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28,451 Article Results

Harmonic control in electrical drives for transport systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp827-839
Thanh Lich Nguyen , Van Trang Phung
Field-oriented control (FOC) is the most widely used method for controlling alternating current (AC) drives, using Clarke and Park transformations to enable current controllers to manipulate the amplitude of the fundamental component of the phase currents. The inherent advantage of the FOC method is that it transforms current control tasks into a DC domain, thereby enhancing the dynamics of current response and the capability of tracking the current reference. The idea of the FOC can be extended beyond the fundamental component to control some of the harmonics buried in any signals presented in electrical drives, which is particularly critical in transport systems. This paper presents a harmonic control framework, optimized for transport applications, with three different topologies: adaptive linear neural (Adaline), resonant controller (RC), and harmonic controller (HC). The study provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the mathematical relationships between these three control structures. Additionally, it explores the application of harmonic controllers in both current and speed control loops. Simulation and experimental results are used to validate the proposed framework, demonstrating its potential to improve the performance of electric drives in vehicles, including enhanced energy efficiency, reduced electromagnetic interference, and smoother torque production.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 827-839
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Solar and battery input super boost DC–DC converter for solar powered electric vehicle

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp479-487
Aerpula Yadagiri , Srinivasa Rao Talagadadeevi , Seetamraju Venkata Bala Subrahmanyeswara Rao , Bitra Janardhana Rao , Syed Inthiyaz , Nelaturi Nanda Prakash , Bodapati Venkata Rajanna , Cheeli Ashok Kumar
The electric vehicle (EV) is increasingly emerging as an attractive solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels in India. In commercial EVs, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is employed both to charge the battery and power the vehicle. However, the conventional bidirectional DC-DC converter layout results in underutilization of solar PV power when the battery's state of charge (SOC) reaches maximum capacity. This work offers a unique dual input super boost (DISB) DC-DC converter designed specifically for solar-powered electric vehicles (EVs) to address the aforementioned challenge. The recently suggested converter operates in six different modes to effectively capture solar photovoltaic (PV) power. Notable benefits of this design include a wide range of speed control and fewer conduction devices in each mode, which eventually result in increased overall efficiency. An extensive analysis of the suggested DISB DC-DC converter is carried out by the study, encompassing detailed examination of operating waveforms and dynamic evaluations. Furthermore, the converter's performance and operation under the six different modes are verified through simulation.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 479-487
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Integral backstepping control design for enhanced stability and dynamic performance of VSC-HVDC systems

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp255-263
Chaimaa Lakhdairi , Aziza Benaboud , Hicham Bahri , Mohamed Talea
The increasing demand for efficient and reliable high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems has underscored the necessity for advanced control strategies to augment system performance. This article presents the design and implementation of an integral backstepping control approach customized for voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC systems. The proposed methodology primarily concentrates on tackling the inherent nonlinearities, uncertainties, and disturbances that typically impede the stability and efficiency of VSC-HVDC systems. By incorporating integral action into the backstepping control framework, two key objectives are accomplished: i) precise regulation of the direct voltage at the rectifier station and accurate control of the active power at the inverter station, and ii) effective power factor correction (PFC) at both stations within the HVDC system. These objectives contribute to robust tracking performance, enhanced dynamic stability, and improved overall system efficiency. The theoretical design has been verified through extensive numerical simulations conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, showcasing the efficacy of the proposed control strategy in ensuring stability and performance under varying conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 255-263
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Prediction of wind power with various air speed using neuro-fuzzy logic in MATLAB

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp432-440
Naimur Rahman Tushar , Md. Tanvir Ahmed Shuvo , Dilip Kumar Das , Suman Chowdhury
The energy crisis in Bangladesh has persisted for many years, predominantly reliant on fossil fuels for power generation, which is both economically and environmentally costly. It is imperative to transition away from fossil fuels towards more cost-effective and eco-friendly energy sources. Wind energy presents a viable solution to alleviate this crisis, especially considering Bangladesh's extensive coastline, offering great potential for harnessing significant amounts of electricity. Extensive research has been conducted on the feasibility of deploying wind turbines across various coastal zones to generate power and facilitate irrigation seasons. This research delves into the operational principles and performance parameters of wind turbines. A modified fan is utilized to assess power generation under varying air speeds, with data analysis conducted using neuro-fuzzy logic. The findings reveal a minimal percentage error of 0.09, underscoring the reliability of the proposed fuzzy model in predicting wind power output based on wind speed. This underscores the potential for leveraging wind energy as a sustainable and reliable alternative to fossil fuels in addressing Bangladesh's energy challenges.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 432-440
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Fault diagnosis of electric motors using vibration signal analysis

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp300-307
Mandeep Singh , Tejinder Singh Saggu , Arvind Dhingra
In industrial applications, especially in manufacturing environments, electric motors are employed practically everywhere. They are necessary for many different sectors, which can sometimes make it challenging to prevent malfunctions and keep them operating at their best. Numerous defects can affect how well they work, but bearing-related errors are the most frequent reasons for motor failures. This research uses temporal and frequency domain analysis of vibration signals to identify motor faults. A public domain database has been used for the investigation and analysis. The findings show that electric motor problems, including inner raceway, outer raceway, and rolling element fault, can be identified and diagnosed using the time and frequency domain features extracted from the vibration signals. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is shown by comparing it with both the time domain and frequency domain techniques. The accuracy of the time domain and frequency domain techniques is 85.4% and 91.6% respectively. However, the proposed hybrid technique has a far better accuracy of 95.8% as compared to the two techniques.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 300-307
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Methodology for incisive foraging of high-risk junctions and elimination of injected false data in smart grid

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp347-358
Poulami Ghosh , Subrata Biswas , Prithwiraj Purkait
The present work represents a method for identification of the vulnerable nodes in smart grid as well as assessment of the performance of voltage stability indicator technique with the help of weighted least square scheme. in today’s smart grid system, false data injection (FDI) is the major issue to supply uninterruptedly at demand side in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). The recent blackouts are the consequence of non-identifying FDI as research on FDI is not considered under power system analysis. In our research, vulnerable nodes of a power system network have been identified and a state estimation method was used to eliminate superfluous data for those identified nodes. Voltage stability indicator (VSI) based state estimation have been used successfully to make the smart grid system error free as possible. VSI method has been used first to find the vulnerable nodes of the grid after that the efficient state estimation method i.e. optimal weighted least square (optimal WLS) have been employed to get refined result. Results show that VSI based technique in concurrence with optimal WLS has potential to eliminate undesirable data with sensible level of precision.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 347-358
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Single stage boost cascaded multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1012-1023
P. Sriramalakshmi , S. Angalaeswari , M. Sujatha
This article discusses a high-gain five-level SL-SC-based cascaded multilevel qSBI (qSBMLI) for photovoltaic applications. A combination of switched inductor and switched capacitor structure produces a boost at high levels. Two identical SL-SC-based qSBI modules are cascaded and powered with two stiff DC voltage sources of 18 V each. The DC voltage of 18 V obtained from two different DC voltage sources is applied to each module. An 18 V DC voltage is supplied to a single module-A, which produces a DC link voltage (VPN) of about 240 V at the inverter's input side. The modulation index (MI) is selected as 0.68, and the duty ratio is kept at 0.3. The boost factor is obtained as 13.3, and the load voltage of 150 V is achieved across the resistive load. Hence, the voltage gain is 6.9. The proposed topology delivers 337 W of power to the load at an efficiency of 73%. The complete circuit topology and its operations are analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink. The control signals for the power switches are produced using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) SPARTAN 3E Kit. When the proposed circuits are analyzed and compared with the existing classical topologies, the proposed one shows the superior performance.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1012-1023
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Hardware implementation of safety smart password based GSM module controlling circuit breaker

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp441-448
Rakesh G. Shriwastava , Pawan C. Tapre , Rajendra M. Rewatkar , Swapna M. Choudhary , Ramesh K. Rathod , Sham H. Mankar , Hemant R. Bhagat Patil , Salim A. Chavan
This research work highlights the hardware implementation of safety smart password-based GSM module controlling circuit breaker. Safety is the major concern in daily life for domestic activities. In current scenario, accidental death of a lineman are the major issues and to protect operators for the same. To control circuit breakers, passwords security is essential for lineman. Due to that electrical accident’s ratio is increased day to day life at the time of repairing the lines. It is also done due to lack of communication and coordination between maintenance and substation. For safety of lineman, on and off line turning operation is proposed. Secure password is for breaker operation and maintenance. In the proposed system, password is sent to the line operator's mobile phone and GSM module by automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller. Entered password and password received by the GSM receiver is match so circuit breaker will be smoothly operated. If password is incorrect, message will appear on the LCD display for security purposed and message sent to control room regarding unauthorized access to the system.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 441-448
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Dynamic model and control strategies of battery-supercapacitor hybrid power sources for electric vehicles: a review

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp695-709
Adnan Rafi Al Tahtawi , Arief Syaichu Rohman , Pranoto Hidaya Rusmin , Arwindra Rizqiawan
The addition of a supercapacitor to electric vehicles is considered beneficial for extending battery lifetime. Due to its higher power density compared to the battery, a supercapacitor can efficiently handle sudden high-current demands. However, to achieve energy efficiency, a specific control strategy is required for this battery-supercapacitor (Batt-SC) hybrid power source (HPS). This paper reviews the dynamic model of the Batt-SC as HPS for electric vehicles and explores its various control strategies in order to achieve energy efficiency. A high-fidelity model, a control-oriented model, and an integrated dynamic model are presented. Various control strategies are then discussed, including high-level control, low-level control, and DC bus voltage regulation. This paper also identifies several key research opportunities, such as developing an integrated dynamic model of a hybrid Batt-SC electric vehicle, combining high-level and low-level control into a unified control strategy, and designing an optimal-adaptive controller that can minimize a certain performance index by considering nonlinearity factors.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 695-709
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Design and implementation of jerk-controlled elevator systems using S-curve motion profiles

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp780-793
Ali Abdulkareem Ali , Fatma Ben Salem , Jamal A.-K. Mohammed
Electric elevators often experience significant jerks that can shorten their lifespan and cause passenger discomfort, especially during acceleration and deceleration. To address this issue, this study presents the development and implementation of S-curve motion profiles for a prototype three-floor rope elevator system. The elevator cabin is driven by a three-phase induction motor using sensorless vector control technology, with a variable frequency drive (VFD) managing the cabin's velocity. The findings indicate that employing S-curve motion profiles reduces jerk by approximately 29.43% when the elevator is ascending without a load and by 48.15% when descending without a load. In the loaded scenario, the elevator experiences a significant reduction in jerk, decreasing by 48.78% during ascent and 52.08% during descent. By smoothing out abrupt acceleration changes, the reduction in jerk leads to a more seamless motion of the elevator car, significantly enhancing passenger comfort. Consequently, this approach improves the efficiency and reliability of elevator operations, providing a versatile platform for future vertical transportation advancements.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 780-793
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Artificial raindrop algorithm for control of frequency in a networked power system

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1116-1123
Lakshmi Dhandapani , Pushpa Sreenivasan , Malathy Batumalay
Load frequency control (LFC) evaluates the net changes in generation by continuously monitoring tie-line flows and system frequency required relying on load changes. It adjusts generator set points to minimize the area control error's (ACE) time-averaged value. ACE is regarded as a controlled output of LFC. Previous research focused on customary power systems like hydro-hydro, thermal-thermal, and hydro-thermal configurations. This current development study introduces the hybrid PV and dual thermal system interconnected systems for LFC analysis. The research evaluates LFC performance with different controllers, considering parameters such as maximum peak overshoot (Mp), maximum undershoot (Mu), settling time (Ts), and peak time (Tp). Controllers, including proportional integral (PI), anti-windup PI, fuzzy gain scheduling PI, and A cutting-edge algorithm generating fake raindrops are used for minimize ACE. The analysis introduces various load perturbations to observe controller performance in interconnected power systems. Both PV-thermal-thermal and thermal-thermal-thermal systems exemplify innovative approaches to energy management that bolster energy efficiency and sustainability. By integrating these advanced systems, we can make significant strides towards achieving global sustainability goals and promoting a cleaner and support energy efficiency for the future.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1116-1123
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Optimizing energy management in electric vehicle charging using firefly algorithm

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp864-872
Muhammad Ridha Fauzi , Azriyenni Azhari Zakri , Syafii Syafii
The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) poses significant challenges in the management of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), especially regarding the integration of renewable energy to ensure efficiency and sustainability. This study aims to optimize the energy management system in EVCS that takes into account technological aspects. The algorithm being proposed is specifically created for a 100 kW EVCS and utilizes the firefly algorithm to maximize renewable energy utilization and minimize charging costs. The research methodology includes the development of an optimization framework that combines solar power generation with the Firefly-based optimization algorithm, which considers factors such as power demand, battery capacity, and tariff fluctuations. Simulations show that the algorithm is able to increase solar energy utilization by up to 80%, while reducing charging costs during peak hours. The results also emphasize the importance of real-time energy management to address power demand fluctuations and reduce adverse impacts on the electricity grid. This study concludes that the firefly algorithm is effective in supporting energy management in renewable energy-based EVCS, providing essential knowledge for the development of sustainable charging system within the future.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 864-872
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Evaluation of a fuzzy-based sliding mode control strategy for a DC-DC buck converter

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp891-906
Quan Vinh Nguyen , Huu-Toan Tran , Long Thang Mai
DC-DC converters operate as semiconductor power devices in which transformers such as buck converters often cause nonlinear characteristics to the converter, while the output voltage of the converter affected by dynamic input voltage and load change. This paper presents a sliding mode control strategy using a fuzzy observer to provide a sustainable response and high performance for buck converters affected by uncertainties such as input voltage and resistance load. The control strategy includes two feedback loops in which an external control loop forces the output voltage to track the set voltage, and the output of the external control loop is adapted as a sliding surface to control the current through the inductor to track the set current, called the internal control loop. Design analysis, control law and Lyapunov stability of the control strategy are illustrated. The simulation is developed on the MATLAB-Simulink platform, the results are re-evaluated experimentally based on the self-built prototype of DC-DC buck converter. The simulated and experimental results have showed that the output voltage and current of the buck converter have tracked the set points from low to high values despite sudden changes in load as well as in input voltage in the presence of noise. The compatibility index normalized root mean square error of the measured voltage and current using the proposed algorithm is [96.34%±1.02%, 95.09%±3.04%] higher than that using the proportional integral (PI) algorithm which is [95.94% ± 3.01%, 85.72% ± 3.95%] in the presence of varying parameters.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 891-906
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Implementation of closed-loop field-oriented control for PMSM on rehabilitation robot using BTS 7960

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp728-739
Vita Ayu Nathalia , Dimas Adiputra , Rifki Dwi Putranto
The efficiency of control systems in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is crucial, especially for applications in physiotherapy robots. Previous studies have demonstrated that an open-loop field-oriented control (FOC) driver using BTS7960 outperforms the commonly used electronic speed controller (ESC). This research addresses the challenge of further improving efficiency by employing a closed-loop FOC driver with the BTS7960. The research methodology involves two main stages. First, a PSIM software simulation of a closed-loop FOC using a proportional integral (PI) controller is conducted. The aim is to determine the P and I parameters that result in the smallest settling time, steady-state error, and overshoot in controlling the PMSM motor's rotation per minute (RPM). The second stage involves hardware implementation with the BTS7960, where the PMSM motor RPM is compared under various loads ranging from 10-gram to 60 gram. RPM results from both open-loop and closed-loop configurations are compared. The results show that the closed-loop FOC driver has improved system transient response compared to the previous open-loop FOC driver, notably reducing the settling time from 2.24 seconds to 1.45 seconds for a 60 gram load. Therefore, this research concludes that a closed-loop configuration with well-tuned PI parameters can deliver better performance compared to open-loop methods, as clearly demonstrated.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 728-739
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Generator analysis and comparison of working fluids in the organic Rankine cycle for biomass power plants using Aspen Plus software

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp467-478
Yulianta Siregar , Wahyu Franciscus Sihotang , Nur Nabila Mohamed
The organic Rankine cycle utilizes low-temperature heat (flue heat) in power plants to produce electrical power. Several factors, including the working fluid's temperature and pressure, influence the efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle. This research method includes calculations using the gasification method in calculating electrical energy in PLTBM and calculating the experimental results of a series of organic Rankine cycles by taking into account the temperature and pressure of the working fluid using Aspen Plus Software, which is analyzed using statistical methods. The results of research using the gasification method in PLTBM fuel produced power of 27,279.38 MW/year for coconut shells, 6,489.66 MW/year for rice husks, and 532.62 MW/year for corn cobs. For the organic Rankine cycle series, rice husk waste produces the largest power of 8,336.67 kW, for coconut shells of 569,723.95 kW. For corn cobs of 358,639.63 with an efficiency value of organic working fluid in R-22 of 25.37% and the R-32 organic working fluid of 11.92% at a temperature of 125 °C in coconut shell waste, it can be concluded that the temperature of the working fluid has more influence on the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle than the pressure of the working fluid.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 467-478
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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