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30,411 Article Results

Islanding detection of integrated DG system using rate of change of frequency over reactive power

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1637-1644
B. V. Seshu Kumari , Ambati Giri Prasad , S. Sai Srilakshmi , Karri Sairamakrishna Buchireddy , Ch. Rami Reddy
This paper offers a passive islanding detection method that is effective for distributed generation. When a distributed generator (DG) keeps a location powered even when access to the external electrical grid is lost, this circumstance is referred to as islanding. The power distribution system currently includes distributed generators (DGs), which provide inexpensive electricity and have fewer environmental impacts. Sometimes, these DGs continue to supply the nearby loads because of line outages and islands made by system separations. As a result, there are scenarios with unacceptable power quality. The islanding is identified if the result of the rate of change of frequency over reactive power exceeds the threshold value. The MATLAB test results from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach for different islanding and non-islanding scenarios.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1637-1644
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Fractional order PID controlled hybrid Cuk converter for electric vehicle

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp733-742
Nallamilli P. G. Bhavani , S. Dinakar Raj , K. Sujatha , N. Navaprakash , D. Ezhilarasan
Choosing the right controller with the right approach is one of any power converter's biggest concerns. In order to optimise induction heating, a hybrid Cuk converter with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is built. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled closed-loop hybrid DC-DC converter (CDHC) system. In order to improve the interface between the resonant inverter and DC source and to step up voltage with less output ripple, Cuk converters are used. The research project is concerned with modelling and simulating a hybrid closed-loop DC converter system. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled CDHC system. The suggested approach offers advantages such as high-power density and buck boost capability. After being inverted, the Cuk converter's output is applied to a DC load. The time responses of the closed loop proportional integral (PI) and FOPID controlled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems are compared. The hardware is implemented and tested for the CDHC system for electric vehicles. The results indicate that the FOPID controlled CDHC system has enhanced time response and benefits such as high-power density buck boost ability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 733-742
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Investigation of DC-AC converter control techniques with enhanced MOSFET gate driver

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp676-687
Elmourabit Bouazza , Akaaboune Jalil , Oulaaross Mohamed , Benchagra Mohamed
To promote the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems and reduce costs, it is crucial to develop innovative approaches for grid integration, thereby contributing to global power generation. This article presents the development of an integrated power circuit using the TOSHIBA-TLP350 as a gate driver for the implementation of a single-phase H-bridge inverter, combined with inductor–capacitor–inductor (LCL) filters. This circuit was designed and controlled using a high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by an ATmega328P microcontroller board, with a predefined program, to facilitate the filtration and reduction of both current and voltage harmonics present at the output of the filters. The study primarily focuses on a grid-connected mode of operation but also demonstrates adaptability to the islanded mode. The proposed application in this article can be adapted to other renewable energy conversion systems. The effectiveness of this achievement is demonstrated through detailed experimental results, highlighting the potential benefits for cost reduction and performance improvement of photovoltaic systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 676-687
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Inclusion of children with autism in a mainstreamed school: a case study analysis

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25217
Finita Glory Roy , Friggita Johnson
Inclusion of children with autism in mainstream schools is essential for fostering social integration and equitable education; however, significant challenges persist in implementation worldwide. This study investigates inclusion practices for children with autism in a mainstream school, focusing on barriers and enablers in creating an inclusive educational environment. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 16 participants, including one principal, eight teachers, three special educators, and four parents, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of school policies and documents provided comprehensive insights, analysed through thematic analysis with triangulation to ensure robustness. Findings revealed critical challenges, such as limited resources, inadequate teacher preparedness, and social stigma, while highlighting effective practices like individualized education plans (IEPs), peer mentoring, and collaborative approaches to IEP development. The study underscores the importance of policy reforms, targeted teacher training, and greater community involvement to support sustainable inclusion. These findings offer actionable recommendations for improving inclusive practices and creating supportive learning environments for children with autism, advancing the broader agenda of inclusive education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1601-1610
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp533-540
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Suherman Suherman , Budiyono Budiyono , Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Rice husk is a biomass that can potentially be converted into biogas energy. In this research, a study was carried out regarding the effect of alkaline pretreatment and then a study related to the potential for developing biogas from rice husks in Indonesia and a study related to the potential utilization of biogas by-products in the form of slurry as solid organic fertilizer. So, the main objective is to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment of rice husks on the potential development of rice husks as raw material for biogas production on a full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD). Research related to the effect of alkaline pretreatment using 3% NaOH by immersion in the substrate for 24 hours was carried out on a lab scale. The variable TS is set at 27%, C/N ratio is 35, uses a 2-liter digester, and measurements are carried out every other day for 60 days. Furthermore, the up-scale was carried out with an AD fixed dome model with a volume of 6 m3. In this study, it was found that pre-treatment with 3% NaOH increased biogas productivity by 1.6 times higher. The potential for rice husk to be converted into biogas energy can reach 3.5 million liters of biogas by 2022. The by-product of biogas in the form of slurry also has the potential to be used as solid organic fertilizer directly. Parameter tests that have been carried out show that the slurry in biogas from rice husks that have gone through a 60-day AD fermentation process complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 533-540
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factors associated with physical activity time among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25877
Vinh Quang Phung , Vien Truong Nguyen , Ngoc-Trinh Thi Nguyen , Dang Ngoc Tran , Phong Duy Nguyen , Hong Kim Tang
Previous studies on factors associated with physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City have lacked a specific framework. This study aimed to assess factors associated with moderate and vigorous physical activity time among Ho Chi Minh City’s adolescents. We used the Health Belief Model to develop a more comprehensive survey. This cross sectional study, conducted from January to May 2023, analyzed data from 301 students. Variables were measured using a self-management questionnaire with three sections: socioeconomics, physical activity, and the Health Belief Model. This study found that adolescents spent an average of 54.7 minutes per day engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. This duration was independently associated with convenience (Coefficient = 5.49; p = 0.002), self-efficacy (Coefficient = 5.63; p<0.001), having an exercise companion (Coefficient = 16.98; p<0.001), and the perception that more than 60 minutes of daily activity is needed (Coefficient = 16.82; p<0.001). The Health Belief Model has the potential to explain the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City. Self-efficacy, convenience, companionship, and perceptions of appropriate physical activity duration should be considered when developing intervention programs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1313-1322
Publish at: 2025-09-01

OFF-grid efficiency evaluation of an inverter dependent on solar PV generator in Iraq

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp761-768
Bilal Abdullah Nasir , Kutaiba Khalaf Khaleel , Mohammed Ahmed Khalaf
The solar photovoltaic (PV) inverter weighted efficiency is more precise and favorable as it mainly deems the inverter output power properties when exposed to disparate solar PV irradiance. The European metrical efficiency (πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚), presently, is the bulk broadly admissible in inverter efficiency calculation. This is due to, historically, the European countries have been the biggest exporters and spent of solar PV inverters everywhere in the world. The European efficiency (πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚) is a concluded metric relying on a standardized European irradiance profile. However, the rendition weightings embedded in this metric may not be fully representative or appropriate for photovoltaic inverters deployed in regions characterized by different climatic conditions, particularly in equatorial and subtropical environments. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the proposed assumption and develop a novel metrical efficiency equation for inverters operating in the Iraqi climate, specifically Baghdad city, relying on the IEC 61683:1999 criterion and the inverter load-duration curve. The proposed formula, validated with field data from an SMA-SB-4000-TL inverter, estimated the energy outcome of a 5.0β€―kW off-grid SPV system in Baghdad with a 2% deviation from measured values. These results validate the use of Ξ·_EURO tailored to Baghdad conditions as a reliable alternative to πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚ or πœ‚π‘€π΄π‘‹. This enhances the accuracy of system energy yield estimation, investment return calculations, and payback period assessment for solar PV systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 761-768
Publish at: 2025-09-01

How genetic determinism and essentialism relate to health care

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25276
Nindiana Choirunisa' , Siti Zubaidah , Hendra Susanto , Chun-Yen Chang
Genetics has become important in various areas of life, especially in healthcare. People can undergo a range of genetic testing to assess their susceptibility to acquiring diseases. Nevertheless, data derived from genetic testing might indicate bias due to genetic determinism and essentialism. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of genetic determinism and essentialism on several aspects of healthcare. This study conducted a systematic review approach using the Scopus database and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analysis (PRISMA) search framework. We initially received 802 publications, then reduced to 49 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then content analysis was conducted. Our research showed that determinist bias and genetic essentialism may reduce patient diagnosis, treatment accuracy, and effectiveness. Moreover, biases related to genetic determinism and essentialism may go against healthcare regulations and cause discrimination and other negative clinical outcomes from ethical, social, and legal aspects. To improve this problem, it is essential for laypeople, particularly medical experts, to understand genetic principles related to the development of variances in traits among individuals in a precise and relatable approach.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1499-1514
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Physical activity interventions for adolescent suicide ideation and behavior: a rapid review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25128
Richard Peter Bailey , Nadia Samsudin , Francis Ries , Janet Ann Fernandez
Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and mental health issues have become significant public health challenges. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were sourced from SPORTDiscus, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar. The review included English-language peer reviewed articles published between January 2018 and March 2023, focusing on physical activity, sport, and mental health in adolescents aged 10 to 19. Adolescents with low levels of physical activity or high levels of sedentary behavior were at greater risk of suicidal thoughts compared to their more physically active counterparts. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not directly associated with self-harm or mental health disorders, the overall mental health benefits of physical activity, especially in the context of socially engaging sports, were evident. Some aspects of these associations warrant further investigation. Physical activity and sport offer cost-effective, widely accepted interventions that have significant potential to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors among adolescents. Given the devastating impact of suicide on young people, incorporating physical activity into mental health promotion and intervention strategies is crucial.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1221-1231
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factor associated with physical activity level among secondary boarding school students in Selangor, Malaysia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25782
Ahmad β€˜Afifu’d-din Hisamuddin , Hazizi Abu Saad
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with physical activity among secondary boarding school students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that captured socio-demographic information, physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, social support (from family and peers), and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, and stress). Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were obtained using a SECA217 stadiometer and a Tanita weighing scale, with body mass index (BMI)-for-age subsequently calculated. A total of 181 participants were included in the study. The results indicated that the majority of students met the recommended physical activity guidelines. Approximately two-thirds of participants were classified as having a normal BMI, while the majority exhibited high levels of sedentary behavior. Regarding social support, only one-fifth of students reported receiving adequate family support, while half of the students reported adequate peer support. Psychological assessments revealed that one-third of participants exhibited normal depressive symptoms, whereas nearly half exhibited symptoms of anxiety and stress. Significant associations were identified between physical activity levels and several factors, including age, gender, family support, peer support, and stress. In conclusion, while most secondary boarding school students in this study met the recommended daily amount of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior and varying levels of social support and psychological distress highlight areas that warrant further intervention.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1428-1435
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Philippine traditional herbal remedies for hypertension

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25625
Meliza Parba , Cesar G. Demayo
Certain areas of the Philippines continue to rely on traditional non-pharmacological approaches, such as herbal medicine, for hypertension treatment, a significant public health problem globally. Therefore, a systematic review of plants used in the Philippines to treat hypertension, based on the PRISMA flow diagram, was carried out. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Following the eligibility screening, 36 ethnobotanical studies were included. The majority of the studies included in this review came from Region XIII (CARAGA), Region VI (Western Visayas), and Region X (Northern Mindanao). The most prevalent plant family and species were Poaceae (12 species) and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (16 citations), respectively. Leaves were the most common plant parts utilized while decoction was the most frequently mentioned mode of preparation. Oral administration was the most widely used form of administration. This review highlights medicinal plants with potential antihypertensive properties. It underscores the need to conduct a systematic review of their pharmacological properties to determine which have been scientifically validated and are most effective against hypertension.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1585-1594
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Stunting among toddlers in poor Indonesian households

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25738
Sarni Rante Allo Bela , Mona Safitri Fatiah , Yane Tambing , Agung Dwi Laksono , Ratna Dwi Wulandari , Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani , Taufiq Hidayat
Poverty has a significant impact on stunting in children under the age of five from low-income families, accounting for around 18.4% of stunting cases in Indonesia. The goal of this study was to look into the factors that may contribute to the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five from low-income families in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and data from the 2022 Indonesian National Nutrition Status Survey to evaluate approximately 112,574 children. The data was analyzed at the multivariate level in binary logistics using SPSS 26 software. The data revealed that around 24.8% of disadvantaged households in Indonesia experienced stunting, with a variety of variables impacting its frequency. These included residence variables (AOR:1.08 and 95% CI:1.08-1.09), maternal age (AOR: 1.28 with 95% CI: 1.21-1.25), education level (AOR: 1.02 and 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), marital status (AOR:1.02 with 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), Antenatal Care (ANC) (AOR:1.45 with 95% CI: 1.44-1.47), age of the child (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.31), and the sex of the infant (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.21). Seven characteristics have been identified as predictors of stunting in children under the age of five in disadvantaged Indonesian homes. Expanding targeted programs for low-income families is critical for increasing their income through comprehensive entrepreneurship training and social assistance activities.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1441-1451
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Chronic strains, self-efficacy, and mental health: a cross-sectional study among university students in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26125
Rashed Hossain , Rasheda Irshad Nasir
Chronic strains, arise from daily activities, can affect mental healthcare of individuals across various professions, including students. However, how chronic strains affect mental health of students is poorly understood so far for students. We aim to identify the most prevalent chronic strains and examine the effects of chronic strains on mental health conditions adjusted for socio-demographic variables. A total of 393 students were included in the study. They were interviewed through a structured questionnaire between April 6 and May 28, 2023. The outcome variable considered were mental health measured through 14-item questions. The prime explanatory variable was chronic strains. Multivariable linear regressions were used to the relationships of chronic strains, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic characteristics with mental health conditions. We found that 16.7% of participants reported low levels of chronic strains, 66.4% reported moderate levels and 18.3% reported high levels. β€˜Tension for future career’ emerged as the most significant source of stress that led chronic strains. Chronic strains and self-efficacy were found to be significant determinants of different mental health conditions. These findings suggest that institutions should focus on improving students’ psychological well-being to mitigate the impact of chronic strains.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1459-1467
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Hybrid deep learning and active contour for segmenting hazy images

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp429-437
Firhan Azri Ahmad Khairul Anuar , Jenevy Jone , Raja Farhatul Aiesya Raja Azhar , Abdul Kadir Jumaat
Image segmentation seeks to distinguish the foreground from the background for further analysis. A recent study presented a new active contour model (ACM) for image segmentation, termed Gaussian regularization selective segmentation (GRSS). This interactive ACM is effective for segmenting certain objects in images. However, a weakness of the GRSS model becomes apparent when utilized on hazy images, as it is not intended for such conditions and produces inadequate outcomes. This paper introduces a new ACM for segmenting hazy images that hybridizes a pretrained deep learning model, namely DehazeNet, with the GRSS model. Specifically, the haze-free images are estimated using DehazeNet, which fuses the information with the GRSS model. The new formulation, designated as GRSS with DehazeNet (GDN), is addressed via the calculus of variations and executed in MATLAB software. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by calculating Error, Jaccard, and Dice metrics, while efficiency was determined by measuring processing time. Despite the increased processing time, numerical experiments demonstrated that the GDN model achieved higher accuracy, as indicated by the lower error and higher Jaccard and Dice than the GRSS model. The GDN model can potentially be formulated in the vector-valued image domain in the future.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 429-437
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design and implementation of Internet of Things-enabled long-range autonomous surveillance bot for LPG leak detection and environmental safety monitoring

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp361-369
Rajesh Singh , Anita Gehlot , Rahul Mahala , Vivek Kumar Singh
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) accidents pose significant safety risks, requiring continuous monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) technology to prevent gas leakage and ensure human safety. This work proposes distributed field-oriented IoT gas sensing robots for detecting dangerous flammable gases like Ammonia, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Carbon Dioxide. The SnoLURk solution enables cost-effective IoT gas leak detection in indoor and outdoor robots using budget-friendly casings and sensors. The study also discusses a robotic system for gas leak detection, aiming to detect and combat burglary using ZigBee and GSM modules. Cloud support allows Wi-Fi zone residents to receive alerts and send investigators via email, enabling remote data analytics monitoring. The IoT-based Worker's Health Monitoring System improves health and safety practices in industrial environments by monitoring workers' health 24/7. It allows on-site and off-site monitoring, enabling quick intervention and avoiding complications. The system's applications include construction, mining, manufacturing, and healthcare. Future versions may include improved sensors and machine learning.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 361-369
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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