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Innovative technologies and educational quality: insights from Mongolia and Kazakhstan

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32777
Kanziya Kabassova , Khosbayar Nyamsuren , Antony D. Miller , Iurii Piven , Yuriy Kravtsov
The study explores the digital potential and prospects of advanced innovative technologies in higher education institutions, compared to global practices. The research is situated within the theoretical framework of socio-constructivist learning theory, emphasizing the role of digital technologies in facilitating collaborative learning environments. Findings indicate that digitalization and inclusive educational practices are evolving into central elements of educational strategies. This study highlighted specific case studies, such as the implementation of virtual reality and e-learning platforms at Otgontenger University, demonstrating their significant impact on enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3345-3354
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Interests of Gen Zs in rural communities: insights to strengthen the delivery of the Philippine PATH-Fit program

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33515
Jr., Ruben L. Tagare , Jomar B. Esto , Desiree Ann C. Tenebroso , Jeahr E. Inabangan , William R. Pregunta , Erika P. Acera , Jan Lincoln C. Rivas , Claribel P. Avila , Pink Floyd M. Boyles
This study investigated the local interests of Generation Z (Gen Z) students in rural communities to strengthen the delivery of the Philippine physical activity towards health and fitness (PATH-Fit) program. Using a qualitative-ethnographic approach, insights were gathered from 20 carefully selected Gen Z students through open-ended questions validated by experts. The findings revealed seven key areas of interest: i) social media, videos, and the internet; ii) something profitable; iii) e-games; iv) sports and physical activities; v) going out and exploring; vi) church, reflection, and music; and vii) rest and sleep. This study concludes that the local interests of Gen Z students in rural communities paint a comprehensive picture of a generation adeptly balancing the digital and physical realms of their lives. From the appeal of social media, online ventures, and e-games to the grounding effects of sports, nature exploration, and spiritual practices, these students demonstrate a flexible approach to well-being and personal growth. Their focus on profitable online activities reflects a pragmatic response to economic challenges, while their commitment to physical activities and outdoor exploration underscores the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Their emphasis on church, reflection, music, rest, and sleep also highlights a holistic understanding of mental and emotional health. Together, these interests reveal a resourceful, adaptive generation that is deeply aware of the need for balance in an increasingly complex world.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3260-3272
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Work-integrated curriculum transformation and autopedagogical competence in prospective teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33746
Aiym Tynyskhanova , Kalbike Yessenova , Irodakhon Xoldarova , Fariza Ismailova , Aziza Zhunusbekova
Despite substantial investments in higher education, many Kazakhstani graduates face challenges in securing employment due to a lack of essential job-related competencies. The predominant discipline-based learning approach in Kazakhstani universities often fails to cultivate autopedagogical competence—a critical skill for applying knowledge in real-world contexts and solving practical problems. This study aims to examine the impact of work-integrated curriculum (WIC) transformation on the development of student autopedagogical competence (SAC). A non-experimental quantitative research design was employed, utilizing survey techniques to collect data from a sample of 180 students in Kazakhstan. The sample was determined through random stratified sampling to ensure representativeness. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify relationships between dependent (autopedagogical competence), independent (WIC transformation), and moderating variables. The findings reveal that curriculum transformation has a significant and positive impact on the development of autopedagogical competencies. Students exposed to work-integrated learning (WIL) demonstrate stronger self-directed learning capabilities, enhancing their readiness for workforce integration and lifelong professional development. These insights highlight the necessity of innovative curriculum strategies to bridge the gap between academic learning and practical skill acquisition, offering valuable guidance for educators seeking to improve vocational education outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3273-3282
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Automated rice leaf disease detection using artificial intelligence deep learning

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp405-415
Suhaila M. P. , Hemalatha S.
As one of the top five rice-producing countries, India relies heavily on rice for both economic management and food needs. To ensure healthy rice plant growth, early detection of diseases and timely treatment are essential. Since manual disease detection is time-consuming and labor-intensive, an automated approach is more practical. This work presents a deep neural network (DNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) method for recognizing rice leaf diseases. The method detects three common diseases: leaf smut, bacterial leaf blight, and brown spot, as well as healthy images. The approach uses an AI-based attention network and semantic batch normalized DeepNet (AN-SBNDN) combined with a channel attention mechanism to improve disease detection accuracy. Experiments with rice leaf datasets and comparison with conventional networks like residual attention network (Res ATTEN) and dynamic speeded up robust features (DSURF) validate the effectiveness of the method. Key performance metrics include average accuracy, time, precision, and recall, achieved at 21%, 44%, 26%, and 31%, respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 405-415
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Principal instructional leadership: a systematic review of China 2014-2024

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33641
Hua Shihui , Azlin Norhaini Mansor , Khairul Azhar Jamaludin
The current research on instructional leadership is predominantly focused on European contexts, with limited studies addressing its application in China. This review aims to explore the instructional leadership practices of Chinese principals, focusing on their unique behaviors and strategies in different urban school contexts. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach, 483 English-language publications (2014-2024) from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and ScienceDirect were analyzed. Deductive thematic analysis focused on three core themes: defining the school mission, managing the instructional program, and developing a positive school climate. The findings reveal that while Chinese principals excel in articulating a clear school mission and vision, they demonstrate limited involvement in curriculum management. These insights underscore the need for targeted professional development to enhance principals’ instructional leadership capacities, particularly in curriculum oversight, to improve teaching quality and student outcomes in China.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2710-2721
Publish at: 2025-08-01

The challenges of pre-calculus in times of change

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.30057
Maura A. E. Pilotti , Russina A. Eltoum , Hanadi M. Abdelsalam , Arifi Waked
Sustainable science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education rests not only on gender equity in educational opportunities but also on the academic attainment of female students. In Saudi Arabia, women enrolled in engineering and computer science are both newcomers and a minority. The present study compared the performance of female undergraduate students in pre-calculus (a prerequisite for STEM programs) before and after the pandemic. It also examined changes in students’ perceived difficulty and value of pre-calculus, the stress experienced in it, and their determination to pursue STEM. In this study, pre-calculus performance declined after the pandemic. Furthermore, the course was perceived as more difficult and stressful, as well as less valuable. Nevertheless, students’ determination to continue in STEM was undeterred. After the pandemic, students reported mostly utilitarian motives for pursuing STEM degrees (i.e., career opportunities), and concerns about their ability to balance work and personal lives in STEM professions. The key challenge was a personal issue (i.e., balancing professional and personal lives) rather than a social issue (e.g., the persistent gender imbalance in STEM fields). These findings suggest that interventions supporting intrinsic motivation are key to students’ engagement and persistence in academic pursuits and thus to their ability to be academically and professionally successful in STEM.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3027-3041
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Optimizing signal conversion in uniform FBGs with InGaAs photodetectors for medical sensors

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26164
Tengku; Universitas Riau Emrinaldi , Bambang; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Widiyatmoko , Bunga; Universitas Riau Meyzia , Sumiaty; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ambran , Saktioto; Universitas Riau Saktioto , Mohamad; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Syahadi , Agitta; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Rianaris , Dwi; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Hanto
This study experimentally interrogates the spectral response of uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with varying reflectivity levels of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% under controlled environmental stimuli. The objective is to elucidate the influence of reflectivity on the wavelength shift behavior of FBGs and to inform the optimal interrogation of these elements with indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors in high-performance sensing systems. Utilizing high-precision measurement procedures and specialized instrumentation, the experiments revealed that the magnitude and pattern of wavelength shifts are significantly influenced by FBG reflectivity. Specifically, lower reflectivity enhances sensitivity, while higher reflectivity contributes to greater spectral stability. These findings highlight the critical role of reflectivity in shaping the spectral modulation characteristics of FBGs, establishing a critical theoretical framework for precision optical sensor systems. The outcomes give significant contributions to the design and calibration of FBG-based sensors, particularly biomedical applications where precision and responsiveness are paramount.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1058-1068
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Energy analysis and comparative study of n-wheel graphs in hierarchical wireless sensor network architectures

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26499
Jerlinkasmir; Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Rubancharles , Naseema Valiyaveettil; KMEA Engineering college Abdul Lathief , Veninstine; Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Vivik Joseph
The energy analysis of the newly introduced n-wheel graph, employs diverse matrix representations such as the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix, and maximum degree matrix. This novel graph model resembles a hierarchical wireless sensor network (WSN), with a central hub serving as the communication center. The graph is organized into cycles, reflecting tiers of devices or sensors, with the hub managing wireless communication across these tiers. Through comparative analysis of energy variations, particularly focusing on ordinary energy, Laplacian energy, and maximum degree energy, offers a deeper understanding on the potential benefits of the n-wheel graph model, guiding future research and practical applications in the design of advanced hierarchical network structures.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 932-942
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Design of a soft circular patch antenna operating in the 60 GHz band for 5G/6G applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26722
Salah-Eddine; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Didi , Imane; LSEED Laboratory Halkhams , Abdelhafid; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Es-Saqy , Mohammed; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fattah , Said; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Mazer , Moulhime; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University El Bekkali
5G/6G technologies require higher-performance antennas in terms of bandwidth, gain, radiation, compact size, efficiency, and low cost. At the same time, fewer natural disturbances, such as rain and snow, and fewer non-natural disturbances. This is the challenge facing scientific research into antenna design and manufacture. In addition, in this paper we study and design a flexible circular microstrip patch antenna operating in the 60 GHz band for 5G/6G applications. This antenna is based on a biosourced substrate for industrial, scientific, and medical applications. For this study, we will use two techniques: one concerns the deformation of the ground plane deformation of the ground plane and substrate to improve the electrical performance of a proposed antenna. At the same time, the other is the parametric study of the appropriate position of a coaxial feed probe. This technique has the advantage of requiring no radiation contrition on the part of the coaxial probe. Next, specialized high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software is used to design this antenna; it has a wide bandwidth above 3 GHz, a gain of 7.41 dB, a directivity of 7.53 dB, a radiated power of 13.55 dBm, an accepted power of 13.67 dBm, an incident power of 15.08 dBm, a radiation efficiency of 97.29 % and an efficiency of 98.4 %.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1120-1127
Publish at: 2025-08-01

High-speed dividing device with the formation of quotient and remainder

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26306
Yevgeniya; Satbayev University Aitkhozhayeva , Khalicha; Satbayev University Yubuzova
Considered the possibility of accelerating the time-critical operation of division for multi-bit integers. This problem is significant since, so multi-bit integers are widely used in specialized devices, including cryptographic transformations. A method for high-speed quotient and remainder determination with optimal hardware costs is proposed. A preliminary increase in the divisor and its subsequent decrease by shifting it to the right are used. A structural diagram and functional diagram of the hardware implementation have been developed using high-speed combinational logic circuits. The device’s principle of operation, its step-by-step process, and specific examples illustrating its correct operation and resource efficiency are addressed. On average, it takes (k/2+1) clock cycles to obtain the result, where (k+1) bit capacity of the quotient. In most division schemes with optimal hardware costs, the number of clock cycles required to obtain the quotient (without remainder) is (k+1). High-speed division with simultaneous determination of several quotient bits requires (m/p) clock cycles for the division operation, where p- the number of simultaneously determined quotient bits, m-bit capacity of dividend. However, this approach will require additional hardware. The research will continue by modeling the device in Vivado Design Suite computer aided design (CAD) based on Artix-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) from Xilinx.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 943-953
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Design of a concurrent tri-band LNA based on composite right/left-handed transmission line resonators

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26816
Faycal; Moulay Ismail University El Hardouzi , Mohammed; Moulay Ismail University Lahsaini , Mustapha; Moulay Ismail University Bahich , Badr; Moulay Ismail University Nasiri , Younes; Moulay Ismail University Achaoui
This article presents a three-band low noise amplifier (LNA) in microstrip technology based on composite right left handed transmmision line (CRLH TL) resonators for multi-band behavior, which has been designed to meet all the criteria that determine the quality of its operation. The transistor used is biased via a transmission line and matched by λ/4 transformer filters with CRLH-TL type resonators at the output to establish multiband behavior with improved band rejection to suppress unwanted frequencies and interference. The results demonstrate excellent performance at three frequencies: 900 MHz (15.03 dB gain), 2.1 GHz (13.58 dB gain), and 3.5 GHz (12.57 dB gain), with a noise figure below 2 dB and unconditional stability. The size of the proposed amplifier is 73×63 𝑚𝑚2 in area.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 896-905
Publish at: 2025-08-01

A novel-shaped THz MIMO antenna with high bandwidth for advanced 6G wireless application

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26559
Kamal Hossain; Daffodil International University Nahin , Jamal; Daffodil International University Hossain Nirob , Md. Ashraful; Daffodil International University Haque , Narinderjit Singh; INTI International University Sawaran Singh , Redwan Al Mahmud; Daffodil International University Bin Asad Ananta , Md. Kawsar; Daffodil International University Ahmed , Md. Sharif; Daffodil International University Ahammed , Liton; Pabna University of Science and Technology Chandra Paul
This article presents an industrial and innovation highly efficient drone shaped slotted graphene-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with improved isolation, designed for high-speed short-range communication, video rate imaging, medical imaging, and explosive detection in the THz band. The proposed antenna is constructed on an 88×244 μm2 polyimide substrate. Key performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency are evaluated at the resonating frequencies of 1.7 THz, 3.35 THz, and 5.31 THz, covering a wide bandwidth of 4.88 THz with a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 13.92 dB and a radiation efficiency of 95.77% within the resonating band. The MIMO design parameters include an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00015, a diversity gain (DG) of 9.9992, and an isolation of less than -31.55 dB between its elements across the entire bandwidth. The outcomes from CST simulations were verified by designing and simulating a similar resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) circuit in advanced design system (ADS), with both simulators producing comparable reflection coefficients. These features underscore the potential of the proposed antenna, utilizing simulations and an equivalent RLC circuit model, as a robust candidate for THz band applications in 6G wireless communication.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 847-856
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Business intelligence system model to measure the performance of lecturers’ scientific publications

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26221
Miwan Kurniawan; Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika Hidayat , Dedy; Universitas Trisakti Sugiarto , Rina; Universitas Trisakti Fitriana , Yun-Chia; Yuan Ze University Liang
Scientific publication data is sourced from the SINTA website to measure the performance of journals, institutions, and researchers in Indonesia. Accessing and analyzing data for institutional needs is restricted, and lecturer development patterns based on lecturer characteristics remain untapped. The study aims to analyze and design business intelligence system models to measure the performance of scientific publications using dimensional models, clustering, on-line analytical processing (OLAP), and prototyping. Research methods are carried out through data and information needs analysis, data warehouse design, data mining and OLAP application, business intelligence system development, and system evaluation. The resulting dimensional models are the researcher index model, the researcher score model, the publication article model, and the research subject model. Measurements of data size and processing time show that the star schema has data of 336 KB and a processing time of 0.00554 seconds, is the best model compared to the snowflake’s schema, which has data of 368 KB and a processing time of 0.00611 seconds. Davies–Bouldin Index (DBI) measurements show the best clustering performance is the X-means algorithm with K as many as 5 clusters (Kmin=3, Kmax=5) and a DBI value of 0.537040.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 954-964
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Energy scavenging-aided NOMA uplink communications: performance analysis

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26822
Huu; Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Q. Tran , Khuong; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho-Van
Energy scavenging-aided nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks significantly ameliorate energy-and-spectral efficiencies thanks to superimposing a multitude of user signals for concurrent transmission and harvesting radio frequency energy. Practically, energy harvesters possess non-linear characteristic and their efficiency is enhanced considerably with deployment of multiple antennas. Moreover, communication reliability and harvested energy are directly influenced by wireless propagation which induces simultaneous effects of shadowing, path loss, and fading. Accordingly, the current paper assesses analytically outage probability and throughput of energy scavenging (ES)-aided NOMA uplink communications (eNOMAu) taking into account the above-addressed realistic factors (κ − µ shadowed fading, multi-antenna deployment, ES nonlinearity). The results reveal considerable performance degradation caused by ES non-linearity and wireless propagation. Additionally, desired system performance can be reached flexibly with appropriate specification selection. In addition, accreting a quantity of antennas drastically mitigates the outage probability of eNOMAu, which can be minimized with optimal ES time selection. Furthermore, the proposed eNOMAu is considerably superior to its eOMAu counterpart.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 918-931
Publish at: 2025-08-01

An innovative approach for predictive modeling and staging of chronic kidney disease

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp684-707
Safa Boughougal , Mohamed Ridda Laouar , Abderrahim Siam , Sean Eom
Diagnosing silent diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) at an early stage is challenging due to the absence of symptoms, making early detection crucial to slowing disease progression. This study addresses this challenge by introducing a novel feature, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula. We enriched our dataset by incorporating this feature, effectively increasing the volume of data at our disposal. eGFR serves as a critical indicator for diagnosing CKD and assessing its progression, thereby guiding clinical management. Our focus is on developing machine learning and deep learning models for the efficient and precise prediction of CKD. To ensure the reliability of our approach, we employed robust data collection and preprocessing techniques, resulting in refined information for model training. Our methodology integrates various machine learning and deep learning models, including four machine learning algorithms: adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), random forest (RF), Bagging, and artificial neural network (ANN), as well as a hybrid model. Our proposed ANN_AdaBoost model not only introduces a novel perspective by addressing an identified gap but significantly enhances CKD prediction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 684-707
Publish at: 2025-08-01
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