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Malaria Disease Distribution in Sudan Using Time Series ARIMA Model

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4705
Mohammed Ibrahim Musa
Malaria is widely spread and distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Sudan is a sub-Saharan African country that is highly affected by malaria with 7.5 million cases and 35,000 deaths every year. The auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the spread of malaria in the Sudan. The ARIMA model used malaria cases from 2006 to 2011 as a training set, and data from 2012 as a testing set, and created the best model fitted to forecast the malaria cases in Sudan for years 2013 and 2014. The ARIMAX model was carried out to examine the relationship between malaria cases and climate factors with diagnostics of previous malaria cases using the least Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) values. The results indicated that there were four different models, the ARIMA model of the average for the overall states is (1,0,1)(0,1,1)12. The ARIMAX model showed that there is a significant variation between the states in Sudan.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 7-16
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Association of Men's Awareness of Danger Sign of Obstetric Complication and Male Involvement’s in Birth Preparedness Practices at South Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4713
Alemu Tamiso Debiso , Behailu Merdekios , Marelign Tilahun
The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) indicate that maternal mortality in Ethiopia is one of the highest in the world. This death toll can be prevented partially through increasing awareness on danger sign of obstetric complications and birth preparedness practices for mother, husbands and other family members. Community based cross sectional study was done. Adult males with a wife or partner who had been through childbirth in the preceding 36 months were included in the study. Data was collected by pretested structured questionnaires and multi stage cluster sampling was used to reach 845 samples which were calculated by using StatCalc program of Epi Info 7. Collected data was cleaned and entered in to Epi Info 7 and exported to SPSS (IBM-20) for further analysis. Hierarchical logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confident interval were used to show association between men awareness and birth preparedness practices. The total numbers of men interviewed were 836 that makes response rate of 98.9%. Severe abdominal pain (87%) was the most recognized danger sign during pregnancy and 17.9% men involve in saving money.  Forty two point two percent of men had awareness of danger sign and 9.4 %( 95% CI: (7.42, 11.4) of men involved in birth preparedness practice. Strong association between men awareness of danger sign of obstetric complications and involvements in birth preparedness practices persisted after adjusting for probable confounders. Thus respondents who had awareness of danger signs were two times (AOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.41) more likely to involve in preparedness practice than respondents who had no awareness of danger signs of obstetric complication. The prevalence of men awareness of danger sign & involvement in birth preparedness practice was very low.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 63-70
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Challenges in implementing dengue surveillance in Bantul District Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i1.24626
Fardhiasih Dwi Astuti , Vitri Widyaningsih , Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari , Achmad Arman Subijanto
The surveillance system is a source of information for policymaker to address the dengue outbreak. However, there was a lack of information on the effectiveness of dengue surveillance system in reporting the outbreak. This study aims to assess dengue surveillance activities in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, one of the districts with a high burden of dengue, to provide information on current effectiveness and need assessment for further improvement for dengue surveillance system. This qualitative study was conducted in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The assessment approach was based on the input-processoutput-outcome (IPOO) model. The study participants were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews. Eight program holder surveillance were interviewed based on the interview guide. The surveillance system in Bantul Regency already utilizes electronic reporting. Reporting cases of dengue uses the system for surveillance of outbreak events (SISKLB). Analysis and interpretation are done to monitor progress in cases. The follow-up evaluation ceses is vector control to prevent the spread of the case. The incidence of dengue is still higher than the national rate. The case fatality rate (CFR) for dengue is <1%; CFR has hit its target. The larvae-free rate hasn't reached its target yet. Optimizing electronic reporting can improve the quality of information used as a reference in decision-making. SISKLB was created for timely reporting and monitoring of dengue cases. Monitoring available data laboratory can be used as a quick response to take action to prevent an increase in cases.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page: 19-26
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4707
Nyi Mekar Saptarini , Irma Erika Herawati
Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC50 values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of Ficus benjamina was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC50 value of Annona reticulata was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the Ficus benjamina water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 21-26
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Mood Change of English, French and Chinese Immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4711
Ning Tang , Colin MacDougall
This multicultural study aimed at examining moodchange of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. 810 immigrants of English, French and Chinese speaking sub-groupswere recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding moodchange (moodstatus change and mood belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically for the different immigrant sub-groups. Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Mood Change Rates, Mood Improving Rates,Mood Declining Rates and MoodBelief Change Rates. There was no statistical difference between the ratesof immigrant sub-groups.Mood Change (MoodStatus Change + MoodBelief Change) was correlated positively with Mother Tongue and negatively with Speaking Languages. Mood Status  Change was negatively correlated with Marital Status and Highest Level of Education. Mother Tongue, Speaking Languages and Highest Level of Education significantly impacted MoodChange (Mood Status Change + Mood Belief Change). Marital Status and Highest Level of Education significantly influenced Mood Status Change. Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienceddifferentmoodchanges. Marital Status and Highest Level of Educationwerethe main factors impacting Mood Status Change. Mother Tongue and Speaking Languages werethe principal factors influencing Mood Belief Change. Culture was an important factor contributing Mood Change. Acculturation could impact Mood Status Change and Mood Belief Change. Data of immigrant mood change can provide evidence for health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 50-57
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Slots and Notches Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/view/4241
Ashish Singh , Kamakshi Kamakshi , Mohd. Aneesh , J.A. Ansari
In this article, the theoretical investigations are carried out on slots and notches loaded microstrip patch antenna for dual-band operations. The antenna parameters are calculated such as return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern. It is observed that antenna resonates at three distinct modes of frequencies of 1.490/1.953/2.941 GHz. The characteristics behaviors of the proposed antenna are compared with other coaxial fed microstrip patch antennas. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna at modes TM01 is 2.01 %( simulated) and 3.42 % (theoretical), TM02 is 1.10 %( simulated) and 3.81 % (theoretical) and TM03 is   1.01 % (simulated) and 4.80 % (theoretical). The theoretical results are compared with IE3D simulation results as well as reported experimental results and they are in close agreement. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3.7282 
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 584-594
Publish at: 2015-03-01

The Efficacy of The Integrated Child Development Services in Perspective to Nutritional Condition and Growth Development

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4706
Jemy Elizabeth Joseph , Shiju Mathew
A survey was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children (0-6 years) among 40 Anganwadis in 4 districts of Kerala State registered under the ICDS scheme. A self- prepared structured interview schedule was used. To get the qualitative information of the study anthropometric measures include height and weight were used for assessing nutritional status of the children. The stepwise analysis of two variables height for age and weight for age was applicable on the basis of Waterlow’s and Gomez’ classification. To examine the relationship between nutritional status of the child and selected variable that affects nutritional status of children, Chi-square test was employed. Based on Gomez’ classification, out of 400 children, only 300 (75.0%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of which 250 (62.5%) children were normal while 50 (12.5%) were underweight. Based on Waterlow’s classification out of 400 children, only 290 (72.5%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of these children 200 (50 %) were normal while 90 (22.5%) were stunted. It can thus be concluded that majority of children were normal who received supplementary nutrition through ICDS.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 17-20
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Antioxidant Activity of Some Selected East Borneo Plants

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4712
Islamudin Ahmad , Risky Sulistiarini , Laode Rijai
The native plants of East Borneo the Costus specious (Koening) J.E. Smith stem, Lagerstroema spesiosa Pers leaf, Cerbera mangans L leaf, Vitis trifolia L fruit., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser root, Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. leaf, Lygodium microphyllum, Bidens Chinensis Willd., Sonneratia caseolaris L. peel, Sonneratia caseolaris L. stem is almost under-explored for their potensial benefits. They were extracted by the solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were tested for their free radical activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The ethyl acetate extract of Costus spesiosus (Koening) J. E. Smith antioxidant were screnned concentration of 68 ppm, similarly athyl acetate extract of Vitis trivolia L., showed antioxidant activity at 64,30 ppm. As the ethyl acetate extract of Scurrulla atropurpurea (Blume), Brucea javanica (L.) Merr, Lygodium microphyllum and Sonneratia caseolaris L. stem, showed antioxidant activity at 273,52 ppm, 91,12 ppm, 17,39 ppm and 7,03 ppm. N-butanol extract of Lagerstroema spesiosa Pers, Cerbera mangans L, Bidens chinensis Willd, and Sonneratia caseolaris L. peel showed 8,37 ppm, 128,59 ppm, 18,17 ppm and 54,29 ppm antioxidant activity using DPPH model systems. Owing to the property, the studies can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for preservation of food products as well as their use as health supplements.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 58-62
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Public Health Promotion: Autonomy of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4708
Cheryl Ann Alexander , Lidong Wang
The purpose of this paper is to examine several key issues in health care reform. From the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 to the cholera epidemic in Haiti, global health care reform is necessary to promote health and wellness among all nations. There is an international shortage of nurses and nursing faculty. Among the providers, it is also necessary to examine autonomy of the most up and coming nurse provider: the emergency nurse practitioner.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 27-36
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Raja Bandung Banana (Musa paradisiacaL.cv Raja Bandung) Prevents Increased Systolic Blood Pressure in Rats Given Acute Stress Test

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4709
Dina Septari Anindyah , Arta Farmawati
The relationships between stress and hypertension have been evaluated. Heightened blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute stress have been implicated in cardiovascular disease’s development. Consumption of fruit or vegetables lowering BP. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Raja Bandung Banana (Musa paradisiacaL. cv Raja Bandung) on blood pressure after acute restraint stress and forced swim test.Twenty male Sprague dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (A,B,C,D) and adapted for 3 days. At 4th day, groups were administered 2 g/200gBw AIN-93M, then exposed to acute restraint (1hour), except group A. After restraint, A&B received water, C received diazepam 0,5mg/kgBW, and D received banana 2,52 g/200gBW. One hour later, the forced swim test was carried out (45 minutes). Blood pressure was measured 1 hour after swim. Result showed,mean of blood pressure significantly increased after treatment (p<0,01) all groups. But, the increasing of blood pressure in C and D group was lower than unrestraint (A) and control (B) group. There was significant difference of blood pressure between control (A&B) and intervention group (C&D), but no significant difference between C and D. Thisresults indicate that Raja Bandung Banana can prevent increased blood pressure on acute stress condition as effective as diazepam.  
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 37-43
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Factors Affecting Adherence to Pediatrics Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4704
Teklemariam Gultie , Tesfay G/Amlak , Girum Sebsibie
The most important factor in the success of HIV treatment is adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).The challenge to adherence to ART is particularly serious in Sub-Saharan Africa as the high rates of HIV/AIDS lead to greater numbers of affected individuals. Although long-term good ART adherence has been observed in certain settings of public sectors the magnitude of this challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa remains large and there is evidence for high rates of patient’s poor adherence. Study aimed to assess the factors affecting adherence to pediatrics antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children in Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 children on antiretroviral therapy from May 01 to 30/2014 at Mekelle hospital. Data was collected from care givers of children under 15 years old who are on ART. Of the 226 children under 15 years, 90.3 % reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications at the regular schedule over the past 7 days. Factors associated with adherence were having male care giver (AOR=2.10[1.01, 7.22]), age of the child (AOR=1.43[1.16, 3.98]) below 5 years and use of first line ART drugs (AOR=2.86[1.54, 3.67]). Over all the adherence of children on ART to their medication in this study is relatively higher as compared to others. However, complete adherence is expected in order to make the drugs effective. Different strategies have to be designed to improve the adherence level.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 1-6
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Effect of Shorting Wall on Compact 2×4 MSA Array Using Artificial Neural Network

https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/view/4232
Mohammad Aneesh , Jamshed Aslam Ansari , Ashish Singh , Km. Kamakshi
In this paper, a compact 2×4 microstrip antenna (MSA) array is presented and the effect of inserting shorting wall is optimized with the help of artificial neural network (ANN). An ANN model has been developed for predicting the resonant frequencies with the variation of the height of substrate and shorting wall position. For validation of ANN output, a prototype of 2×4 MSA array is physically fabricated and tested. This validation verifies the proposed antenna for which simulated and ANN results are approximately similar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3.7089
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 512-520
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Role of Mothers’ Nutritional Knowledge, Nutritional Factors on The School Performance

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4710
JasminAra Farhana , Farhana Akther , Mesbah Uddin Talukder , Md. Ariful Islam , Md. Torikul Islam , Md. Aminul Haque Bhuyan
A cross sectional study was carried out to investigate the effects of mothers’ nutritional knowledge, health and nutritional factors and socio-economic parameters on school performance among class five students of University Laboratory School, Dhaka. All of the eighty students were selected for this study. This study found there is a strong relationship between mother’s knowledge score and school performance. It was found that mothers’ knowledge score was responsible for 91.1 percent change in school performance. The mean BMI of the mothers was 20.44. We found that the school performance measured by class roll number of the students is significantly related with mothers BMI. There was an imperfect negative association between socio-economic parameters and school performance. But the relationship between the school performances with socio-economic parameters was strongly significant. This study also observed the relationship between Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) of respondent and marks achieved in class 4 final exam. It is alarming that consumption percentage were low for eggs (30) and milk and milk products (37.5), but majority of the students who consumed milk and milk products (63.3%) and eggs (66.7%) got the highest marks.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 44-49
Publish at: 2015-03-01

Software Design and Development of Beverage Vending Machine System Using ARM Architecture with LPC2148

10.11591/ijres.v4.i1.pp13-21
Sanket Suresh Naik Dessai
Beverage vending machine systems are becoming popular in the Indian market.These systems are today available in Indian MNCs and some top rated restaurants and hotels.In most systems the operation are carried manually by the operator in which the billing and change making is carried out by the owner who runnig the shop or restaurant.In India tea and coffee habits were cultured by the colonial rule of the British and the Portuguese,even tody the colonial rule had been over but the habits of tea and coffee beverage consumptions becomes as the routine daily life.Hence there is a need to understand beverage vending machine systems to serve the Indian Market. In this paper,a critical analysis of requirement has been carried out and the system design had been arrived at.The system requirement demand an ARM based controller for better system performance.To meet the system performance criteria and richest of peripherals an LPC2148 with low cost had been selected.The system is more efficient to analyse the change making and the identification had been carried out using the motors,LCDs,water heater,solenoid valve,money box,change making and dispensing unit. The system is tested and validated for the specified test cases.The milk motor run for 10 rotations to drive 200 milligrams of milk powder to the container to make to tea or coffee beverage.In this system a stepper motor had been used can be replaced by using dc motors to avaoid power losses.In future an ATM or credit card based payment system can be incorporated to these systems.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 13-21
Publish at: 2015-03-01

The Experimental Platform Design for NCS Based on CAN Bus

10.11591/ijres.v4.i1.pp22-27
Zhao Weiquan , Yuan Huaqiang , Wei Xiaorui
In order to facilitate research on the performance of Networked Control System, overcome the defects of unable to reflect the system performance, based on the CAN bus a kind of NCS experimental platform is designed. The system is composed of a main node and several slave nodes and Dc motor as the actuator. The master node is designed with ARM + U-boot + Linux structure, connecting with PC via Ethernet. For this experiment platform, using c + + Builder a scheduling algorithm performance testing software is developed, to further research on the effects of different scheduling algorithm on the NCS performance.
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 22-27
Publish at: 2015-03-01
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