The interoperability testing has been done using Interoperability assessment methodology and found out that ours is qualified.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3784-3792
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Probabilistic Performance Index based Contingency Screening for Composite Power System Reliability Evaluation

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2661-2670
Venkata Satheesh Babu K , Madhusudan V , Ganesh V
Composite power system reliability involves assessing the adequacy of generation and transmission system to meet the demand at major system load points. Contingency selection was being the most tedious step in reliability evaluation of large electric systems. Contingency in power system might be a possible event in future which was not predicted with certainty in earlier research. Therefore, uncertainty may be inevitable in power system operation. Deterministic indices may not guarantee the randomness in reliability assessment. In order to account for volatility in contingencies, a new performance index proposed in the current research. Proposed method assimilates the uncertainty in computational procedure. Reliability test systems like Roy Billinton Test System-6 bus system and IEEE-24 bus reliability test systems were used to test the effectiveness of a proposed method.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 2661-2670
Publish at: 2018-10-01

A Study of Mobile User Movements Prediction Methods

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3112-3117
J. Venkata Subramanian , S. Govindarajan
For a decade and more, the Number of smart phone users count increasing day by day. With the drastic improvements in Communication technologies, the prediction of future movements of mobile users needs also have important role. Various sectors can gain from this prediction. Communication management, City Development planning, and locationbased services are some of the fields that can be made more valuable with movement prediction. In this paper, we propose a study of several Location Prediction Techniques in the following areas
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3112-3117
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Study of Breakdown Voltage of Vegetables oil with SiO2 Nanoparticle Additive

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp296-302
Muhammad Bin Yahya , Fatin Amirah Binti Amirrazli
This paper investigates the suitability of vegetable oils to replace mineral oil based on its AC breakdown voltage, partial discharge and viscosity. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of the nanofluids containing SiO2 nanoparticle in vegetables oils; namely, Coconut oil and Palm oil. A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanoparticles. However, the precise effects on the electrical properties is still uncertain. For decades, transformers use petroleum-based mineral oil because of its good dielectric properties and cooling capability. Coconut oil (CO) and Palm oil (PO) are thought to be   suitable alternatives to replace mineral oil as transformer oil as they are sustainable and available in plenty as natural resources.  It was obtained in this study that the breakdown voltages of these raw oils have fulfilled the standard specifications of good insulating liquid. However, the addition of SiO2 did not improve the AC breakdown voltage and viscosity of coconut oil and palm oil at different temperatures. However, the addition of SiO2 gave positive results in the values of partial discharges in which the presence of the nanoparticles has greatly reduced the mean volume of partial discharges for both coconut oil and palm oil.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 296-302
Publish at: 2018-10-01

A Comparative Analysis on the Evaluation of Classification Algorithms in the Prediction of Diabetes

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3966-3975
Ratna Patil , Sharavari Tamane
Data mining techniques are applied in many applications as a standard procedure for analyzing the large volume of available data, extracting useful information and knowledge to support the major decision-making processes. Diabetes mellitus is a continuing, general, deadly syndrome occurring all around the world. It is characterized by hyperglycemia occurring due to abnormalities in insulin secretion which would in turn result in irregular rise of glucose level. In recent years, the impact of Diabetes mellitus has increased to a great extent especially in developing countries like India. This is mainly due to the irregularities in the food habits and life style. Thus, early diagnosis and classification of this deadly disease has become an active area of research in the last decade. Numerous clustering and classifications techniques are available in the literature to visualize temporal data to identify trends for controlling diabetes mellitus. This work presents an experimental study of several algorithms which classifies Diabetes Mellitus data effectively. The existing algorithms are analyzed thoroughly to identify their advantages and limitations. The performance assessment of the existing algorithms is carried out to determine the best approach.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3966-3975
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Performance Analysis of Hashing Methods on the Employment of App

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3512-3522
Anton Yudhana , Abdul Fadlil , Eko Prianto
The administrative process carried out continuously produces large data. So the search process takes a long time. The search process by hashing methods can save time faster. Hashing is methods that directly access data in a table by making references to the key that hashing becomes the address in the table. The performance analysis of the hashing method is done by the number of 18 digit character values. The process of analysis is done on applications that have been implemented in the application. The algorithm of hashing method analyzed is progressive overflow (PO) and linear quotient (LQ). The main purpose of performance analysis of hashing method is to know how gig the performance of each method. The results analyzed showed the average value of collision with 15 keys in the analysis of 53.3% yield the same value, while 46.7% showed the linear quotient has better performance.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3512-3522
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Motorcycle Movement Model Based on Markov Chain Process in Mixed Traffic

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3149-3157
Rina Mardiati , Bambang R Trilaksono , Yudi S Gondokaryono , Sony S Wibowo
Mixed traffic systems are dynamically complex since there are many parameters and variables that influence the interactions between the different kinds of vehicles. Modeling the behavior of vehicles, especially motorcycle which has erratic behavior is still being developed continuously, especially in developing countries which have heterogeneous traffic. To get a better understanding of motorcycle behavior, one can look at maneuvers performed by drivers. In this research, we tried to build a model of motorcycle movement which only focused on maneuver action to avoid the obstacle along with the trajectories using a Markov Chain approach. In Markov Chain, the maneuver of motorcycle will described by state transition. The state transition model is depend on probability function which will use for determine what action will be executed next. The maneuver of motorcycle using Markov Chain model was validated by comparing the analytical result with the naturalistic data, with similarity is calculated using MSE. In order to know how good our proposed method can describe the maneuver of motorcycle, we try to compare the MSE of the trajectory based on Markov Chain model with those using polynomial approach. The MSE results showed the performance of Markov Chain Model give the smallest MSE which 0.7666 about 0.24 better than 4th order polynomial.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3149-3157
Publish at: 2018-10-01

A BIM-based Detailed Electrical Load Estimation, Costing and Code Checking

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3484-3495
Jasim Farooq , Paawan Sharma , Sreerama Kumar R
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has established into a powerful solution for our construction requirements throughout its life cycle. Compared to conventional methods, BIM offers simple, faster and accurate methodology for modelling, estimation and analysis. In this paper, a novel Autodesk Revit add-in tool named as “Electrical System Estimation and Costing Tool”(ESECT) is proposed for the simultaneous estimation of electrical connected load, demand load, Volt Ampere per square meter, cost of electrical system construction and monthly bill from a residential building model and the add-in tool is developed by using Visual basic C# language.  Research results indicate that wide range of BIM automated tools are possible for code-checking and estimation for design analysis at all stages of electrical system development and eventually leads to better design and cost reduction.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3484-3495
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Star Coordinate Dimension Arrangement using Euclidean Distance and Pearson Correlation

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp348-355
Noor Elaiza Abdul Khalid , Izyan Izzati Kamsani
Star Coordinate (SC) is a circular visualization technique that maps k-dimensional data. Its interactive features allow user to manipulate projections to search for hidden information. Without prior knowledge of relationship between dimensions users will be blindly searching for clusters. This paper proposes dimension rearrangement using Euclidean Distance and Pearson Correlations to reveal the clusters in SC. The methodology consists of four phases; Calculate the distance between individual attributes against a dependent attribute using Euclidean distance; Pearson correlation is used to obtain the correlation data attributes; Sort the correlation values in ascending order; finally, attributes table are reordered with the positive values to the right and negative values to the left according to the correlation value. The resulting tables are applied to produce the SC. This method is successful in producing clusters that makes it easier for the users to further manipulate the SC for their data analysis.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 348-355
Publish at: 2018-10-01

Comparative Analysis of Various Testing Techniques used for Aspect-Oriented Software System

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp51-60
Sandeep Dalal , Susheela Hooda
Nowadays, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) paradigm is getting more popularity in the field of software development. But testing an Aspect-oriented software system (AOSS) is not well matured. Therefore, many researchers have been focusing on testing an AOSS. Moreover, the literature indicates that very few papers have devoted to literature survey but still there is need to study in depth of various testing techniques used for AOSS. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive study of existing various testing techniques for AOSS have been conducted and present a comparative analysis result of various testing techniques based on various parameters.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 51-60
Publish at: 2018-10-01

A Comparative Analysis of Factor Effecting the Buying Judgement of Smart Phone

10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3057-3066
Rajni Bhalla , Amandeep Amandeep , Prateek Jain
Smart phone has various utilizations to various clients as per their necessities. With sensational rise in the usage of smart phone the individuals are considering different factors while purchasing a smart phone. This paper has put endeavor to reveal the fundamental factors which effect clients in picking up of the smart phone. A sample of 512 responses was taken through questionnaire. An organized questionnaire was planned with five point Likert scale was utilized to meeting respondent’s .Factor analysis and descriptive statistical tools were applied to extricate the basic variables influence cell phone acquiring choice. The result shows that the most important factors are physical attributes, apps and sounds while the less importance is given to other factors such as convenience, price which can also vary by age, service and gender. The future scope of this paper lies in the fact that whether age, occupation, gender makes any difference in purchasing decision of smart phone.
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Page: 3057-3066
Publish at: 2018-10-01
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