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27,404 Article Results

Control of an Autonomous Hybrid Microgrid as Energy Source for a Small Rural Village

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp86-99
Americo Joaquim Lampiao , Tomonobu Senjyu , Atsushi Yona
Nowadays, the exhaustion of electricity power in rural areas is becoming an important issue for many African Nations. Moreover, challenges include the high cost of extending the power grid to these locations, the economic health of the utilities and lack of revenue in impoverished villages. Numerous new initiatives are being implemented in the countries some of them co-financed by international organizations. In this paper, the hybrid microgrid is carried out as a feasible solution for a small rural village. A model of hybrid microgrid consisting of combination of photovoltaic (PV) panels and battery energy storage (BES) and a control system for managing the components of entire system to feed the village as local load is proposed. The control system must avoid the interruptions of power delivered to the consumers (village) and, therefore, good quality and reliability of system is required. The PI controllers are used to regulate the voltage and current using three-phase dq transformation, while the parameters are determined using Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results given by the Matlab/SimPowerSystems environment.  
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 86-99
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of Distance between Nodes in Wireless Mesh Networks

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp309-315
Shivan Qasim Ameen , Ravie Chandren Muniyandi
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 309-315
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Serious Games Adaptation According to the Learner’s Performances

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp451-459
Amine Belahbib , Lotfi Elaachak , Mohamed Bouhorma , Othman Bakkali Yedri , Slimani Abdelali , Elouaai Fatiha
Basically, serious games provides enjoyment and knowledge, several researches in this field have focused into joining these two proprieties and make the best balance between them, in order, to provide the best game and enjoyable game experience and ensure the learning of the needed knowledge. Players differ and their knowledge background can be a lot different from one to the other. This study focused on how the SG adapts and provide the needed knowledge and enjoyment. The game should analyze players behavior from different angles, thus it can add difficulty, information, immersion or enjoyment modules to fit the player skills/knowledge.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 451-459
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Performance Analysis of Post Compensated Long Haul High Speed Coherent Optical OFDM System

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp160-168
Divya Dhawan , Neena Gupta
This paper addresses the performance analysis of OFDM transmission system based on coherent detection over high speed long haul optical links with high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Post compensation is used to compensate for phase noise effects. Coherent detection for signal transmitted at bit rate of 40 Gbps is successfully achieved up to distance of 3200km. Performance is analyzed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Error Vector Magnitude by varying Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and varying the length of the fiber i.e transmission distance. Transmission performance is also observed through constellation diagrams at different transmission distances and different OSNRs.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 160-168
Publish at: 2017-02-01

PC-APC Schemes in Multipath Diversity System to Get Higher Throughput

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp337-343
Sanjit Ningthoujam , Manash Pratim Dutta , Subhasish Banerjee , Chandan T. Bhunia , Swarnendu K. Chakraborty
This paper is studied about a new protocol of Packet combining (PC) and Aggressive Packet Combining Scheme (APC) in multipath diversity system to get higher throughput. In the proposed protocol of PC and APC schemes, two and three copies of a packet are sent in two and three paths. If either of the copies is received without any erroneous then select the correct one and discard all other copies.  Again if all copies are found as erroneous then combine the erroneous copies and perform XOR operation in case of PC and bit by bit majority logic in case of APC in order to get the original copy. The paper is implemented using Mat lab and found that new proposed protocols are getting higher throughput and probability of receiving successful packet at the receiver side. Thus, performance of error prone wireless network can be improved by applying either PC or APC in multipath diversity system.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 337-343
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Context Sensitive Search String Composition Algorithm using User Intention to Handle Ambiguous Keywords

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp432-450
Uma Gajendragadkar , Sarang Joshi
Finding the required URL among the first few result pages of a search engine is still a challenging task. This may require number of reformulations of the search string thus adversely affecting user's search time. Query ambiguity and polysemy are major reasons for not obtaining relevant results in the top few result pages. Efficient query composition and data organization are necessary for getting effective results. Context of the information need and the user intent may improve the autocomplete feature of existing search engines. This research proposes a Funnel Mesh-5 algorithm (FM5) to construct a search string taking into account context of information need and user intention with three main steps 1) Predict user intention with user profiles and the past searches via weighted mesh structure 2) Resolve ambiguity and polysemy of search strings with context and user intention 3) Generate a personalized disambiguated search string by query expansion encompassing user intention and predicted query. Experimental results for the proposed approach and a comparison with direct use of search engine are presented. A comparison of FM5 algorithm with K Nearest Neighbor algorithm for user intention identification is also presented. The proposed system provides better precision for search results for ambiguous search strings with improved identification of the user intention. Results are presented for English language dataset as well as Marathi (an Indian language) dataset of ambiguous search strings. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 432-450
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Performance Evaluation of GaN based Thin Film Transistor using TCAD Simulation

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp144-151
Shashi Kant Dargar , J K Srivastava , Santosh Bharti , Abha Nyati
As reported in past decades, gallium nitride as one of the most capable compound semiconductor, GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors are the focus of intense research activities in the area of high power, high-speed, and high-temperature transistors. In this paper we present a design and simulation of the GaN based thin film transistor using sentaurus TCAD for the extracting the electrical performance. The resulting GaN TFTs exhibits good electrical performance in the simulated results, including, a threshold voltage of 12-15 V, an on/off current ratio of 6.5×107 ~8.3×108, and a sub-threshold slope of 0.44V/dec. Sentaurus TCAD simulations is the tool  which offers study of comprehensive behavior of semiconductor structures with ease. The simulation results of the TFT structure based on gallium nitride active channel have great prospective in the next-generation flat-panel display applications.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 144-151
Publish at: 2017-02-01

A Study of Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Modules with Proposed P&O Checking Algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp29-40
Rozana Alik , Awang Jusoh , Tole Sutikno
Sun irradiation levels and associated temperature changes are the main factors that influence the conversion of solar energy into electricity. Most energy is produced during a hot sunny day as the sun irradiation is at the maximum level and uniform throughout the solar photovoltaic (PV). However, most solar PV were frequently get shadowed, completely or partially, by the neighbouring buildings, trees and passing clouds. Consequently, the solar PV has lower voltage and current output; hence, multiple maximum power points (MPP) are existed on the PV curve, which could cause confusion to the conventional Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) to track the true MPP for the PV system. Thus, it is important to examine the impacts of partial shading on the solar PV in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents a MATLAB-based modelling for simulation and experimental setup to study the I-V and P-V characteristics of a solar module under a non-uniform irradiation due to partial shading condition (PSC).  Furthermore, this study is also proposed an effective method (a variable step size of P&O with checking algorithm) that is low cost and higher tracking efficiency. Thus, this study is essential in improving and evaluating any new MPPT algorithm under the PSC.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 29-40
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Fuel Cell Impedance Model Parameters Optimization using a Genetic Algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp184-193
Mohamed Sélmene Ben Yahia , Hatem Allagui , Arafet Bouaicha , Abdelkader Mami
The objective of this paper is the PEM fuel cell impedance model parameters identification. This work is a part of a larger work which is the diagnosis of the fuel cell which deals with the optimization and the parameters identification of the impedance complex model of the Nexa Ballard 1200 W PEM fuel cell. The method used for the identification is a sample genetic algorithm and the proposed impedance model is based on electric parameters, which will be found from a sweeping of well determined frequency bands. In fact, the frequency spectrum is divided into bands according to the behavior of the fuel cell. So, this work is considered a first in the field of impedance spectroscopy So, this work is considered a first in the field of impedance spectroscopy. Indeed, the identification using genetic algorithm requires experimental measures of the fuel cell impedance to optimize and identify the impedance model parameters values. This method is characterized by a good precision compared to the numeric methods. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of this approach.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 184-193
Publish at: 2017-02-01

A Vertical Handover Algorithm in Integrated Macrocell Femtocell Networks

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp299-308
Suman Deswal , Anita Singhrova
The explosion in wireless telecommunication technologies has lead to a huge increase in the number of mobile users. The greater dependency on the mobile devices has raised the user’s expectations to always remain best connected. In the process, the user is always desiring good signal strength even at certain black spots and indoors. Moreover, the exponential growth of the number of mobile devices has overloaded macrocells. Femtocells have emerged out as a good promising solution for complete coverage indoors and for offloading macrocell. Therefore, a new handover strategy between femtocells and macrocell is proposed in this paper. The proposed handover algorithm is mainly based on calculating equivalent received signal strength along with dynamic margin for performing handover. The simulation results of proposed algorithm are compared with the traditional algorithm. The proposed strategy shows improvement in two major performance parameters namely reduction in unnecessary handovers and Packet Loss Ratio. The quantitative analysis further shows 55.27% and 23.03% reduction in packet loss ratio and 61.85% and 36.78% reduction in unnecessary handovers at a speed of 120kmph and 30kmph respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm proves to be an efficient solution for both slow and fast moving vehicles.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 299-308
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Offine/online Optimum Routing of a UAV using Auxiliary Points

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp392-401
Abbas Fadavi , Ali Beheshti , Pedram Kermani
This paper presents a method to determine the route of a three-dimensional UAV. Three criteria; the height, the length of flight path and the unauthorized areas are used as the constraints and combined in a fuzzy function as the evaluation function. The article aimed to discover a minimum cost route from source to destination considering the constrains. In this paper a new searching method is proposed, with use of auxiliary points. The auxiliary point method iteratively divides a straight line to two shorter lines with less cost of evaluation function. Implementation results show that the proposed method dramatically decreases the calculations; meanwhile the ight route is sub-optimum.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 392-401
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Review on Localization based Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp536-541
Mukhtiar Ahmed , Mazleena Salleh , M.Ibrahim Channa , Mohd Foad Rohani
Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) can enable many scientific, military, safety, commercial and environmental applications. Majority of the network models has been introduced for the deployment of sensor nodes through routing schemes and methodologies along with different algorithms but still the design of routing protocol for underwater environment is a challenging issue due to distinctive characteristics of underwater medium. The majority of the issues are also needed to fulfill the appropriate approach for the underwater medium like limited bandwidth, high bit error rates, propagation delay, and 3D deployment. This paper focuses the comparative analysis of the localization based routing protocols for UWSN. This comparative analysis plays a significant attention to construct a reliable routing protocol, which provides the effectual discovery of the route between the source node and the sink node. In addition this comparative analysis also focuses the data packets forwarding mechanism, the deployment of sensor nodes and location based routing for UWSN in different conditions.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 536-541
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Active Power Line Conditioners for Minimizing Power Quality Problems

10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i2.pp267-276
Swathisriranjani M , Mohananthini K , Ranjitha M , Baskar S , Kavitha D
In this paper, a problem of allocation and sizing of multiple active power-line conditioners (aplcs) in power systems is handled with novel formulation. The utilized objective function comprises two main factors such as reduction of total harmonic distortion and the total cost of active power-line conditioners (aplcs). The formulated problem is solved by optimization technique SHUFFLE FROG LEAP ALGORITHM(SHFLA) using MATLAB. To evaluate the competence of the proposed formulation, the IEEE 18-bus  distorted distribution test system is employed and investigated with various number of aplcs placement. These cases are based on the discrete and limited size for aplcs, requiring the optimization method to solve the constrained and discrete nonlinear problems. The comparison of results in this paper showed that the proposed SHFLA is the most effective result among others in determining optimum location and size of APLC in distribution systems.
Volume: 5
Issue: 2
Page: 267-276
Publish at: 2017-02-01

A New Proposal for OFCC-based Instrumentation Amplifier

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp134-143
Deva Nand , Neeta Pandey
This contribution puts forward a new voltage mode instrumentation amplifier (VMIA) based on operational floating current conveyor (OFCC). It presents high impedance at input terminals and provides output at low impedance making the proposal ideal for voltage mode operation. The proposed VMIA architecture has two stages - the first stage comprises of two OFCCs to sense input voltages and coverts the voltage difference to current while the second stage has single OFCC that converts the current to voltage. In addition it employs two resistors to provide gain and imposes no condition on the values of resistors.  The behavior of the proposed structure is also analyzed for OFCC non idealities namely finite transimpedance and tracking error. The proposal is verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based schematic of OFCC. Experimental results, by bread boarding it using commercially available IC AD844, are also included.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 134-143
Publish at: 2017-02-01

Comparison of Three Segmentation Methods for Breast Ultrasound Images based on Level Set and Morphological Operations

10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp383-391
Dewi Putrie Lestari , Sarifuddin Madenda , Ernastuti Ernastuti , Eri Prasetyo Wibowo
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women all over the world. The most frequently used diagnosis tool to detect breast cancer is ultrasound. However, to segment the breast ultrasound images is a difficult thing. Some studies show that the active contour models have been proved to be the most successful methods for medical image segmentation. The level set method is a class of curve evolution methods based on the geometric active contour model. Morphological operation describes a range of image processing technique that deal with the shape of features in an image. Morphological operations are applied to remove imperfections that introduced during segmentation. In this paper, we have evaluated three level set methods that combined with morphological operations to segment the breast lesions. The level set methods that used in our research are the Chan Vese (C-V) model, the Selective Binary and Gaussian Filtering Regularized Level Set (SBGFRLS) model and the Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution (DRLSE) model. Furthermore, to evaluate the method, we compared the segmented breast lesion that obtained by each method with the lesion that obtained manually by radiologists. The evaluation is done by four metrics: Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), True-Positive Ratio (TPR), True-Negative Ratio (TNR), and Accuracy (ACC). Our experimental results with 30 breast ultrasound images showed that the C-V model that combined with morphological operations have better performance than the other two methods according to mean value of DSC metrics.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 383-391
Publish at: 2017-02-01
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