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RIBATS: RSSI-based adaptive tracking system with ASEKF for indoor WSN

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp225-234
Rafina Destiarti Ainul , Hendi Wicaksono Agung
Wireless indoor tracking systems face challenges due to environmental conditions and signal attenuation, affecting location accuracy, crucial in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Many tracking techniques rely on specific path loss models proposed by previous researches, but these models are susceptible to changes in environmental conditions, impacting estimation outcomes. In order to solve these problems, this paper propose adaptive tracking system using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement parameter called as RIBATS. Adaptive in this system refers to the reliability of an algorithm for obtaining the accurate location without any path loss modelling at dynamic indoor environments. The enhancement of weighted centroid localization (eWCL) scheme calculates the location estimation only using RSSI data measurement without propagation characterisic determination. However, estimation result from eWCL still have high error at certain area. Hence, by defining a multiplier factor as adaptive scaled to the covariance matrix of EKF can eliminate distortion effects from eWCL called as adaptive scaled extended Kalman filter (ASEKF) algorithm. An effective variance estimation algorithm for adaptive indoor tracking system using eWCL and ASEKF combination achieve 0.82 meters mean square error (MSE) value with 55.67% error reduction. Then, without using multiplier scale factor at EKF algorithm only reduce previous eWCL at 3.78% with 1.78 meters MSE value.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 225-234
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Optimizing EfficientNet for imbalanced medical image classification using grey wolf optimization

10.11591/csit.v6i2.p112-121
Khusnul Khotimah , Sugiyarto Surono , Aris Thobirin
The advancement of deep learning in computer vision has result in substantial progress, particularly in image classification tasks. However, challenges arise when the model is applied to small and unbalanced datasets, such as X-ray data in medical applications. This study aims to improve the classification performance of fracture X-ray images using the EfficientNet architecture optimized with grey wolf optimization (GWO). EfficientNet was chosen for its efficiency in handling small datasets, while GWO was applied to optimize hyperparameters, including learning rate, weight decay, and dropout to improve model accuracy. Random cropping, rotation, flipping, color jittering, and random erasing, were used to expand the diversity of the dataset, and class weighting is applied to overcome class imbalance. The evaluation uses accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The combination of EfficientNetB0 and GWO resulted in an average 4.5% improvement in model performance over baseline methods. This approach provides benefits in developing deep learning methods for medical image classification, especially in dealing with small and imbalanced datasets.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 112-121
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Bibliometric analysis and short survey in CT scan image segmentation: identifying ischemic stroke lesion areas

10.11591/csit.v6i2.p91-101
Wahabou K. Taba Chabi , Sèmèvo Arnaud R. M. Ahouandjinou , Manhougbé Probus A. F. Kiki , Adoté François-Xavier Ametepe
Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Accurate segmentation of brain lesions plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable diagnosis and effective treatment planning, both of which are essential for improving clinical outcomes. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis and a concise review of medical image segmentation techniques applied to ischemic stroke lesions, with a focus on tomographic imaging data. A total of 2,014 publications from the Scopus database (2013–2023) were analyzed. Sixty key studies were selected for in-depth examination: 59.9% were journal articles, 29.9% were conference proceedings, and 4.7% were conference reviews. The year 2023 marked the highest volume of publications, representing 17% of the total. The most active countries in this area of research are China, the United States, and India. "Image segmentation" emerged as the most frequently used keyword. The top-performing studies predominantly used pre-trained deep learning models such as U-Net, ResNet, and various convolutional neural networks (CNNs), achieving high accuracy. Overall, the findings show that image segmentation has been widely adopted in stroke research for early detection of clinical signs and post-stroke evaluation, delivering promising outcomes. This study provides an up-to-date synthesis of impactful research, highlighting global trends and recent advancements in ischemic stroke medical image segmentation.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 91-101
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Effects of hyperparameter tuning on random forest regressor in the beef quality prediction model

10.11591/csit.v6i2.p159-166
Ridwan Raafi'udin , Yohanes Aris Purwanto , Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang , Dewi Apri Astuti
Prediction models for beef meat quality are necessary because production and consumption were significant and increasing yearly. This study aims to create a prediction model for beef freshness quality using the random forest regressor (RFR) algorithm and to improve the accuracy of the predictions using hyperparameter tuning. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in predicting beef quality is an easy, cheap, and fast technique. This study used six meat quality parameters as prediction target variables for the test. The R² metric was used to evaluate the prediction results and compare the performance of the RFR with default parameters versus the RFR with hyperparameter tuning (RandomSearchCV). Using default parameters, the R-squared (R²) values for color (L*), drip loss (%), pH, storage time (hour), total plate colony (TPC in cfu/g), and water moisture (%) were 0.789, 0.839, 0.734, 0.909, 0.845, and 0.544, respectively. After applying hyperparameter tuning, these R² scores increased to 0.885, 0.931, 0.843, 0.957, 0.903, and 0.739, indicating an overall improvement in the model’s performance. The average performance increase for prediction results for all beef quality parameters is 0.0997 or 14% higher than the default parameters.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 159-166
Publish at: 2025-07-01

HepatoScan: Ensemble classification learning models for liver cancer disease detection

10.11591/csit.v6i2.p167-175
Tella Sumallika , Raavi Satya Prasad
Liver cancer is a dangerous disease that poses significant risks to human health. The complexity of early detection of liver cancer increases due to the unpredictable growth of cancer cells. This paper introduces HepatoScan, an ensemble classification to detect and diagnose liver cancer tumors from liver cancer datasets. The proposed HepatoScan is the integrated approach that classifies the three types of liver cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and angiosarcoma. In the initial stage, liver cancer starts in the liver, while the second stage spreads from the liver to other parts of the body. Deep learning is an emerging domain that develops advanced learning models to detect and diagnose liver cancers in the early stages. We train the pre-trained model InceptionV3 on liver cancer datasets to identify advanced patterns associated with cancer tumors or cells. For accurate segmentation and classification of liver lesions in computed tomography (CT) scans, the ensemble multi-class classification (EMCC) combines U-Net and mask region-based convolutional network (R-CNN). In this context, researchers use the CT scan images from Kaggle to analyze the liver cancer tumors for experimental analysis. Finally, quantitative results show that the proposed approach obtained an improved disease detection rate with mean squared error (MSE)-11.34 and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)-10.34, which is high compared with existing models such as fuzzy C-means (FCM) and kernel fuzzy C-means (KFCM). The classification results obtained based on detection rate with accuracy-0.97%, specificity-0.99%, recall-0.99%, and F1S-0.97% are very high compared with other existing models.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 167-175
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Blockchain technology for optimizing security and privacy in distributed systems

10.11591/csit.v6i2.p210-220
Wisnu Uriawan , Adrian Putra Pratama , Shafwan Mursyid
Blockchain technology is increasingly recognized as an effective solution for addressing security and privacy challenges in distributed systems. Blockchain ensures information security by validating data and defending against cyber threats, while guaranteeing data integrity through transaction validation and reliable storage. The research involves a literature study, problem identification, analysis of blockchain security and privacy, model development, testing, and analysis of trial results. Furthermore, blockchain enables user anonymity and fosters transparency by utilizing a distributed network, reducing the risk of fraudulent activities. Its decentralized nature ensures high reliability and accessibility, even in node failures. Blockchain enhances security and privacy by offering features like data immutability, provenance, and reduced reliance on trust. It decentralizes data storage, making tampering or deletion extremely challenging, and ensures the invalidation of subsequent blocks upon any changes. Blockchain finds applications in various domains, including supply chains, finance, healthcare, and government, enabling enhanced security by tracking data origin and ownership. Despite scalability and security challenges, the potential benefits of reduced costs, increased efficiency, and improved transparency position blockchain as a promising technology for the future. In summary, blockchain technology provides secure transaction recording and data storage, thus enhancing security, privacy, and the integrity of sensitive information in distributed systems.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 210-220
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Torque ripple minimization and performance enhancement of switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle application

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp70-78
Yogesh B. Mandake , Deepak S. Bankar , Amit L. Nehete
Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are an attractive choice for electric vehicle (EV) applications but suffer from certain limitations, such as high torque ripple and acoustic noise. This paper presents ongoing research and development activity details to enhance the performance of SRMs for EV applications. The poor performance of a conventional SRM which is available in market with a rating of 8/6 poles, 48 V, 500 W, and 2,000 rpm is tested. A motor model of the same rating is developed using ANSYS Maxwell software. Motor performance parameters important for EV applications, such as efficiency, rated torque and torque ripple are compared with the conventional motor. One novel technique to reduce the torque ripple of SRM is discussed along with the results. Torque ripple of developed software model is reduced by 24.52% without a reduction in the efficiency and rated torque of the motor. The performance of the developed SRM software model is better compared to conventional SRMs available in the market. 2D and 3D models of SRM were presented using ANSYS Maxwell software.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 70-78
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Using ResNet architecture with MRI for classification of brain images

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp148-158
Subramanian Dhanalakshmi , Subramanian Arulselvi
A strong classification model that can correctly detect abnormalities and neurological disorders in brain images is the main goal. The focus of this research is on improving the accuracy of MRI brain image categorization using residual networks (ResNet) methods. Improving the model's capacity to extract complex characteristics from MRI images and achieving more accurate classification results is the aim of using ResNet architectures. By conducting extensive experiments and validating our results, our project aims to attain top-notch performance in brain image classification tasks. The goal is to help improve medical diagnosis and treatment planning. A secondary goal of the research is to determine if deep learning approaches have any use in radiology, with the hope that this will lead to better medical image analysis pipelines. The main objective is to make it easier to identify neurological problems early on, which will enhance patient outcomes and allow for more calculated treatment decisions. Results proved that the proposed ResNet system achieves 98.8% overall accuracy with 98.6% sensitivity and 99% specificity.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 148-158
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Word embedding and imbalanced learning impact on Indonesian Quran ontology population

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp603-613
Fandy Setyo Utomo , Yuli Purwati , Mohd Sanusi Azmi , Lulu Shafira , Nikmah Trinarsih
This research addresses limitations in Quranic instance classification, exceptionally high dimensionality, lack of semantic relationships in the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) technique, and imbalanced data distribution, which reduce prediction accuracy for minority classes. This study investigates the impact of word embedding and imbalance learning techniques on instance classification frameworks using Indonesian Quran translation and Tafsir datasets to handle previous research limitations. Four classification frameworks were built and evaluated using accuracy and hamming loss metrics. The results show that the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) technique, TF-IDF model, and logistic regression classifier provide the best accuracy results of 62.74% and a hamming loss score of 0.3726 on the Quraish Shihab Tafsir dataset. This is better than the performance of previous classifiers backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machine (SVM) used in the previous framework, with accuracies of 59.91% and 62.26%, respectively. Logistic regression can also provide the best classification results with an accuracy of 67.92% and a hamming loss of 0.3208 using the previous framework. These results are better than the performance of the previous classifiers BPNN and SVM used in the previous framework, with accuracies of 62.26% and 66.98%, respectively. TF-IDF feature extraction outperforms word2vec in instance classification results due to its superior support under limited dataset conditions.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 603-613
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Internet of things based smart agriculture using K-nearest neighbor for enhancing the crop yield

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp436-445
Kalyankumar Dasari , Mukund Ramdas Kharde , Kuruva Maddileti , Venkat Rao Pasupuleti , Mylavarapu Kalyan Ram , Challapalli Sujana , Govindu Komali , Shaik Baba Fariddin
Agriculture is one of the major occupations in India and is one of the significant contributors to the economy of India. The agriculture plays a vital role in country gross domestic product (GDP) and is also part of civilization. The production of crop influences the economies of countries. However, still the agriculture filed stands technologically backward. In addition, the lack of favourable weather conditions might result loss of crops yields. The farmers need awareness about their soils, timely weather updates and techniques to improve their soil for growing healthy crops. Hence it is essential to develop a system which can technologically support the farmers for suggesting the crop and improving crop yields. With the development of electronics, researchers have been developed many applications and micro controllerbased systems to do agricultural operations. The internet of things (IoT) has opened many opportunities to design and implements a smart agriculture system and machine learning (ML) algorithm can help to obtain accurate performance. Hence, in this analysis, IoT based smart agriculture using K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for enhancing the crop yields is presented. With the combination of IoT and ML algorithm this system is designed which integrates primary agriculture operations such as recommendation of crops, automated watering and fertilizers recommendation.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 436-445
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Design and development of an automated spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) algae cultivator

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp139-147
Miguel Q. Mariñas II , Mark Joseph B. Enojas , Daryll C. Balolong , Charissa Zandra B. Correa , Lemmuel Keith C. Roldan , Mark Lester Teves , Christian Mari Dela Cruz
The cultivation of algae has gotten more attention from algae enthusiasts who have seen the benefits of algae in many uses. To maximize productivity, the parameters for growth of this algae must be controlled, such as pH, turbidity, light intensity, and the mixture solution for optimal growth. In this paper, an automated spirulina algae cultivator is designed and developed in a small-scale pond to replace the existing manual process. The system developed is composed of compact and modular cultivation unit, ph sensor, water level sensor, turbidity sensor, light intensity sensor, and motor actuators for mixing solutions. Each parameter was controlled individually in an on-off control system. A simple nutrient addition program (SNAP) solution is also used for better growth productivity by maximizing its nutrient contents. The pH is maintained at 9 to 12 for a healthy biomass output. Daily weight measurement was conducted using an analytical balance to monitor its growth. Using the developed prototype recorded a 33% higher rate of productivity over the manual process. This setup can potentially be used as a model for mass production of spirulina algae.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 139-147
Publish at: 2025-07-01

An approach for loss minimization and capacity savings in residential microgrid networks in Oman

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp1-10
Sasidharan Sreedharan , Parmal Singh Solanki , Magdy S. Abdelfatah , I Made Wartana
In this paper, an approach for end-user-based energy saving and loss reduction technique in residential networks has been proposed. The proposed approach is applied to an Oman case study of community microgrid networks by connecting automatically switched capacitors to improve power factor and analyzed for capacity saving and loss minimization. The proposed approach can reduce the cost of electrical bills in the total community microgrid by minimizing losses and the capacity investment cost saving of all equipments in the transmission and distribution line from the generation to the end user. In addition, this study focuses on the healthy conclusion that average kVA capacity could be saved to an extent of 12.22% and in economic terms, approximately USD 3.68 per hour in the microgrid. This proposed technique can be implemented as a model community project for other similar residential community systems.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 1-10
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Web GIS-based postcode alternative system for resolving “last mile” problem in Jordan’s home delivery

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp531-544
Firas Omar , Ahmad Nabot , Bilal Sowan
As more and more people shop online, the postal code system must be more dependable. Due to the absence of a comprehensive postcode system, online purchases and shipping in the developing country of Jordan are complicated. This research paper proposes an alternative delivery system for delivering online purchases to customers without postal codes. Smartphone and computer-based geographic information system (GIS) applications evaluated in Jordan. The scientists found that the users were eager to adopt the system based on its ease of use and adoption rate. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 167 retail stores, delivery logistics employees, university students, and academics. The data collected were then analyzed using SPSS techniques such as POST HOC and ANOVA. To find a home delivery solution, we tested the suggested system app on both desktop and Smartphone platforms. The findings show that it is easier to locate a residential neighborhood. Customer trust and satisfaction with online purchases should increase due to the additional benefits of the system installation. Improve the effectiveness of home delivery services in Jordan with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Both customers and stores prefer this system for online shopping rather than using postcodes. According to these data, experts can enhance their items by implementing digital sales strategies.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 531-544
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Renewable energy conversion systems for global emission neutralization

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp79-88
Suwarno Suwarno , Catra Indra Cahyadi , Pardamean Manurung , Abdul Rahim , Farhan Tanjung , Herman Birje , Fadly Syafni , Muhammad Ridho Kurnia , Ismail Faruqi
Fossil fuel power plants still play an essential role in providing energy worldwide, but their environmental impact will contribute significantly to emissions and environmental pollution. To reduce these emissions, renewable energy offers a solution to reduce global emissions. This study proposes a renewable energy modeling system using hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) simulation on renewable energy systems for economic savings. This simulation can combine photovoltaic (PV), wind power (WP), and converter systems. The hybrid combination of PV and WP is the most appropriate and economical choice at the research location. The results showed that the modeling of the renewable energy hybrid system made a significant contribution, with an initial investment cost of IDR 107,474.43 million and an annual operating cost of IDR 22,540.23 million, 41% lower on condition now with an estimated return on investment of 11 years. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for similar conditions in other places. Policymakers can use this model to provide incentives and have a positive impact on hybrid power plants (HPS) in neutralizing global emissions.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 79-88
Publish at: 2025-07-01

Short-term recall comparison of iconic auditory and visual feedback stimuli in a memory game

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp310-321
György Wersényi , Ádám Csapó , József Tóllár
Multimedia user interfaces incorporate various feedback methods using different modalities. Cognitive processing of audiovisual information requires the ability to recall visual and auditory information, either separately, or in combination. Short-term memory capabilities vary individually and depend on factors such as signal presentation and the number and type of visual and auditory items. In an experiment involving 40 subjects, we aimed to compare short-term auditory and visual capabilities in a serious game application. Subjects played the ‘Pairs’ game at different resolutions, using either visual icons or audio samples, while the total time cost and number of flips were recorded. The results indicate that visual memory is not superior, and female subjects performed better than males at higher levels in the visual task. Additionally, human sound samples, speech and familiar auditory icons were found to be easier to recall than artificial measurement signals.
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Page: 310-321
Publish at: 2025-07-01
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