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30,547 Article Results

Predicting Smoking Behaviors among Junior High School Students in Ghana

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.15225
Emmanuel Thompson , Seidu Sofo
Despite the rising rate of smoking in sub-Sahara African countries, measures to control the tobacco epidemic have been limited to developed countries. The purpose of the present study was to recommend predictive models for determining predictors of smoking tendencies among junior high school students in Ghana. The 2009 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) served as the data source. The GYTS is a school-based survey designed to enhance the ability of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth and to guide the implementation and evaluation of tobacco control and prevention programs. Logit model and forward selection were used to choose predictive variables for smoking tendencies and behaviors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, Area under the curve (AUC) and C-Index were validation tools used to assess the predictive power of recommended models. Results showed promising potential for different predictive models: where students smoked, having friends who smoked, having people smoke in their presence, chewing tobacco products, and a student’s sex significantly predicted their smoking tendencies. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 223-230
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Real-time Application Framework for Web-Based Speech Recognition Using HTTP/2 and SSE

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1230-1238
Kalamullah Ramli , Asril Jarin , Suryadi Suryadi
The performance of network-based speech recognition application is mainly determined by the availability of all speech data received on the server and also the realtimeness in delivering the recognition results from the server. On the basis of full-duplex speech recognition application this paper proposes a real-time application framework for web speech recognition using HTTP/2 protocol and Sender-Sent Events (SSE). A number of experiments were performed to compare the latency of both the application using HTTP/2 plus SSE and the full-duplex application using WebSocket. The results showed that the proposed framework offers better alternative for a web-based speech recognition than the framework using WebSocket.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1230-1238
Publish at: 2018-12-01

LBtrans-Bot: A Latin-to-Balinese Script Transliteration Robotic System based on Noto Sans Balinese Font

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1247-1256
Gede Indrawan , Ni Nyoman Harini Puspita , I Ketut Paramarta , Sariyasa Sariyasa
Balinese script writing, as one of Balinese cultural richness, is going to extinct because of its decreasing use. This research is one of the ways to preserve Balinese script writing using technological approach. Through collaboration between Computer Science and Balinese Language discipline, this research focused on the development of a Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration robotic system that was called LBtrans-Bot. LBtrans-Bot can be used as a learning system to give the transliteration knowledge as one aspect of Balinese script writing. In this research area, LBtrans-Bot was known as the first system that utilize Noto Sans Balinese font and was developed based on the identified seventeen kinds of special word. LBtrans-Bot consists of the transliterator web application, the transceiver console application, and the robotic arm with its GUI controller application. The transliterator used the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern, where each of them was implemented by using MySQL database (as the repository for the words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word), HTML, PHP, CSS, and Bootstrap (mostly for the User Interface responsive design), and JavaScript (mostly for the transliteration algorithm and as the controller between the Model and the View). Dictionary data structure was used in the transliterator memory as a place to hold data (words) from the Model. The transceiver used batch script and AutoIt script to receive and trasmit data from the transliterator to the GUI controller, which control the Balinese script writing of the robotic arm. The robotic arm with its GUI controller used open-source mDrawBot Arduino Robot Building platform. Through the experiment, LBtrans-Bot has been able to write the 34-pixel font size of the Noto Sans Balinese font from HTML 5 canvas that has been setup with additional 10-pixel length of the width and the height of the Balinese script writing area. Its transliterator gave the accuracy result up to 91% (138 of 151) testing cases of The Balinese Alphabet writing rules and examples document by Sudewa. This transliterator result outperformed the best result of the known existing transliterator based on Bali Simbar font, i.e. Transliterasi Aksara Bali, that only has accuracy up to 68% (103 of 151) cases of the same testing document. In the future work, LBtrans-Bot could be improved by: 1) Accommodating more complex Balinese script with trade off to the limited writing area of robotic system; 2) Enhancing its transliterator to accommodating the rules and/or examples from the testing document that recently cannot be handled or gave incorrect transliteration result; enriching the database consists of words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word; and implementing semantic relation transliteration.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1247-1256
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Design of Compact Dual Band Circular Polarized Micro-strip Antenna for High Efficiency WLAN 802.11ax-2019

10.11591/ijict.v7i3.pp135-140
Syed Muhammad Ali
Design of antennas for the latest upcoming standards of WLANs is considered as a key challenge in the science of Mobile Communication Engineering. Micro strip antennas are supposed to have some quality features in mobile and wireless network systems. Their weight and size are reduced and they are capable of having low power capacity. All these interesting features enabled these type of antennas suitable for the communication of IEEE 802.11ax-2019 high speed WLANs. Shape of these antennas can be designed in an efficient manner to achieve required gain and bandwidth. In this paper the concept of circular polarization has been introduced along with compact design of antennas in order to achieve return loss and axial ratio of less than -10 dB and 3dB respectively. Antenna has been designed and simulated on CST MW studio software and usage of dual bands 2.4 and 5.2GHz having circular polarization is properly elucidated for 802.11ax-2019.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 135-140
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases among Adults of 25-65 Years at Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14495
Monicah Njambi Kibe , Gordon Nguka , Silvenus Konyole
In Kenya the growing number of premature deaths with half of all hospital admissions and 33% of all deaths are associated with Non-communicable diseases. The study determined the physical measurements and lipid parameters of adults 25-65 years at Kakamega County General Hospital. Data was collected using the WHO STEPs Instrument: Physical measurements assessed were Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Waist Hip measurements, Body mass Index and blood pressure. The study significance level was 0.05.  Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used. χ2 test of independence was used to find out the relationship between anthropometric measurements and lipid parameters. Data was presented in form of tables, figures and texts. There was a significant relationship between BMI and Triglycerideχ2 (12, N=60)= 25.752 P=0.012, BMI and LDLχ2(8,N=60)=19.312 p=0.013, BMI and Total Cholesterol χ2(8, N=60)=18.694 p=0.017, MUAC and HDL χ2(4, N=60) =14.446 p=0.006, WHR and Total Cholesterol χ2(2, N=60)=17.985 p=0.000, WHR and LDL χ2(2, N=60)=15.246p=0.000. The study advocated for policies to reduce the incidences of risk factors for NCDs which will assist in achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. Kenyan population are in need of screening for risks associated with NCDs.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 274-282
Publish at: 2018-12-01

The Effects of Segmentation Techniques in Digital Image Based Identification of Ethiopian Paper Currency

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1106-1110
Solomon Wondaya Guangul
Paper and coin are the two most common currencies in all over the world. In Ethiopia also paper and coin currency are used for medium of exchange. This paper presents the comparative study of segmentation techniques towards Ethiopian paper currency classification. Otsu, FCM and K-means segmentation techniques are considered for this study and BPNN is used for classification of currencies. For the classification, images are collected from commercial bank of Ethiopia and Dashen Bank; for our data set, a total of 500 images samples were collected. From these images, 91.2% accuracy is achieved when Otsu segmentation is used on BPNN with TANH learning function.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1106-1110
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Comparison of Shielding Effectiveness in Complex Curved Structure with Different Numerical Methods, FDTD, MOM and Equivalent Circuit

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1010-1019
Amir hossein Poursoltan mohammadi , M. chehel Amirani , Faghihi Faghihi
The study of the effect of shielding on high frequency equipment is very important in the electromagnetic compatibility of control and communication equipment. In this paper, while presenting a curved complex structure for the shielding enclosure, the different number of apertures with different dimensions has been investigated. A rectangular structure with two curved parts behind of the enclosure simulated based on numerical methods, FDTD, MOM and equivalent circuit for better analysis of electromagnetic interference. After introducing the proposed structure and presenting the curvature theory, simulation results are displayed and compared in the selected frequency range for three numerical methods. It has been shown that increasing the number of apertures by reducing the size, increases the effectiveness of the protective shield. However, increasing the number of resonances by increasing the apertures indicates the importance of studying the equipment more precisely before choosing the structure of enclosure. We present a complex structure for the enclosure and the different number and dimensions of apertures with different materials were investigated for analyzing the effect of shielding on electromagnetic interference. The necessity of choosing a more effective enclosure according to the frequency of the equipment is specified. Finally, three methods of numerical solution, FDTD, MOM and circuit equal comparition were performed with measured value. Changes in the Shielding effectiveness and the number of resonant in the frequency range were determined. The exact examination of equipment requires shielding and their frequency and the type of inside-to-outside communication device before choosing shieldin is important. We used a comparison of three numerical solution methods for examining the field distribution in a complex structure enclosure with different apertures and different materials. In the majority of cases, the proximity of the measured values in this frequency range with the MOM curves shows the performance of this method in complex structures.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1010-1019
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Mother in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.15765
Nanik Setiyawati , Niken Meilani
Cervical cancer was one of the global commitments in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Cervical cancer represents 7.5% of all deaths caused by cancer in women. The method to screening cervical cancer is pap smear test and Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) test.  Indonesia is the second country in the world has the most cervical cancer cases. This study aims to determine the behavior of cervical cancer prevention on housewives. This is kuantitatif research with cross sectional design. The subjects of this study were housewives in the Kota Yogyakarta and Sleman regency amounting to 350 people. The analysis used is univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that there were 45.1% of mothers' have did the implementation of VIA. There is a relationship of education (p = 0.024), level of knowledge (p = 0.036), and maternal attitudes with cervical cancer prevention behavior. There were no correlation between age (p = 0), parity (p = 0.816), and family income (p = 0.174) with the mother's behavior in the implementation of theVIA’s test. Multivariate analysis showed maternal attitude (CI = 0.335-0.788) that affect the behavior of the VIA.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 254-259
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Flexible Configuration of Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring of Rainfall-Induced Landslide

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1030-1036
Quoc-Anh Gian , Duc-Tan Tran , Dinh-Chinh Nguyen , Tien Dieu Bui
Establishment of wireless sensor network for Monitoring and Early Warning System (MEWS) of rainfall-induced landslide is still a challenging task due to problems of energy consumption. This research aim is to propose a new flexible system for the configuration of MEWS for rainfall-induced landslides. The proposed system is an integration a star topology and a tree topology, in which, the star topology is automatically used for the sensor nodes around the gateway node, whereas the tree topology is adopted for the other nodes. Consequently, the proposed configuration method is flexible and capable to save the energy consumption in the MEWS. Experiment result showed that the performance of the MEWS with the proposed method Wireless Sensor Network is better than those from the systems only use the tree topology or the star topology. The result of this study is useful for designing WSN for MEWS of rainfall-induced landslides.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1030-1036
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Risk Factors of Drug Abuse among Adolescence

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14261
Liena Sofiana , Suci Musvita Ayu , Marsiana Wibowo , Erni Gustina , Satriawan Jaohandhy Muhtori
Yogyakarta City, which is known as the center of education is a potential place for drug abuser to distribute illegal substance to the youth. It is evident in the great number of drug users in Yogyakarta City, in which 50% of them are adolescents and university students. The research aimed to know the relationships predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors and the drug abuse among adolescents in Yogyakarta City. The research employed cross sectional design. The samples were taken using multistage random cluster sampling. The data were taken through questionnaire given to 481 youth, at the age of 15-19 years in 18 senior high school and the equals in Yogyakarta City. The data were then analyzed using Chi Square test. Attitude, self-confidence, family role, and peer’s role are related to drug abuse. Knowledge, information sources, and teacher’s role are not related to drug abuse. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 260-267
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Intelligent Sensing Using Metal Oxide Semiconductor Based-on Support Vector Machine for Odor Classification

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4133-4147
Nyayu Latifah Husni , Siti Nurmaini , Irsyadi Yani , Ade Silvia
Classifying odor in real experiment presents some challenges, especially the uncertainty of the odor concentration and dispersion that can lead to a difficulty in obtaining an accurate datasets. In this study, to enhance the accuracy, datasets arrangement based on MOS sensors parameters using SVM approach for odor classification is proposed. The sensors are tested to determine the sensors' time response, sensors' peak duration, sensors' sensitivity, and sensors' stability when applied to the various sources at different range. Three sources were used in experimental test, namely: ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The gas sensors characteristics are analyzed in open sampling method to see the sensors' performance in real situation. These performances are considered as the base of choosing the position in collecting the datasets. The sensors in dynamic experiment have average of precision of 93.8-97.0%, the accuracy 93.3-96.7%, and the recall 93.3-96.7%. This values indicates that the collected datasets can support the SVM in improving the intelligent sensing when conducting odor classification work.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4133-4147
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Novel Technique for Tuning PI -controller In Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Transportation Systems

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4272-4281
Mohamed Yaich , Moez Ghariani
This paper presents, an optimal basic speed controller for switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on ant colony optimization (ACO) with the presence of good accuracies and performances. The control mechanism consists of proportional-integral (PI) speed controller in the outer loop and hysteresis current controller in the inner loop for the three phases, 6/4 switched reluctance motor. Because of nonlinear characteristics of a SRM, ACO algorithm is employed to tune coefficients of PI speed controller by minimizing the time domain objective function. Simulations of ACO based control of SRM are carried out using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. The behavior of the proposed ACO has been estimated with the classical Ziegler- Nichols (ZN) method in order to prove the proposed approach is able to improve the parameters of PI chosen by ZN method. Simulations results confirm the better behavior of the optimized PI controller based on ACO compared with optimized PI controller based on classical Ziegler-Nichols method.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4272-4281
Publish at: 2018-12-01

FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network for Enhancing Key Management

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4684-4692
Jyoti Metan , K. N. Narashinha Murthy
An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4684-4692
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Cross Layer Solution for Energy and Delay Optimization in MANETs

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4745-4754
Bhagyashri R. Hanji , Rajashree Shettar
A novel method for packet forwarding in MANETs has been proposed in this paper. A node in the network acts as both host and router. Energy utilization of the node increases as all nodes in MANET operate as source, destination, and router to forward packets to the next hop ultimately to reach destination. Routers execute a variety of functions from simple packet classification for forwarding to complex payload revision. As the number of tasks and complexity increases, processing time required also increases resulting in significant processing delay in routers. The proposed work optimizes packet header at transport and network layer by calculating Unique Identifier using pairing function for the fields which do not change for a source–destination pair. This technique optimizes the processing cost of each packet header thereby conserving energy and reducing delay. It also simplifies the task of system administration. This paper elucidates an extension to basic AODV protocol, allowing routing of most packets without an explicit header, reducing the overhead of the protocol while still conserving its basic properties. The proposed method improves the network performance significantly compared to AODV, MTPR, and S-AODV protocol.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4745-4754
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Design Consideration for Planar Inverted Fractal Antenna to Minimize Length-Dependent Specific Absorption Rate

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1171-1178
Akramul Haque , Sheikh Alimur Razi , Nur Mohammad , Md. Shamsul Arifin , Quazi Delwar Hossain
This paper presents a numerical solution to minimize electromagnetic radiation from a Planar Inverted Fractal Antenna (PIFA) used in cellular phone. The PIFA is simulated using a semiconductor substrate having a dielectric constant of 3.38. The height of the dielectric substrate is 0.813 mm. The designed antenna is simulated at a broad range of microwave frequency spectrum used in cellular communication. A 50-ohm probe of 0.5 mm radius perpendicular to the ground substrate plate is used as a feeding medium. The antenna performance is evaluated for three different lengths keeping all other parameters constant. Simulation results show that the intended PIFA having a length of 20 mm can be used effectively to reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of radiation. Moreover, the reflection coefficient was found to be minimal 0.1569 at 20 mm antenna length which is determined by characteristic impedance relation. Therefore, this investigation of minimizing the radiation absorption can be considered during the implementation phase of various cellular antennas to avoid radiation-related health hazards.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1171-1178
Publish at: 2018-12-01
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