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27,404 Article Results

Job Satisfaction among the Nurses of Makueni District Hospital, Kenya

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4850
Anthony wambua Mathulu , Benard Wambua Mbithi
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the level of job satisfaction among the nurses of Makueni District Hospital. This was necessitated by the high nurse staff turnover from the facility and a myriad of complains from various departments. The study was a cross sectional descriptive survey involving about 50 nurses that was carried out between 15 and 19th July 2013. The study employed mixed method approach. Tests of significance were through use of Chi-square, Fishers exact test and logistic regression. The key results were that overall job satisfaction was low (36%). There were significant relationships between job satisfaction and cordial relationship with the nurse manager (c2 12.131 df 4 p=0.016<0.05. Logistic regression p=0.018<0.05). The plans to quit the hospital and work elsewhere indicates a relationship with job satisfaction (c2 12.749 df 4 p=0.013<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that there is no enabling working environment for the nurses and this could be a barrier to service delivery in the Hospital. These findings suggest that the Nurse Managers should build up effective relationship with the staff and other departments and should identify negative working conditions which affect staff and appropriately delegate authority to them.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 450-457
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Knowledge and Attitude of Students on Antimicrobial Resistance at Debre Markos University, Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4839
Desalegne Amare Zelellw , Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu
Irrational use of medicines is a key reason for the increase and spread of antimicrobial resistance and it is a global concern. It is a fast mounting universal crisis. The main of this study of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of university students on antimicrobial resistance at Debre Markos University. Institutional based comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July with total sample size of 670. Participants were selected using simple random sampling method using random number table. Data clerk double entered the data into Epi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS Windows software version 21.0. Those variables that had associations at binary stage with p-value < 0.1, not collinear and biologically important variables were entered in to multiple logistic regression models. The cut off point for association was p-value < 0.05. About 14.8% study participants had adequate knowledge towards drug resistance.  Rural residences of the participants were significantly associated with drug resistance as compared to urban residence. Knowledgeable participants were significantly protective to self- medication and drug resistance as compare to those who had inadequate knowledge and participants who had positive attitude were positively associated with self-medication as compare to those who had negative attitude. The overall knowledge of participants regarding to antimicrobial resistance was low. In the other hand, majority of participants had positive attitude. Those participants who had positive attitude were significantly associated with antimicrobial resistance as compared to who had negative attitude.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 384-391
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.5962
Nina Salamah , Wahyu Widyaningsih , Hari Susanti , Anggita Devi , Anita Wening Sejati , Zahra Alya Putri
Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of three groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29th day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 484-488
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Adolescent’s Self-Efficacy for Early Marriage in South Bangka Regency, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4846
Antarini Antarini , Putri Rhadiyah , Tesza Permata , Rizka Marcely , Dini Montovani
The percentage of married women under the age of 20 years at 13% with a median age of 20.1 years and the median marriage age of first marriage in the rural lower at 19.7. Pregnancy at a very young age correlated with maternal mortality and morbidity. Girls aged 10-14 are five times the risk of dying during pregnancy or childbirth compared to the age group of 20-24 years, while the risk is doubled in the age group of 15-19 years. This study aimed to analyze several variables that affect the self-forming efficacy of early marriages. The research was explanatory research with cross sectional design. The sample size was 241. Data analysis was performed using correlation analysis Somers. There were very weak positive correlation for Verbal Persuasion (r=0.013), very weak negative correlation for Vicarious Experience (r=-0026) and Emotional Arousal (r=-0075), weak negative correlation between Mastery Experience factor (r=-0035) with early marriage.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 427-432
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Diagnostic Test with Microscopic Gold Standard to Identify Plasmodium Species

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4829
Sahrir Sillehu , Heny Arwati , Yoes Prijatna Dachlan , Sudjajadi Keman
Malaria is a main health problem in islands area which is under developed and isolated. Nation-wide, in 2014 Maluku province was recorded to have Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) value of 30.4%, positive incidents of 13.30%, ABER 3.76%, SPR 21.50%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 8.10%, while South Buru Regency has a value of Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) of 14.49%, 494 positive incidents, ABER 1.12%, SPR 60.91%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 6.86%. The purpose of this study was to identify Plasmodium species in malaria incidents in NamroleSubdistrict, South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observational research with a sample of 64 respondents for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. The instrument for the research was Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopic Gold Standard. Result: Malaria examination by using RDT suggested 3 kinds of parasites, i.e., P. falciparum, P. Vivax, and a mix between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most parasites found were P. falciparum 56.3%. The accuracy of RDT examination was proven with microscopic test and the result suggested that the RDT sensitivity was 100% and the specifivity was 63.3%. Positive predictive value was 92.9% and negative predictive value was 100%, both were for positive likelihood ration of 2.75%. While for negative likelihood ration of 0%, the value of degree of conformity (Kappa) between RDT and microscopic is 0%. RDT has one benefit that it can be use to conduct malaria diagnosis rapidly, particularly in isolated areas. The benefit of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was that it could be used in remote and isolated areas to conduct diagnosis. RDT is highly effective and efficient.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 354-358
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Ageing and Secular Social Involvement: Exploring to Subjective Wellbeing

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4851
Rachmah Indawati , Kuntoro Kuntoro , Hari Basuki Notobroto , Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin
Religion and Spirituality can provide a unique perspective on life outcomes. The study to deepen subjective well being by exploring its relationships with religious and spirituality (secular values) and characteristics individu by the graph. Data were obtained from survey. The sample was drawn from the population aged 70 or more years in Surabaya by simple random sampling. The instrument using the Philadelphia geriatric center morale scale (PGCMS) and the self spirituality and religious. Most respondents reported being 'low of religiousity and spirituality’ in their lives. The mean PGCMS score was 7.89. The median PGCMS score was 8, 57.4% (139) score PGCSM above the median and 42.6% (103) score PGCSM under the median. Among elderly who were included the high well being category (PGCSM≥10) was 27.2% and most of elderly 72.7% didn’t have good well being. The elderly people who describe themselves as religious are showed graph constant. The graph of self religious is equal according to characteristic individu (age, men and women, marital status). The elderly who describe themselves as spiritual are likely to report greater or lower perceived well being. Exploring using the graph showed different according to characteristic individu. Elderly who demonstrated subjective well being were more likely to male and not married. Elderly’s perception of spirituality depends on characteristic individuals and experience in which individuals live.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 458-464
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Mapping of Flooded Areas in the Kudus District

10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i3.pp670-677
Rina Fiati , Anastasya Latubessy
Flood is still an annual problem in the Kudus District. Based on the survey and interview with Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD – Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) data showed that in the Kudus District there are still many flood-prone areas. They also said that, there are six parameter that can be used to identify potential flood area such as: extensive inundation (km2, ha), depth or height of flood waters (meters), the flow velocity (m/s,km/h), the material washed away by flood flow (rocks, boulders, trees, and other solid objects), concentrations of water or silt thickness (meters, centimeters), and duration of inundation (hours, days, months). Therefor this research use six parameters are then analyzed and used as a benchmark model to identify flood-prone areas by using the production rule method, and as the material in constructing and designing flood-prone area identification systems based on expert system. Thus this research resulted a system to assist the identification of flood prone areas in the Kudus District by using expert system and geographic information system (GIS).
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Page: 670-677
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Relaxation Progressive Muscle Program on Exercise Behavior and Clinical Outcomes among Hypertension Patients

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4842
Rian Adi Pamungkas , Wahyu Kirana , Florensa Florensa
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of relaxation progressive muscle program on exercise behavior and clinical outcomes among Patients with Hypertension in a Community Setting, in Indonesia. A quasi-experimental, two group, pre-test and post-test design was used in this study. The experimental group received relaxation progressive muscle program, whereas the control group did not receive the program. 30 subjects in the experimental group and 30 subjects in the control group completed the program, respectively. The results of this study indicated that significantly differences on exercise behavior (p = 0.000), blood pressure level (p = 0.000) and cholesterol total level (p = 0.000) between the experimental group and control group. The relaxation progressive muscle program was absolutely effective to improve the exercise behavior, blood pressure level and cholesterol total level among patients with hypertension. Further studies should be recognized by using larger groups over a longer time frame and Health care providers also should focus in promoting this program among patients with hypertension.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 400-405
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Optimization of Makespan in Job Shop Scheduling Problem by Golden Ball Algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i3.pp542-547
Fatima Sayoti , Mohammed Essaid Riffi , Halima Labani
Job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is considered to belong to the class of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Finding a solution to this problem is equivalent to solving different problems of various fields such as industry and logistics. The objective of this work is to optimize the makespan in JSSP using Golden Ball algorithm. In this paper we propose an efficient adaptation of Golden Ball algorithm to the JSSP. Numerical results are presented for 36 instances of OR-Library. The computational results show that the proposed adaptation is competitive when compared with other existing methods in the literature; it can solve the most of the benchmark instances.
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Page: 542-547
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4841
Anteneh Berhane Yaye , Negga Baraki , Birhanu Seyum Endale
In Ethiopia, Iodine Deficiency Disorder has been recognized as a serious public health problem for the past six decades. In 2011, an estimated 12 million school-age children were living with inadequate iodine, and 66 million people were at risk of iodine deficiency. One out of every 1000 people is a cretin mentally handicapped, due to a congenital thyroid deficiency, and about 50000 prenatal deaths are occurring annually due to iodine deficiency disorders. Only 5.7% of the households were using iodized salt in Dire Dawa city Administration, which is below the legal requirement.This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and associated factors in Dire Dawa town, East Ethiopia. Community based cross-sectional study was carried out among households in Dire Dawa town during March 16-26, 2015. Multistage sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire by a face-to-face interview technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to check associations and control confounding. A total of 694 participants were participated. The availability of adequately iodized salt (≥15 parts per million) in the study area was 7.5% (95% CI; 5.6-9.5). Multivariate result showed that health information about iodized salt (AOR=8.96, 95% CI; 4.68-17.16) (p=0.03), good knowledge about iodized salt (AOR=9.23, 95% CI; 3.34-25.5) (p=0.01) and using packed salt (AOR=3.99, 95% CI; 1.48-10.73) (p=0.006) were associated with availability of adequately iodized salt at household level. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level was very low.  Hence, households should be sensitized about importance of iodized salt and its proper handling at the household level.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 392-399
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Ecological Social Development Model of Health Behavior of Conduct Achievement MDGs 5

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4843
Hilmi Yumni , Fendy Suhariadi , Oedojo Sudirham , Baiq Dewi Harnani R , Hasyim As’ari , Noer Saudah
Behavior of pregnant women who support the achievement of MDG 5 has not been fully achieved, one antenatal visit, shows there are still pregnant women who do not perform pregnancy tests regularly. The research aims to develop a model with Social Ecological Approach Model of Health Behavior in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by objective 5 with indicator of antenatal visits as well as aid delivery plan both place of birth and birth attendant. Observational study design, analytic, cross-sectional sample of 100 pregnant women who visit antenatal care at the health center Krembangan South Surabaya, simple random sampling, instruments using questionnaires, data analysis descriptive and inferential, using structural equation modeling (Structural Equation Modelling). The development of the social model of ecological models of health behavior to the behavior of the achievement of MDG 5 by the dominant factor is the construction of models intrapersonal factors include knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy, interpersonal factors include the support of family and community factors include health result support model testing goodness of fit note that the resulting model is an appropriate model used in the interpretation of the model because it has a model fit the criteria of empirical data generated by the study. The model can be used to strategize interventions in antenatal care is increasing knowledge, forming attitudes and self-efficacy through various activities such as prenatal classes or groups in pregnancy exercise as well as the involvement of family and health volunteers in assisting pregnant women to childbed.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 406-414
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Arsenic Exposure to Fish and Shellfish Consumption among Community in Makassar, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4848
Musfirah Musfirah , Sri Damayanty
Fish and shellfish contaminated by Arsenic (As) heavy metals from people activity discharge into the coast. Coastal community was exposure risk by As due to consumption of marine products. This study aimed to determine of  human health risks level who consume fish and shellfish that contain As in Kaluku Bodoa and Untia coastal, Makassar. This research designed by observational and Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Human sample were 49 people and 8 environmental samples that selected based on certain criteria. Data collected through environmental assestment, interview and anthropometric data measurement. Data analyzed with EHRA methods. The results showed that the highest mean As levels found in Leiognatus equulus fish i.e. 1.589 mg/kg and Gafrarium tumidum shellfish i.e. 4.244 mg/kg of Untia coastal. The mean level of the carcinogenic risk for fish and shellfish consumption were unacceptable  because they  contain  As that demonstrated value of more than exponent 4 (ECR > E-4) and non-carcinogenic risk mean level was value of more than 1 (RQ > 1). Fish and shellfish consumption considered unsafe and will impact health problems for the community. Community should be restrict the frequency and amount of fish and shellfish consumption.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 437-443
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Responses of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Used Complementary Medicine

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4831
Anita Joeliantina , Mangestuti Agil , M. Bagus Qomaruddin , Arijanto Jonosewojo , Kusnanto Kusnanto
Diabetes Mellitus as a chronic disease tend to seek appropriate medical treatment to heal the condition. Health-seek searched can be either medical treatment or Complementary and Alternative Medicine. This study explored deeply on the response of diabetes mellituspatients who visited to Indonesian Traditional Medicine Polyclinic on Regional Public Hospital dr. Soetomo Surabaya in using complementary medicine. This study used qualitative study with phenomenological method approach. The focus of this study was diabetes mellitus patients who use complementary medicine. Nine participants were selected based on purposive sampling method with certain criteria. Data collection used was in-depth interview and field note. Data analysis used thematic content analysis. Determining five themes that correspond with the purpose of study and a new theme. Some themes were psychological response after being diagnosed diabetes mellitus, opinion on the diabetes mellitus disease, complementary medicine usage patterns, reasons, the response after the use of complementary medicine, and family support. As a chronic disease, patients need proper treatment and conduct it continuously. Healer shopping was often taken by diabetes mellituspatients. It was required cooperation between patients and health professionals to monitor the behavior in order to achieve the effectiveness of medical treatment.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 367-374
Publish at: 2016-12-01

The Influence of Lavender Aroma Therapy on Decreasing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients

10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4853
Agustina Boru Gultom , Surita Ginting , Elni Lorensi Silalahi
The objective of this research was to determine the influence of lavender aromatherapy on decreasing blood pressure in hypertension patients. The research employed quantitative method with quasi experiment design. The samples were 32 patients either in the treatment group or in the non-treatment group. They were selected by consecutive sampling technique. The result of the research showed that the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the treatment group was 9.7299 mmHg and 4.3237 mmHg while without treatment was 7.0461 mmHg and 3.51152 mmHg. Paired t-test resulted the probability value of systolic blood pressure was α (0.000) <0.05, the probability of diastolic blood pressure was α (0.000) <0.05. It could be concluded that there was the influence of lavender aromatherapy on the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inhalation with lavender aromatherapy method can become one of the considerations in nursing intervention to decrease blood pressure in hypertension patients. It can be an alternative of therapy complement besides medication.
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Page: 470-478
Publish at: 2016-12-01

A New Memory MapReduce Framework for Higher Access to Resources

10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i3.pp629-636
ZuKuan WEI , Bo HONG , JaeHong KIM
The demand for highly parallel data processing platform was growing due to an explosion in the number of massive-scale data applications both in academia and industry. MapReduce was one of the most meaningful solutions to deal with big data distributed computing, This paper was based on the work of Hadoop MapReduce. In the face of massive data computing and calculation process, MapReduce generated a lot of dynamic data, but these data were discarded after the task completed. Meanwhile, a large number of dynamic data were written to HDFS during task execution, caused much unnecessary IO cost. In this paper, we analyzed existing distributed caching mechanism and proposed a new Memory MapReduce framework that has a real-time response to read or write request from task nodes, maintain related information about cache data. After performance testing, we could clearly find MapReduce with cache significantly improved in IO performance.
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Page: 629-636
Publish at: 2016-12-01
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