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29,922 Article Results

Switchable Wideband Metamaterial Absorber and AMC reflector for X-band Applications and Operations

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.9065
M. M.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Gajibo , M. K. A.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Rahim , N. A.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Murad , O.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ayop , H. A.; Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Majid
A single layered metamaterial structure with capabilities of switching from a wideband metamaterial absorber to an AMC reflector and vice versa is presented in this paper. A flame retardant 4 substrate with physical thickness of 1.60mm was used. The absorption rate, reflection rate, reflection phase and surface current distribution were studied and discussed. The operational incidental wave angles were varied from 0o to 65o. A peak reflection of about 90% was achieved at 11.20 GHz with a usable bandwidth (-90 to +90) of 3.01 GHz by the AMC reflector. The metamaterial absorber demonstrated a wideband performance (from 8.10 GHz to 14.30 GHz). It achieved 100% absorption at 11.20 GHz and not less than 65
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1535-1541
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Nanometric Modelization of Gas Structure, Multidimensional using COMSOL Software

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2014-2020
I. Bouneb , F. Kerrour
In structures with GaAs, which are the structures most used, because of their physical and electronic proprieties, nevertheless seems a compromise between the increase of doping and reduced mobility. The use of quantum hetero structures can overcome this limitation by creating a 2D carrier gas. Using the COMSOL software this work present three models: the first model computes the electronic states for the heterojunction AlGaAs/GaAs in 1D dimension, the second model computes the electronic states for the heterojunction AlGaAs/GaAs but in 2D dimension (nanowire) and the third model we permitted the study of this hetero junction (steep) wich inevitably involves the resolution of the system of equations Schrödinger-Poisson due to quantum effects that occur at the interface. The validity of this model can be effectuated with a comparison of our results with the result of different models developed in the literature of the related work, from this point of view the validity of our model is confirmed.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2014-2020
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Identifying Citronella Plants From UAV Imagery Using Support Vector Machine

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.7450
Candra; Brawijaya University Dewi , Achmad; Brawijaya University Basuki
High-resolution imagery taken from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is now often used as an alternative in monitoring the agronomic plants compared to satellite imagery. This paper presents a method to identify Citronella among other plants based on UAV imagery. The method utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify Citronella among other plants according to the extraction of texture feature. The implementation of the method was evaluated using two group of datasets: 1) consists of Citronella, Kaffir Lime, other green plants, vacant soil, and buildings, and 2) consists of Citronella and paddy rice plants. The evaluation results show that the proposed method can identify Citronella on the first group of datasets with an accuracy 94.23% and Kappa value 88.48%, whereas on the second group of datasets with an accuracy 100% and Kappa value 100%.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1877-1885
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Determining Best Window Size for an Improved Gabor Transform in EMG Signal Analysis

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.9049
E.F.; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Shair , S.A.; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Ahmad , A.R.; Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Abdullah , M.H.; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Marhaban , S.B. Mohd; Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Tamrin
Electromyography EMG is a standout amongst the most regularly utilized tools to study human muscle condition. But due to the intricate attributes of the EMG itself, time-frequency distributions such as Gabor transform and spectrogram are more preferred than the simpler time distribution and frequency distribution. These techniques have been broadly utilized as it can provide both time and frequency information. However, both techniques have a fix window size for all frequency values, thus there exist a problem of determination of the window size, where excessively limit window and too wide window, will result in poor frequency resolution and time resolution, respectively. Along these lines, the point of this study is to choose the best window size so as to be utilized with Gabor transform to screen human muscle activity during core-lifting task. Four electrodes were placed on the right and left biceps brachii, and left and right erector spinae. In this study, the results of five acceptable window sizes (300, 400, 430, 450 and 520) were shown, despite the fact that other window sizes were also tested. Three criteria have been considered during the determination of the best window size, which are good time resolution, good frequency resolution, and high accuracy. Results demonstrate that window size of 450 is the best compared to others. As an additional analysis, the result is compared to a spectrogram and it can be seen that Gabor transform is better, as it has the flexibility in choosing the window size, thus affects the resolution and accuracy.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1650-1658
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Evaluation of Color Models for Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch Ripeness Classification

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp549-557
Nurbaity Sabri , Zaidah Ibrahim , Dino Isa
This paper investigates the application of eight color models for automatic palm oil Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) ripeness classification with multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM).  Ripeness classification is important during harvesting to ensure that they are harvested during the correct ripe stage for optimum oil production.  Since color is a significant indicator for agriculturists to determine the ripeness of FFB, it is critical to determine the right color model. Eight color models have been investigated namely, HSV, I1I2I3, LAB, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YUV and RGB. Color moments were extracted from each of these color models for the classification of four stages of FFB ripeness that are unripe, under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe.  A database of five hundred images of palm oil FFB has been constructed and experiments showed that YCbCr and YUV outperform the other color models.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 549-557
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Angular Symmetric Axis Constellation Model for Off-line Odia Handwritten Characters Recognition

10.11591/ijict.v7i2.pp96-104
Pyari Mohan Jena , Soumya Ranjan Nayak
Optical character recognition is one of the emerging research topics in the field of image processing, and it has extensive area of application in pattern recognition. Odia handwritten script is the most research concern area because it has eldest and most likable language in the state of odisha, India. Odia character is a usually handwritten, which was generally occupied by scanner into machine readable form. In this regard several recognition technique have been evolved for variance kind of languages but writing pattern of odia character is just like as curve appearance; Hence it is more difficult for recognition. In this article we have presented the novel approach for Odia character recognition based on the different angle based symmetric axis feature extraction technique which gives high accuracy of recognition pattern. This empirical model generates a unique angle based boundary points on every skeletonised character images. These points are interconnected with each other in order to extract row and column symmetry axis. We extracted feature matrix having mean distance of row, mean angle of row, mean distance of column and mean angle of column from centre of the image to midpoint of the symmetric axis respectively. The system uses a 10 fold validation to the random forest (RF) classifier and SVM for feature matrix. We have considered the standard database on 200 images having each of 47 Odia character and 10 Odia numeric for simulation. As we have noted outcome of simulation of SVM and RF yields 96.3% and 98.2% accuracy rate on NIT Rourkela Odia character database and 88.9% and 93.6% from ISI Kolkata Odia numerical database.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 96-104
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Distributed Control System Applied in Temperatur Control by Coordinating Multi-loop Controllers

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.3135
Edi; Bandung State Polytechnic Rakhman , Feriyonika; Bandung State Polytechnic Feriyonika
In Distributed Control System (DCS), multitasking management has been important issues continuously researched and developed. In this paper, DCS was applied in global temperature control system by coordinating three Local Control Units (LCUs). To design LCU’s controller parameters, both analytical and experimental method were employed. In analytical method, the plants were firstly identified to get their transfer functions which were then used to derive control parameters based on desired response qualities. The experimental method (Ziegler-Nichols) was also applied due to practicable reason in real industrial plant (less mathematical analysis). To manage set-points distributed to all LCUs, master controller was subsequently designed based on zone of both error and set-point of global temperature controller. Confirmation experiments showed that when using control parameters from analytical method, the global temperature response could successfully follow the distributed set-points with 0% overshoot, 193.92 second rise time, and 266.88 second settling time. While using control parameters from experimental method, it could also follow the distributed set-points with presence of overshoot (16.9%), but has less rise time and settling time (111.36 and 138.72 second). In this research, the overshoot could be successfully decreased from 16.9 to 9.39 % by changing master control rule. This proposed method can be potentially applied in real industrial plant due to its simplicity in master control algorithm and presence of PID controller which has been generally included in today industrial equipments.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1568-1576
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Measurement of Shear Strain in Map Liquefaction Area for Earthquake Mitigation in Bengkulu City

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.8043
Muhammad; Bengkulu University Farid , Arif Ismul; Bengkulu University Hadi
Bengkulu city is well-known as a high-risk area for an earthquake. One of the effects of the earthquake is liquefaction, the phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of the soil are reduced by shock. The researchers measured the quantity of liquefaction by knowing the value of Vs30 values that can be obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). In this study, however, we measured liquefaction based on the shear strain value (γ). Here, the shear strain values could be determined by measuring the seismic vulnerability index and the peak ground acceleration. The vulnerability index was obtained by measuring the resonance of the frequency and the amplification factor using a short period seismometer with 3 components (2 horizontal components and 1 vertical component), whereas the peak ground accelerationα was obtained from the earthquake data that happened in Bengkulu City in 2000. The result showed that Vs30 and shear strain negatively correlated.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1597-1606
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Specific Absorption Rate Assessment of Multiple Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.9041
Nur Ilham Aliyaa; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ishak , Norhudah; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Seman , Noor Asmawati; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Samsuri
Interaction between electromagnetic field (EMF) radiated from multiple antennas and human body is crucial to be explored as multiple antennas are the essential implemented devices to achieve the requirements of the future evolved fifth generation (5G) technology. Thus, this article presents a significant study of the radiated EMF effect from a single, and multiple antennas towards human through the assessment of specific absorption rate (SAR). The single antenna, 1 x 2, 1 x 3 and 1 x 4 arrays of microstrip patch antennas are designed to cover mobile operating frequencies of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 GHz. Two types of human head phantoms are implemented in this study, which are specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and Voxel head model that placed close to single antenna or antenna array to investigate the penetration of EMF towards the human tissue. The single antenna or antenna array is placed with fixed distance of 10 mm from the phantom, which excited by maximum allowable power of 19 dBm in CST Microwave Studio 2016. The effect of the radiated EMF that quantified by SAR parameter, which depicts satisfying results against the established standard limits at averaged 1g and 10g mass of tissues for all designated frequencies that utilized for single and multiple antennas.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1500-1507
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Implementation of Robust Tracking Algorithm on Nano-Computer

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp446-452
Khaled Hammemi , Mohamed Atri
In this work, we developed the NSSD-DT method, which allows us to track a target in a robust way. This method effectively overcomes the problems of geometrical deformation of the target, partial occlusion and allows recovery after the target leaves the field of view. The originality of our algorithm is based on a new model, which does not depend on a probabilistic process and does not require data-based beforehand. Experimental results on several difficult video sequences have proven performance benefits. The algorithm is implemented on a BCS 2835 system based on a quad core ARM processor, it is also compared to the software solution. NSSD-DT can be used in several applications such as video surveillance, active vision or industrial visual servoing.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 446-452
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Design of Electronic Nose System Using Gas Chromatography Principle and Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.7127
Anifatul; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Faricha , Suwito; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Suwito , M.; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Rivai , M.A.; Bogor Agricultural University Nanda , Djoko; Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Purwanto , Rizki Anhar; PGRI Adi Buana University R.P.
Most gases are odorless, colorless and also hazard to be sensed by the human olfactory system. Hence, an electronic nose system is required for the gas classification process. This study presents the design of electronic nose system using a combination of Gas Chromatography Column and a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW). The Gas Chromatography Column is a technique based on the compound partition at a certain temperature. Whereas, the SAW sensor works based on the resonant frequency change. In this study, gas samples including methanol, acetonitrile, and benzene are used for system performance measurement. Each gas sample generates a specific acoustic signal data in the form of a frequency change recorded by the SAW sensor. Then, the acoustic signal data is analyzed to obtain the acoustic features, i.e. the peak amplitude, the negative slope, the positive slope, and the length. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) method using the acoustic feature as its input parameters are applied to classify the gas sample. Radial Basis Function is used to build the optimal hyperplane model which devided into two processes i.e., the training process and the external validation process. According to the result performance, the training process has the accuracy of 98.7% and the external validation process has the accuracy of 93.3%. Our electronic nose system has the average sensitivity of 51.43 Hz/mL to sense the gas samples.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1457-1467
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Protecting Data by Improving Quality of Stego Image based on Enhanced Reduced difference Expansion

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2468-2476
Maurice Ntahobari , Tohari Ahmad
In this era of internet development, security of information sharing is the main problem faced by human being. Data hiding technique is one of the solutions. However, hiding credential information within a multimedia file such as image reduces its visual quality. Therefore, unauthorized users may suspect the existance of secret data within that image. In the past years, various data hiding algorithms have been developed by researchers to overcome the problem of high distortion of image after data embedding process. Achieving a high quality stego image, however, is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we proposed a new data hiding algorithm based on different expansion. It aims to enhance the quality of stego image for a given payload size. The new algorithm is evaluated on various medical images. Thereafter, the experimental results show that the visual quality is improved; and increasing the embedding capacity leads to more noises. Therefore, a better choice of base point and a reduced difference expansion affect the quality of stego image.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2468-2476
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Color Distribution Analysis for Ripeness Prediction of Golden Apollo Melon

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.8432
Usman; Bogor Agricultural University Ahmad , Dwi Pamungkas; Bogor Agricultural University Bermani , Mardison; Bogor Agricultural University Mardison
Human visual perception on color of melon fruit for ripeness judgement is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors, making the judgement is often inaccurate and inconsistent. The objective of this study is to develop an image processing algorithm that can be used for distinguishing ripe melons from unripe ones based on their skin color. The image processing algorithm could then be used as a pre-harvest tool to facilitate farmers with enough information for making decisions about whether or not the melon is ready to harvest. Four sample groups of Golden Apollo melon were harvested at four different age, with 55 fruits in each group. Using the color distribution as results of the image analysis, the first two groups of the samples can be separated from other groups with minimal overlap, but they cannot be separated in the other two groups. The color image analysis of the melons in combination with discriminant analysis could be used to distiguish between harvesting age groups with an average accuracy of 86%.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1659-1666
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Combining Two Models of Successful Information System Measurement

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.7737
Pualam Dipa; Universitas Bina Nusantara Nusantara , Nyoman Ayu; Universitas Bina Nusantara Gayatri , Martin; Universitas Bina Nusantara Suhartana
This paper purposes is to measure successful of Academic Advisory information system by combining two models of information system measurement. DeLone & McLean IS Success Model use to measure the successful of system while COBIT framework is to measure system maturity level. Result of this research showed that the successful of Academic Advisory IS affected by User Satifaction, Quality of Service, Quality of System while Maturity level at 3.7. The result also showed there’s a relation between level of maturity system with the success of system.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1793-1800
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Backtracking Search Optimization for Collaborative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.9058
N.N. Ahmad; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Nazri , N.N. Nik Abd; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malik , L.; Universite of Haute-Alsace Idoumghar , N.M. Abdul; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Latiff , S.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ali
Due to energy limitation and constraint in communication capabilities, the undesirable high battery power consumption has become one of the major issues in wireless sensor network (WSN). Therefore, a collaborative beamforming (CB) method was introduced with the aim to improve the radiation beampattern in order to compensate the power consumption. A CB is a technique which can increase the sensor node gain and performance by aiming at the desired objectives through intelligent capabilities. The sensor nodes were located randomly in WSN environment. The nodes were designed to cooperate among each other and act as a collaborative antenna array. The configuration of the collaborative nodes was modeled in circular array formation. The position of array nodes was determined by obtaining the optimum parameters pertaining to the antenna array which implemented by using Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA). The parameter considered in the project was the side-lobe level minimization. It was observed that, the suppression of side-lobe level for BSA was better compared to the radiation beampattern obtained for conventional uniform circular array.
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Page: 1801-1808
Publish at: 2018-08-01
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