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Sulphur corrosion in transformer insulating oils: its effects, detection methods, and mitigation strategies

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp784-792
Nur Izyan Husnina Zulkefli , Sharin Ab Ghani , Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar , Imran Sutan Chairul , Nor Hidayah Rahim , Nur Farhana Mohd Azlan
Oil-immersed transformers are subjected to electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses over time, which inevitably affect the insulating oil and paper insulation. The presence of sulphur corrosion also degrades the insulating oil and paper insulation. Sulphur corrosion in insulating oils has been a prevalent problem for many years, as it culminates in the failure of oil-immersed transformers. The longevity of oil-immersed transformers is dependent on the integrity of the insulating oil and paper insulation, which can deteriorate owing to sulphur corrosion. The occurrence and accumulation of copper sulphide (Cu2S) can result in transformer malfunctions, which is a significant issue for transformer manufacturers and operators. This paper provides a concise overview of the effects of sulphur corrosion, its detection methods, as well as its mitigation strategies. It is believed that this paper will enhance the understanding of sulphur corrosion in insulating oils, provide the best practices for sulphur corrosion management, and serve as guidance on enhancing transformer reliability and performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 784-792
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Cost-effective optimization of unified power quality conditioner in wind energy conversion systems using a hybrid EnHBA-GWO algorithm

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp2043-2054
Shaziya Sultana , Umme Salma
The rapid integration of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) into modern power networks has led to pressing power quality concerns, including voltage instability, harmonic distortion, and reactive power imbalance. To address these challenges, this study introduces a hybrid optimization strategy that combines the global search capabilities of the enhanced honey badger algorithm (EnHBA) with the local exploitation strengths of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) for the best operational parameters of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). Extensive simulations in MATLAB Simulink demonstrate significant improvement in performance. The proposed method achieves 95% energy efficiency, a power factor of 0.99, and total harmonic distortion (THD) down to 5%, meeting IEEE 519-2022 standards. This outcome reflects an effective balance between cost and power quality performance, highlighting the potential of hybrid optimization to improve grid stability and efficiency in renewable energy environments.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 2043-2054
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Self-development moderates the impact of digital literacy and talent on human error

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp682-692
Achmad Mirza , Isnurhadi Isnurhadi , Muhammad Ichsan Hadjri
Effective public services are important for increasing community satisfaction and organizational credibility. This study aims to explore the influence of digital literacy, underutilized talent, and human error on the effectiveness of public services, with self-development as a moderating variable. This study was conducted with employees of the Trade Office of South Sumatra Province. The research method used was quantitative data analysis, which was performed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study show that digital literacy and self-development play an important role in reducing human error and increasing the effectiveness of public services. These findings have practical implications for human resource management in the public sector, focusing on improving digital literacy and employee self-development. 
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 682-692
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Therapeutic potential of alpha-linolenic acid from Sacha Inchi oil in cervical cancer: an in vitro study on HeLa cells

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp966-974
Adi Permadi , Mutiara Wilson Putri , Muhammad Ali Akbar
This study investigated the potential of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from Sacha Inchi oil as a therapeutic agent for cervical cancer through an in vitro study on HeLa cells. Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, which is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although chemotherapy therapy is one of the main methods in cancer treatment, this approach often causes side effects and drug resistance. ALA, which is one of the main components of Sacha Inchi oil, is known to have antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. In this study, Sacha Inchi oil was analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for identification of its active components. Cytotoxic assays were performed using the MTT method on HeLa cells, which showed that ALA significantly inhibited cancer cell viability at low concentrations, with low IC50 values compared to the positive control compound cisplatin. These results suggest that ALA has potential as an effective anti-cancer agent against cervical cancer cells. This study concludes that ALA from Sacha Inchi oil can be a strong candidate in the development of safer and more effective cervical cancer therapy.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 966-974
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor network

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1939-1948
Shireen Bashar Ghanem , Aws Zuheer Yonis
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in various domains, including military, industrial, and environmental applications, due to their capability to monitor and transmit data efficiently. However, one of the major challenges in WSNs is energy consumption, as sensor nodes rely on limited power sources for data acquisition, processing, and communication. Efficient energy management is essential to prolong network lifespan and maintain performance. To address this issue, several energy-efficient routing techniques have been developed. Among these, the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) has gained significant attention for its ability to optimize power consumption through hierarchical clustering. This study investigates the performance of the LEACH protocol under different deployment configurations. We proposed and evaluate a circular sensing field as an alternative to the traditional square and rectangular field. Simulation results show that the circular field achieves better energy efficiency and network longevity across various packet sizes and base station (BS) locations. These findings highlight the importance of deployment geometry in enhancing WSN sustainability.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1939-1948
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Optimizing retail systems: using big data and power business intelligence for performance insights

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp945-954
Huu Dang Quoc , Ha Le Viet
In the rapid development of information technology, using enterprise data to support timely management decisions is crucial in helping businesses operate effectively and improve competitiveness. This study uses Microsoft power business intelligence (MPBI) to analyze data in retail systems, allowing managers to grasp the business situation in real time, track advanced sales, optimize inventory control, and analyze customer behavior and supply chain visibility. From the data generated by the business, the study uses the streaming extract transform load (ETL) model to support real-time data aggregation, then converts to the MPBI data visualization system to convert data into visual charts, helping businesses easily monitor, track, analyze, and make decisions to promote business activities. The study proposes a data structure to organize retail information storage. It proposes a system of calculation formulas and data synthesis, making integrate and convert tabular data into visual charts. Through analysis of real data from the LH83 retail system, the study shows the feasibility of implementing a data visualization system and the difficulties encountered when businesses want to deploy this model.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 945-954
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Fuzzy logic controller-based protection of direct current bus using solid-state direct current breaker

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp859-868
Eswaraiah Giddalur , Askani Jaya Laxmi
Low-voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrids are increasingly utilized due to their efficiency and compatibility with distributed energy resources (DERs) and direct current (DC) loads, eliminating the need for multiple energy conversions. However, the protection of LVDC systems presents significant challenges, including high fault currents and the vulnerability of electronic devices. Traditional electromechanical circuit breakers are inadequate due to their slow response times. This work presents a protection approach for the DC bus in LVDC microgrids that combines a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB). The FLC is designed to detect and respond to faults rapidly by processing input variables such as current magnitude and rate of change of current. The FLC controls the SSCB, which interrupts fault currents quickly and reliably. The proposed system demonstrates optimized fault-clearing times within milliseconds, significantly enhancing the protection and reliability of LVDC microgrids. This novel solution protects critical electronic components while also ensuring the microgrid's operational integrity. The FLC approach is utilized for optimizing fault-clearing duration within milliseconds.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 859-868
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Numerical study of non-linear twisted blades for tidal turbines improvement

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp894-906
Nu Rhahida Arini , Philips Ade Putera Atmojo , Deni Saputra , Dendy Satrio
Despite the growing demand for renewable energy, the utilization of tidal energy remains underdeveloped due to efficiency limitations in turbine design. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the performance of horizontal-axis tidal turbines (HATT) by comparing two foil designs, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 2415 and OptA, to optimize energy extraction efficiency. The research employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using OpenFOAM to evaluate the effects of foil modifications and non-linear twist distributions on turbine performance across varying tip speed ratios (TSR). The results indicate that the OptA foil significantly improves turbine performance, achieving a 41.4% increase in torque and a 40.2% increase in power coefficient (CP) at TSR 5, which was identified as the optimal operating condition. The OptA foil enhances velocity distribution, reduces flow separation, and improves vortex behavior, leading to greater efficiency and stability. These findings confirm that foil selection and blade design modifications play a critical role in HATT optimization.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 894-906
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An approach of battery adaptation in wireless sensor network with resource aware in extreme environmental area

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1812-1821
Jumadi Mabe Parenreng , Muhammad Reza Shiraj , Satria Gunawan Zain , Abdul Wahid
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed wireless system that employs sensor nodes to perform various tasks, including sensing, monitoring, data transmission, and delivering information to users via internet communication. Resource availability in WSNs is a critical factor influencing data delivery performance. One of the main challenges is the rapid depletion of resources, particularly batteries, which play a pivotal role in the system’s operational sustainability. This study evaluates the impact of battery adaptation through four testing scenarios. The results show that implementing battery adaptation significantly extends system lifespan compared to scenarios without adaptation. In the scenario without both a classification algorithm and adaptation, the system lasts approximately 270 minutes. When battery adaptation is applied without a classification algorithm, the lifespan increases to 330 minutes and 30 seconds. In contrast, the scenario using a classification algorithm without adaptation yields a lifespan of about 185 minutes, while combining the classification algorithm with adaptation extends it to approximately 252 minutes. The findings demonstrate that battery adaptation enhances the longevity and resource efficiency of WSN systems. However, the use of a classification algorithm tends to reduce operational time compared to scenarios that do not employ such algorithms.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1812-1821
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Searchable encryption based on a chaotic system and AES algorithm

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp975-984
Fairouz Sherali , Falah Sarhan
Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources, such as storage and processing power. This technology allows businesses to scale efficiently while reducing infrastructure costs. However, protecting the security and privacy of data has grown to be a top priority. This is where enhancing cloud security with searchable encryption (SE) is crucial. SE effectively secures users’ sensitive data while preserving searchability on the cloud server side. It enables the cloud server to search via encrypted data without disclosing information in plaintext data. SE uses different encryption methods to encrypt data before uploading it to servers. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a common algorithm for encrypting this data. In this paper, a novel SE method has been presented. The technique exploits the properties of the chaotic map to generate an AES key, which makes the AES algorithm more secure for encrypting the searchable index and uploaded files. We implement and test our method with real data from files. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly satisfy a higher level of security as compared to other schemes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 975-984
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Redesign the layout of the raw material warehouse from randomized storage to class-based storage

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp773-783
Nur Iftitah , Qurtubi Qurtubi , Danang Setiawan , Vembri Noor Helia
The company has a problem of ineffectiveness in the layout of the raw material warehouse due to the use of storage methods that ignore factors such as the type, dimensions, and condition of the goods. This reduces the optimal function of the warehouse and increases the time to retrieve goods. This research aims to redesign the suitable and practical layout of the raw material warehouse by considering its form and function, as well as filling methodological gaps from previous research. The method used is class-based storage. Based on ABC analysis, the category with the highest value is class C goods, with 73 units. Meanwhile, from the fast, slow, non-moving (FSN) analysis, class F (fast-moving) goods have the highest frequency of movement, with a movement percentage of 63% for 10 units of goods. The warehouse slotting analysis shows an increase in the number of shelves from nine to 15 shelves with five different shelf models and layout changes in raw material warehouses 1 and 2. The class-based storage method results in a more organized layout, efficient movement of goods, and faster picking time to optimize warehouse functions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 773-783
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Quantum machine learning ensemble for surface crack detection

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp2112-2121
A. Sankaran , N. Palanivel , S. Dhamotharan , K. Nivas , V. Merwin Raj , M. Shivaprakash
By identifying the aspects of manual inspection methods in the context of industrial production, which are described within the undertaken research, the development of an automated visual inspection technology is driven. This causes more time to be spent on performing the checks, thus adding to the labor cost. The efficiency of the operations is reduced, and there is a tendency for errors due to fatigue in checking 24/7. The proposed solution for a new product is designed to change the approach of the existing manufacturing process by using the automated system to self-inspect the surface and notify of its defects during manufacturing. As an enhancing advancement, this new development aims to address apprehensions pertaining to manual examination as the world transitions into the fault tolerant period. Lastly, this approach fits the universal grail of further developing industrial capacities, with the resulting thought process extending to the incorporation of technologies such as quantum computing with the current requirements of manufacturing. Other potential applications of this approach, including aerospace applications of ultrasonic testing or thermography in the detection of surface cracks, might also help improve this approach in the future.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 2112-2121
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Dead time control signal for non-isolated synchronous buck DC-DC converter

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1765-1774
Muhammad Hafeez Mohamed Hariri , Noor Dzulaikha Daud , Tole Sutikno , Nor Azizah Mohd Yusoff , Mohd Khairunaz Mat Desa
This study introduces a simple dead-time control signal for the non-isolated synchronous buck DC-DC converter, incorporated alongside maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. Dead-time control in non-isolated DC-DC converters is challenging due to difficulties in accurately sensing and predicting errors, especially during the transition between switching modes. The introduction of the dead-time control method resulted in optimal efficiency for the stand-alone PV system. The dead-time control was implemented in the hardware prototype using a bootstrap technique. Power generation from the PV module was optimized through the DC converter's implementation of an improved perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT approach. According to the results, the proposed design achieved an overall system efficiency of 80%. Moreover, the enhanced P&O MPPT algorithm prototype was observed to produce a maximum output power of 60 W.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1765-1774
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Comprehensive structured analysis of machine learning in safety models

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp627-638
Mohd Shukri Abdul Wahab , Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali , Noor Hisyam Noor Mohamed , Abdul Rani Achmed Abdullah
Machine learning (ML) integration into various industries has revolutionized operations recently, enhancing efficiency and predictive capabilities. However, the rapid adoption of ML models also presents significant safety concerns that are highly demanded. To achieve this, scholarly articles from reputable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) focus on studies published between 2022 and 2024, which were extensively searched. The study's flow is based on the PRISMA framework. The database found (n=40) that the final primary data was analyzed. The findings were divided into three themes: i) safety and risk management, ii) ML and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in safety, and iii) smart technology for safety. The conclusion highlights the need for continuous monitoring and updating of the safety protocols to keep in step with the growing ML landscape. This review contributes to the understanding of ML safety. It offers global lessons that can guide future research and policy-making efforts to ensure ML technologies' safe and ethical use.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 627-638
Publish at: 2025-09-01

The Jordanian passage to sustainable electrical power: case study of challenges and opportunities

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp2082-2089
Emad Awada
As the global energy sector faces significant challenges due to limited conventional resources and environmental concerns, many countries have adopted precautionary measures to secure and develop new energy resources. For instance, Jordan faces a severe shortage of natural conventional energy resources, compounded by rapid population growth driven by both locals and refugees. With over 90% of its energy imported, Jordan heavily depends on neighboring and international suppliers, leaving the country vulnerable and insecure due to political and economic fluctuations. To overcome these challenges, Jordan must establish comprehensive policies and plans to achieve energy production, conservation, and sustainability. This case study explores Jordan’s energy sources and security, highlighting strategies for long-term sustainable electrical energy development. The analysis focuses on addressing challenges, proposing alternative solutions, and advancing efficient plans for energy expansion. Key strategies include embracing renewable energy sources, enhancing conservation, and leveraging technological advancements to improve efficiency and a resilient energy sector.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 2082-2089
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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