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31,456 Article Results

Depression and post traumatic stress disorder analysis with multi-modal data

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2358-2366
Rajalakshmi Sivanaiah , Angel Deborah Suseelan , Krupa Elizabeth Thannickal , Sanmati Pirabahar
With an increasing global population and more people living to the age when major depressive disorder (MDD) or post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly occurs, the number of those who suffer from such disorders is rising. Studies have also shown a high likelihood of comorbidity between these 2 disorders. This comorbidity can worsen symptoms, increase the risk of chronicity, and complicate treatment, significantly impacting patients’ emotional wellbeing and social and occupational functioning. There is a need to enable faster and reliable diagnosis methods, while taking into account the subjectivity of individuals and the role of behavioural cues. The proposed approach analyses the combination of audio, video and text input features (multi-modal data) of the subject to determine the severity class of MDD and PTSD. The DistilBERT transformer is used for learning and building a model with the textual modality and random forest classifiers for the audio and video modalities. An ensemble of these 3 models from 3 modalities performs better in the final classification of MDD and PTSD when compared to individual models. This work also covers a comparison of the models with different splits on the dataset. This ensembled system shows an improved accuracy of 2% to 7% for the MDD and PTSD multi class classification over the models tested on individual modalities.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2358-2366
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Improvisation in detection of pomegranate leaf disease using transfer learning techniques

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp1930-1939
Shivappa M. Metagar , Gyanappa A. Walikar
To provide the growing world population with food and satisfy their fundamental requirements, agriculture is a vital industry. The cultivation of cereals and vegetables is indispensable for both human sustenance and the worldwide economy. Many farmers in rural areas suffer substantial losses because they rely on manual monitoring of crops and lack sufficient information and disease detection methods. Digital farming techniques may provide a novel way to swiftly and simply identify illnesses in the leaves of plants. This article uses image processing and transfer learning techniques for identifying plant leaf ailments and taking preventative action in the agriculture business in order to address these problems. Global food security and agricultural productivity are seriously threatened by leaf disease. Crop losses may be considerably decreased, and crop output can be increased by promptly identifying and diagnosing leaf diseases. Deep learning can mitigate the adverse impact of artificially picking disease spot data, enhance objectivity in extracting plant disease traits, and expedite the advancement of new technologies. This article presents a novel approach using deep learning to diagnose leaf diseases. This article advances the development of efficient and successful techniques for recognizing and diagnosing leaf diseases, which will eventually aid farmers and maintain the security of the world's food supply.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1930-1939
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Optimizing rice leaf disease classification through convolutional neural network architectural modification and augmentation techniques

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp3429-3438
Mohamad Firdaus , Kusrini Kusrini , I Made Artha Agastya , Rodrigo Martínez-Béjar
This research focuses on advancing the accuracy of rice leaf disease classification through the integration of convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep learning models. With Indonesia ranking third in global rice production, effective crop management is crucial for sustaining agricultural output. This study employs innovative data augmentation techniques, including random zoom and others, to enhance model training robustness. The experimentation involves eight scenarios with varied architectural configurations applied to a residual network-50 (ResNet50) layers model, aiming to optimize disease classification performance. Featuring random zoom without the multilayer perceptron (MLP) component, emerges as the most effective, demonstrating superior accuracy and performance metrics. A grid search is conducted to optimize MLP layers, revealing a three-layer configuration as most effective. We found that the data augmentation and MLP layer can increase the accuracy of the disease classification task. The method proposed in this study is likely to have a much higher proportion of correct disease classification by combining MLP and zoom augmentation. Specifically, the model with three MLP layers and zoom augmentation demonstrated significantly higher accuracy, achieving a test accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.92, 0.94, 0.92, and 0.92, respectively.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 3429-3438
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Enhancing training performance for small models using data-centric approaches

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2951-2964
Reda A. El-Khoribi , Eid Emary , Amr Essam Hassan
In this work, we propose a new system to improve the performance of classification models by applying data-centric principles. The system optimizes datasets by removing poor-quality samples and generating high-quality synthetic data. We tested the system on various classification models and datasets, measuring its performance with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results showed significant improvements in classification performance, highlighting the effectiveness of this data-centric approach. While the scalability to large-scale datasets is still an open question, it offers great potential for future research. This approach could be valuable in critical areas like healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, where high-quality data is crucial. Future work could explore advanced data augmentation, adapting the system for different data types like text and time-series, and extending it to semi-supervised and unsupervised learning. Our findings emphasize the importance of data quality in achieving better model performance, often overlooked in favor of model architecture. By advancing data-centric artificial intelligence (AI), this work offers a practical framework for researchers and practitioners to optimize datasets and improve machine learning systems.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 2951-2964
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Novel internet of things-spectroscopy methods for targeted water pollutants in household point-of-use environments

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i3.26569
Syahidah Nurani; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Zulkifli , Herlina Abdul; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Rahim , Nurul Adilla Mohd; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Subha
Ensuring water quality remains a paramount concern to prevent adverse health effects on consumers. Water quality monitoring primarily focuses on water utilities and infrastructure, such as treatment plants and reservoirs. More information is needed on the status of water once it enters the consumption phase, particularly at the point-of-use (POU). Therefore, this study aims to provide a scientific understanding of water quality in response to microbial contaminants in Malaysia’s household water system using the non-invasive benchtop near-infrared (NIR)-Raman spectroscopy approach. This study also provided the effects of seasonal variations and stagnation periods on the quality of water supply, corresponding to microbial contaminants. Findings show that almost 20% of the water samples contained Legionella and Salmonella species through the Raman spectral identification technique. The distinct signature peaks (ranging from 400 cm-1 to 1,800 cm-1) indicative of specific bacterial species are identified. However, benchtop Raman spectroscopy has application constraints in real-time water quality monitoring. Hence, acknowledging its limitation, this study proposed a new internet of things (IoT)-based micro-spectrometer as an alternative to rapid and sustainable POUs water quality assessment. Leveraging IoT protocols enhances the reliability and efficiency of identifying microbiological threats in water supply.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 703-715
Publish at: 2025-06-01

A novel convolutional neural network architecture for Alzheimer’s disease classification using magnetic resonance imaging data

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp3519-3526
Suhaila Abuowaida , Zaid Mustafa , Ahmad Aburomman , Nawaf Alshdaifat , Musab Iqtait
Accurate categorization of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for medical diagnosis and the development of therapeutic strategies. Deep learning models have shown significant potential in this endeavor; however, they often encounter difficulties due to the intricate and varied characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease. To address this difficulty, we suggest a new and innovative architecture for Alzheimer’s disease classification using magnetic resonance data. This design is named Res-BRNet and combines deep residual and boundary-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Res-BRNet utilizes a methodical fusion of boundary-focused procedures within adapted spatial and residual blocks. The spatial blocks retrieve information relating to uniformity, diversity, and boundaries of Alzheimer’s disease, although the residual blocks successfully capture texture differences at both local and global levels. We conducted a performance assessment of Res-BRNet. The Res-BRNet surpassed conventional CNN models, with outstanding levels of accuracy (99.22%). The findings indicate that Res-BRNet has promise as a tool for classifying Alzheimer’s disease, with the ability to enhance the precision and effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 3519-3526
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Optimized wireless power transfer for moving electric vehicles by real-time modification of frequency and estimation of coupling coefficient

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2706-2712
Kazuya Yamaguchi , Haruto Terada , Ryusei Okamura , Kenichi Iida
In order to prevent global warming, electric vehicles are increasingly recommended than gasoline-powered vehicles that have been widely used in the past. However, problems peculiar to electric vehicles exists, and their widespread utilize is not progressing in Japan and other developed countries. This study performed wireless power transfer assuming that electric vehicles are stationary on a road at some distance from an AC power supply. Frequency of a power supply has significant influence on efficiency of wireless power transfer, and it is important to adjust this value on any situation. Therefore, an experiment was conducted based on the optimal frequency expression derived in the past to confirm the correctness of the expression, finally it achieved 60% transport efficiency. Moreover, since the expression includes coupling coefficient between transmission and receiving inductors, its value must be estimated accurately. In this study, an experiment was conducted to estimate value of coupling coefficient using current and voltage values measured from outside circuits, and it was compared with a theoretical expression obtained from laws on electromagnetics.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 2706-2712
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Comparative analysis of YOLOv8 techniques: OpenCV and coordinate attention weighting for distance perception in blind navigation systems

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp3267-3278
Ema Utami , Erwin Syahrudin , Anggit Dwi Hartanto
Blindness is a very important issue to consider in research aimed at assisting vision. This condition requires further study to provide solutions for the blind. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of the you only look once v8 (YOLOv8) model integrated with OpenCV and the coordinate attention weighting (CAW) technique for distance estimation in a blind navigation system. Initially, YOLOv8 integrated with OpenCV produced less than optimal results, prompting further improvement efforts to surpass the performance of CAW. The goal is to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of distance perception without the need for additional sensors. The materials used include a variety of datasets annotated with distance information to train and evaluate the model. The methods employed include integrating YOLOv8 with OpenCV for baseline comparison and applying CAW to improve distance perception through enhanced feature attention. The results show that YOLOv8+OpenCV Improved achieves the lowest mean squared error (MSE) across the entire distance range: 0-1 m (0.44), 1-2 m (0.50), 2-3 m (0.58), 3-4 m (0.64), and 4-5 m (0.71). YOLOv8+CAW also outperforms YOLOv8+OpenCV original, demonstrating a notable enhancement in accuracy. The model achieves a detection accuracy of 95.7%, showcasing the effectiveness of computer vision techniques in supporting blind navigation systems, offering precise distance estimation capabilities and reducing the reliance on external sensors. The implications include improved real-time performance and accessibility for the blind, paving the way for more efficient and reliable navigation assistance technologies.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 3267-3278
Publish at: 2025-06-01

An optimized transfer learning-based approach for Crocidolomia pavonana larvae classification

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2270-2281
Risnawati Risnawati , Rodiah Rodiah , Sarifuddin Madenda , Diana Tri Susetianingtias
The increasing demand for mustard greens has driven farmers to continuously improve mustard greens cultivation. One of the challenges in mustard greens cultivation is the presence of insect pests. A significant pest in mustard greens is Crocidolomia pavonana (C. pavonana). C. pavonana damages plants by feeding on various parts, especially the leaves. The initial step in controlling them is insect pest monitoring. Monitoring aims to establish the control threshold. C. pavonana larvae have four instar stages: instar 1, 2, 3, and 4. Identification of the instar larval stages utilizes deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify C. Pavonana larvae on mustard greens using ResNet50V2 and DenseNet169 architectures optimized to enhance classification accuracy. The classification evaluation results show that both DenseNet169 and ResNet50V2 models achieve high accuracy, with DenseNet169 reaching the highest accuracy at 97.1%, while ResNet50V2 achieves an accuracy of 94.2%. The lower loss values on the test data compared to the validation data indicate that the deep learning models have successfully captured the patterns in C. pavonana images for classification. This classification process is expected to be one of the activities in monitoring the instar larvae to improve the accuracy of insecticide spraying and enhance mustard greens production.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2270-2281
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Identification of potential depression in social media posts

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2096-2103
Munawar Munawar , Yulhendri Yulhendri
The widespread use of social media to convey emotions (including depression) can be used to identify suspected depression in social media posts by examining the language that they have used on social media. This study aims to develop a system for detecting suspected depression in social media posts using sentiment analysis. This study collected data from X (Twitter) for three months using the keywords depression, mental health, and mental disorders. 1,502 data were generated due to the cleaning process of the 5,000 data collected. The findings of employing the validated by psychologist valence aware dictionary and sentiment reasoner (VADER) and Indonesian sentiment (InSet) lexicons demonstrate that VADER is more accurate (95.1%) than Inset (76.9%). The results of modeling with random forest, naive Bayes, and support vector machine (SVM) showed that random forest had the highest accuracy (83.3%), followed by naive Bayes (80.5%) and SVM (80.4%). Predicting social media data using lexicons and machine learning has limits that can be addressed by validation from clinical psychology. The frequency, timing, and idiom of posts on social media can reveal signs of depression. Depression seems to be best described by words like melancholy, stress, sadness, worthlessness, and depression.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2096-2103
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Robust deep learning approach for accurate detection of brain tumor and analysis

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp3226-3237
Lanke Pallavi , Thati Ramya , Singupurapu Sai Charan , Sirigadha Amith , Thodupunuri Akshay Kumar
Usually, one of the foremost predominant and intricate therapeutic conditions. As broadly perceived, brain tumors are among the foremost significantly harmful circumstances that can radically abbreviate a person’s life expectancy. Various methods are lacking for observing the assortment of tumor sizes, shapes, and areas. When merged with strategies of profound learning, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are competent of catching the measurements, areas, and structures of tumors. Profound learning frameworks will move forward upon the shortage of datasets. It can moreover progress photographs with determination. Classifying and partitioning brain tumors productively is significant. GANs are used in conjunction with an overarching learning handle. A profound learning design called NeuroNet19, could be an intercross of visual geometry group (VGG19) and inverted pyramid pooling module (IPPM) which is utilized to recognize brain tumors. It is clear that, NeuroNet19 employments the foremost exact technique in comparison to all models (DenseNet121, MobileNet, ResNet50, VGG16). The exactness examination gave a Cohen Kappa coefficient of 99% and a F1-score of 99.2%
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 3226-3237
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Machine learning-based hybrid emotions recognition model using electroencephalogram signals

10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp3180-3190
Tarun Kumar , Rajendra Kumar , Ram Chandra Singh
This paper uses Hindi video clips to propose an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal-based hybrid system for emotion identification. EEG signals cannot be altered, unlike other forms of expressiveness-like voice and facial emotion. The suggested approach uses a self-created dataset under the control environments. Accuracy is the main objective of the proposed model. This study used a self-created constructed using an 8-channel unicorn black hybrid EEG machine on 30 participants while they viewed Hindi movie video clips mimicking emotions: happy, fearful, sad, and neutral. The proposed model used a two-hybrid classifier support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), implemented using MATLAB R2017a. In the proposed implementation, the four emotion classification categories (happy, sad, fear, and neutral) observed an average accuracy of 60.832%. The results of the presented study were compared with two recent systems. It was found that the proposed system observed better accuracy for the category of NHP five classes and the category of HP Five Classes.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page: 3180-3190
Publish at: 2025-06-01

IoT-based cricket environment system to maximize egg production and reduce mortality rate

10.11591/ijra.v14i2.pp281-289
Dominic Miracle Tjandrata , Suryadiputra Liawatimena
The deployment of Internet of things (IoT) technologies presents an opportunity to improve efficiency in cricket farming. This study investigates the implementation of an IoT-based system utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller, a suite of environmental sensors, and actuators. The system is supported by a ThingsBoard dashboard for data visualization and a Telegram bot for notifications. The setup was tested on a single cricket cage over a 28-day period and compared against a control group. Each cage contained 20 male and 100 female Cliring crickets. Key parameters analyzed included temperature, humidity, soil moisture, egg yield, food conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate. Findings show that the IoT-enabled cage consistently maintained optimal environmental conditions—temperature (20 to 32 °C), humidity (65% to 85%), and soil moisture (60% to 80%)—unlike the control, which experienced greater variability. The IoT cage yielded 87.28 grams of eggs, a 33.33% improvement over the control's 65.46 grams. Additionally, FCR improved from 2.53 to 2.01 grams per egg, and mortality rate dropped from 0.816 to 0.708. These results underscore the effectiveness of IoT systems in enhancing environmental stability, productivity, and survival rates in small- to medium-scale cricket farming operations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 281-289
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven chatbot responses in diabetes knowledge: a readability and reliability assessment

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2379-2388
Muhammad Thesa Ghozali , Woro Supadmi , Fadya Bella Suci Maharani , Aloina Jean Rassyifa
Patient education is vital in diabetes management, empowering patients with necessary knowledge and skills to manage condition effectively. However, traditional educational methods often face challenges such as limited access to healthcare professionals and variability in information quality. This study aimed to assess the reliability and readability of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbot responses in disseminating diabetes knowledge. Technically, the diabetes knowledge questionnaire (DKQ-24) was administered to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven chatbot in disseminating diabetes-related information. Responses were evaluated for reliability and quality applying the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scale and global quality scale (GQS), and readability was assessed using the Flesch reading ease (FRE) score, Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), gunning fog index (GFI), Coleman-Liau index (CLI), and simple measure of gobbledygook (SMOG). The mean mDISCERN score was 31.50±2.89, indicating generally reliable responses. The median GQS score was 4, reflecting the high overall quality. The readability assessment revealed a mean FRE score of 66.30, indicating that the text was fairly easy to read. FKGL mean score was 6.54±3.19, suggesting the text was suitable for readers at a sixth-grade level. In conclusion, AI-driven chatbot provides reliable and high-quality information on the diabetes self-management, but it requires improvements to enhance accessibility.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2379-2388
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Support group model for Vietnamese people affected by substance abuse and HIV/AIDS

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25129
Loan Hoi Nguyen , Minh Thanh Bui , Trang Thu Nguyen
As commonly seen in East and Southeast Asia, one of the major responses of the Vietnamese government to substance abuse is compulsory drug rehabilitation, which was found not very effective with a high relapse rate. Since 2000s, many people affected by substance abuse (PASA) in Vietnam started actively seeking help from group models in Buddhist temples for their substance abuse and HIV/AIDS problems. This case study aimed to examine the philosophical foundation, theoretical mechanism, implementation, and tentative outcomes of the group work model with the PASA at a Buddhist temple in the North of Vietnam. This qualitative approach study collected data from participation observation, reports collected from the temple, and 14 in-depth interviews with two monks, two rehabilitation therapists, and 10 PASA, mostly narcotic addicts, who participated in the group model in the temple. Results of the study show that PASA were self-motivated to voluntarily participate and maintain their membership in the group model. The head monk/master and his fellow monks played the role of the para-interventionists to provide comprehensive care for PASA members using Buddhist core values and philosophy in its approach. Both the para-interventionists and group members perceived their relationship with each other as equal, respectful, supportive, and therapeutic. The results provide implications for the development of new intervention models that are culturally appropriate in the unique sociocultural context of Vietnam and other countries that shared similar religious influences.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 729-739
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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