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Electroencephalography and heart rate variability prognostics in mental health therapies for Malaysian workers

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25224
Nurnadiah Zamri , Samhani Ismail , Azimah Ismail , Norsuhaily Abu Bakar , Siti Nurani Hassan , Tuan Sharipah Tuan Hadi , Amir Zulhilmi Yahaya , Chong Siew Koon , Nor Azmi Abu Bakar
Globally, over a million individuals succumb to suicide annually, with depression contributing to 6.7% of these tragic deaths. Such crises often stem from life-induced pressures, escalating into severe mental health issues. Recognizing these early signs is pivotal, but insufficient without effective therapeutic measures. This study endeavors to address these challenges by exploring patient responses to therapy using electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) data. Conducted in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, the research involves workers and employs aromatherapy, deep breathing exercises, and ruqyah alongside a control group. EEG and HRV signals monitor brain wave patterns and heart rhythm coherence, aiding in identifying depression, stress, and anxiety indicators. Integrating questionnaire data including the depression-anxiety-stress-scale (DASS), beck depression inventory (BDI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and statistical analysis, the study aims to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in enhancing relaxation and mental well-being. Metrics like HRV coherence ratio and EEG delta wave activity offer insights into therapy optimization. Results suggest deep breathing exercises and aromatherapy as most effective in inducing calmness, followed by ruqyah. By tailoring therapy to individual needs, especially among workers, the study endeavors to foster mental health resilience in communities, paving the path towards a mentally healthier populace.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 760-772
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Intravenous drug administration application for pediatric patients via augmented reality

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2412-2422
Kritsada Puangsuwan , Siriwan Kajornkasirat , Jaruphat Wongpanich , Chulalak Kaewsuk , Simaporn Puangsuwan
This research presents the development of the intravenous drug administration application for pediatric patients using augmented reality (AR) technology, with a primary focus on aiding nursing students in administering medications accurately to reduce the risk of errors. The system architecture encompasses two core components: the creation of medication preparation videos and detailed drug information, and the design of a mobile application featuring medication list display, drug dosage calculation, user satisfaction assessment, and intravenous drug information addition. The system classifies users into administrators and nursing students, allowing administrators to manage user information in the member database. the application seamlessly integrates Visual Studio Code, flutter, dart programming language, firebase database, and AR.js Studio for QR code-linked videos. Operating in four main parts, namely users, mobile application, member database, and results display, the IDA application enables users to log in, access detailed drug information, calculate dosages, and view AR-based medication preparation videos. Tested with 111 nursing students, the system demonstrated functionality, completeness, and accuracy. The Likert scale-based evaluation revealed high satisfaction levels in content, design, functionality, and benefits received, affirming the intravenous drug administration application's effectiveness in pediatric intravenous drug management through AR, offering an innovative solution for nursing education and error reduction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2412-2422
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Physician acceptability of oral ivermectin versus permethrin in scabies treatment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24960
Rowena F. Genuino , Maria Christina Filomena R. Batac , Alena Marie B. Mariano , Belen L. Dofitas , Francis R. Capule , Fernando B. Garcia Jr. , Mary Ann J. Ladia , Malaya P. Santos , Ailyn M. Yabes , Maria Stephanie Fay S. Cagayan
Oral ivermectin may be a cheaper and more convenient alternative to topical permethrin for classic scabies but its acceptability among physicians in the Philippines is underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to investigate physicians’ experiences and perceptions regarding oral ivermectin, alone or in combination with permethrin, and only permethrin in the treatment of classic scabies. We interviewed 15 purposively sampled Filipino physicians: nine have prescribed only permethrin, one has prescribed either oral ivermectin or permethrin alone, and five have prescribed all three regimens for scabies. Interview data were analyzed and thematically organized using the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA). Our findings reveal mixed awareness and experience with ivermectin among Filipino physicians: while most were generally confident in permethrin as the standard care, combination therapy was reserved as a last resort. These insights highlight the need for ongoing education, clearer guidelines, and further research to improve the efficacy and accessibility of scabies treatments while addressing physicians' varying perceptions and self-efficacy in alternative treatments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 997-1007
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Visceral manipulation intervention in functional dyspepsia with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24874
Arisandy Achmad , Haidzir Manaf
Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms like early satiety, postprandial fullness, and epigastric pain, affecting individuals with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim was to systematically map and summarize the existing literature on visceral manipulation interventions for functional dyspepsia. The systematic review followed rigorous methodology to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The study involved electronic searches of four major databases and five stages to review references to screened articles from January 2012 to February 2024. The search terms include "visceral manipulation," “visceral osteopathy”, “osteopathic manipulation”, "functional dyspepsia," “gastroesophageal reflux”. Six articles were included in the review. Although there is currently little data to guide therapeutic treatment, research indicates that visceral manipulation therapy is feasible for people with functional dyspepsia, whether or not they also have GERD symptoms. Research on the effects of visceral manipulation on people with functional dyspepsia, whether or not they have GERD, is necessary to better understand treatment procedures and evaluate their advantages for patients with this condition. The growing interest in visceral manipulation intervention for functional dyspepsia is supported by mixed evidence, highlighting the need for high-quality research and larger sample sizes in future randomized controlled trials to determine its true impact.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1052-1059
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Hybrid method for optimizing emotion recognition models on electroencephalogram signals

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2302-2314
I Made Agus Wirawan , Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto , I N. Sukajaya , Ni Nyoman Mestri Agustini , Dewi Arum Widhiyanti Metra Putri
Two critical factors that need to be studied in emotion recognition are the differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) signal patterns caused by participant characteristics and EEG signals with spatial information. These factors significantly affect the resulting accuracy. The model proposed in this study can consider these factors. This model consists of the modified weighted mean filter method for the basic EEG signal smoothing process, the differential entropy method for the feature extraction process, the relative difference method for the baseline reduction, the 3D cube method for feature representation, and the continuous capsule network method for the classification process. Based on testing on three public datasets, this hybrid method can overcome factors affecting emotion recognition accuracy. This statement is based on the accuracy produced by this model, which outperformed the accuracy validated in previous studies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2302-2314
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Influence of knowledge, access to information, and health seeking behavior on antibiotic self-medication in Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25741
Worrayot Darasawang , Wongsa Laohasiriwong , Kittiphong Sornlom , Roshan Kumar Mahato
Antibiotic self-medication (ASM) significantly contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pressing global health concern. However, the impact of knowledge, health information access, and health-seeking behavior on ASM in Thailand is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate these influences using data from the 2021 health and welfare survey conducted by Thailand’s National Statistical Office. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to assess associations. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in bivariate analysis were further analyzed in a multivariable model, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values reported. Among 26,030 participants, 2.79% (95% CI: 2.59%-2.99%) engaged in ASM. Low knowledge of antibiotic use was strongly linked to ASM (AOR=4.30, 95% CI: 2.61-7.08), as was moderate knowledge (AOR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.49-4.09). Lack of antibiotic-related information significantly increased ASM (AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 3.03-4.92). Recent health-seeking behaviors, including over-the-counter medication (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 2.02-6.21) and avoiding public and private hospitals, were also major contributors. Medication and transportation expenses were additional significant factors. Enhancing access to health information, knowledge, and healthcare services could reduce ASM in Thailand.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 576-585
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Transformer+transformer architecture for image captioning in Indonesian language

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2338-2346
Bryan Christofer Wijaya , Hendrik Santoso Sugiarto
Image captioning in Indonesian language poses a significant challenge due to the complex interplay between visual and linguistic comprehension, as well as the scarcity of publicly available datasets. Despite considerable advancements in this field, research specifically targeting the Indonesian language remains scarce. In this paper, we propose a novel image captioning model employing a transformer-based architecture for both the encoder and decoder components. Our model is trained and evaluated on the pre-translated Flickr30k dataset in the Indonesian language. We conduct a comparative analysis of various transformertransformer configurations and convolutional neural network (CNN)-recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures. Our findings highlight the superior performance of a vision transformer (ViT) as the visual encoder, combined with IndoBERT as the textual decoder. This architecture achieved a BLEU-4 score of 0.223 and a ROUGE-L score of 0.472.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2338-2346
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Addressing the challenges of overweight and obesity: strategies for promoting a healthier future

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24677
Irfan Chaudhuri , Md. Shahidul Islam
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among over 1 billion people worldwide constitutes a major public health concern. There is an increased risk for the onset of noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer, while productivity and life quality are diminished. The social, environmental, and behavioral influences on obesity and overweight can be mitigated through targeted interventions, as these conditions are largely avoidable. This study explores the latest findings on the causes, consequences, and remedies for overweight and obesity, with a global perspective. Additionally, it outlines several effective measures and strategies that have been put into place or are being considered in various contexts, including financial constraints, marketing limits, primary healthcare options, and school-based initiatives. To change the obesity epidemic and promote healthy eating and active living for everyone, the research calls for immediate action and a useful strategy that promotes healthy eating and diet, increased physical exercise, and modifications to environmental elements.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 936-950
Publish at: 2025-06-01

The impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce: a cross-national analysis of policy implications

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp1946-1956
Jia Qi Cheong , Wong Hock Tsen , Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim , Jeffrey S. S. Cheah
The field of e-commerce research has evolved over recent decades, but the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly accelerated its prominence, as evidenced by extensive literature. The pandemic underscored the pivotal role of e-commerce in driving the digital transformation of the global economy. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews in this area, particularly comparative analyses of how different countries leveraged e-commerce to navigate the pandemic’s challenges. This paper addresses this gap by examining the literature on e-commerce adoption and its implications during COVID-19, focusing on select countries, including China, Malaysia, and several European nations. The case of China, as a major economic power in Asia, offers particularly valuable insights.
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Page: 1946-1956
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Heterogeneous semantic graph embedding assisted edge-sensitive learning for cross-domain recommendation

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp1839-1852
Pravin Ramchandra Patil , Pramod Halebidu Basavaraju
In the digital age, recommendation systems navigate vast alternatives. Content-based, collaborative filtering, deep-driven, and cross-domain recommendation (CDR) have been studied significantly but face cold-start and data sparsity. Though CDR methods outperform others, they struggle to optimize user-item matrices. Recent graph-based CDR methods improve efficiency by leveraging additional user-item interactions; however, optimizing graph features remains an open research area. Moreover, current techniques do not consider the impact of noise items (unrelated) on recommendation accuracy. To address this gap, this paper develops a heterogeneous semantic graph-embedding (HSGE) edge-pruning model that leverages user ratings and item metadata in the source and target domains to recommend items to target domain users. To achieve it, at first Word2Vec method is applied to explicit and implicit details, followed by Node2Vec-driven graph embedding matrix generation. Our HSGE method obtains user-user, user-item, and item-item connections to achieve more semantic features. To improve accuracy, our model prunes edges that drop source domain items and allied edges unrelated to the target domain users. Subsequently, the retained HSGE matrices from both domains are processed for element-wise attention. A multi-layer perceptron with cosine similarity processed combined features matrices to generate top-N recommendations with superior hit-rate (HR) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG).
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1839-1852
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes patients

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25569
Saida Fuad Shnaigat , Baha'a M. Abu Salma
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism indicators such as ferritin and transferrin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. Another goal of the current study is to draw the attention of the scientific and medical community to a very important issue regarding diagnostic and follow-up the diabetic patients which is the effect of iron status on HbA1c level. A cross-sectional study was conducted on (n=300) participants. The participant was assigned into three groups: the diabetes group (n=101), the prediabetes group (n=100), and the control group (n=99). A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and biochemical tests was applied. The results of the study found that there were significant differences in age among groups (p=0.05), with the diabetic group being younger than other groups. There is a direct positive relationship between HbA1c levels and ferritin (β=2%, p=0.001) and fasting blood sugar (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The findings also show an inverse relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and transferrin (β=0.1%, p=0.001), as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The study finding confirms a positive correlation between HbA1c with ferritin levels and a negative association with transferrin. Iron status in diabetes patients' treatment plans should considered while the interpretation of the HbA1c concentrations. In addition, diabetes patients' treatment plans should take ferritin level adjustment into account.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 898-903
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Comprehensive performance assessment of a 12-MW grid-connected photovoltaic power plant

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1196-1207
Yassine Bouroumeid , Mokhtaria Jbilou , Seyf Eddine Bechekir , Said Nemmich , Essama Ahmed Ghaitaoui , Mostefa Brahami
The increasing demand for electricity, driven by sustained population growth, has placed considerable pressure on Algeria’s power generation infrastructure to expand its output. In parallel, the sharp decline in the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity and the rising tariffs on conventional energy sources have intensified interest in PV-based electricity generation. Accordingly, precise evaluation of the annual and monthly performance of solar PV plants has become essential for the optimal design and deployment of new facilities. This study presents a comprehensive performance assessment of a 12 MW grid-connected photovoltaic power plant located in Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria. Real-time operational data were collected over a one-year period, from January 1st to December 31st, 2023. Key performance indicators analyzed include energy output, final yield (Yf), and performance ratio (PR), among others. The plant delivered a total of 20,780.67 MWh to the grid in 2023. The final yield ranged from 3.25 to 5.88 kWh/kWp, while the performance ratio varied between 79% and 89.71%. The annual capacity factor was calculated to be 19.44%. These empirical results are compared against simulation outputs obtained using PVsyst and the Solar GIS-PV Planner tools.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1196-1207
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Hypertensive patients: self-care experience in rural community

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24171
Joko Susanto , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Ilkafah Ilkafah , Anestasia Pangestu Mei Tyas , Ah. Yusuf , Iswatun Iswatun
Hypertension is a chronic disease that often occurs in the world. Individual involvement in self-care is very important, in controlling blood pressure. The inability to carry out treatment will increase the risk and complications. The aim study is to explore the experiences and behavior of self-management and self-care of hypertension patients. The study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The technique for taking participants was a purposive sampling of ten hypertensive patients. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and then analyzed thematically based on the methodological framework of constructivist basic theory. Participant statements describing patient experiences in self-care include six themes, namely the cause of recurrences, emotional response, social support, self-care behavior, barriers to self-care, access to health facilities. The support factors of social support from family, health workers, and affordability of health services greatly influence self-care. An adequate support system, especially from nurses, is needed by patients because it will increase active participation so that patients will try to improve their care and skills in self-care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 951-958
Publish at: 2025-06-01

A new wrapper feature selection approach for binary ransomware detection

10.11591/ijai.v14.i3.pp2104-2112
Chaieb Omar , Kannouf Nabil , Mohammed Benabdellah
Concerns about ransomware attacks have heightened in recent years for both individuals and organizations. Detecting these malicious attacks poses considerable challenges for cybersecurity professionals, particularly due to their ever-evolving nature. Although behavior-based detection methods show promise in recognizing new ransomware variants, they face significant hurdles, especially in managing the massive volumes of data generated from real-time malware behavior monitoring, leading to high dimensionality. This paper introduces a new feature selection approach specifically for binary ransomware detection. Our method emphasizes assessing the impact of feature categories on the effectiveness and speed of detection algorithms. It involves two stages: the first stage selects the most relevant groups (categories) of features, while the second ranks and identifies the important features within those categories. Experimental results indicate that our approach surpasses similar studies regarding accuracy and ability to minimize the original features set. Moreover, both computation speed and accuracy are notably enhanced when using the selected subset compared to the original features.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2104-2112
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Assessing Saudi learners’ engagement with social media in English classrooms

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.28509
Mohammad Jamshed , Iftikhar Alam , Abduh Almashy , Wahaj Unnisa Warda
The study assessed Saudi English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ perspectives on utilizing social media for educational and instructional activities, their experience with learning and teaching on social media, and how frequently they utilize these platforms to improve their language skills. The researcher randomly selected 288 EFL students from male and female campuses of College of Science and College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. Respondents answered a questionnaire containing modified items from earlier studies. The data collected was examined using quantitative methods. The findings of the study revealed that tech-savvy Saudi EFL learners held exceptionally positive attitudes toward social media utilization as an effective language learning tool. It was also revealed that both learners and instructors had a very positive experiences utilizing social media for educational purposes, commonly employing it for different academic and educational activities in EFL classes. The study has implications for students and instructors because social networking sites and social media may be tailored to meet the demands of tech-savvy Saudi learners when conventional instruction no longer conforms to the taste of modern learners.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2450-2460
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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