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Solution for intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem in cluster-based protocols for wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp868-879
Raed Taleb Al-Zubi , Abdulraheem Ahmed Kreishan , Mohammad Qasem Alawad , Khalid Ahmad Darabkh
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the important topics for researchers due to their wide applications in our life. Several researches have been conducted to improve WSNs performance and solve their issues. One of these issues is the energy limitation in WSNs since the source of energy in most WSNs is the battery. Accordingly, various protocols and techniques have been proposed with the intention of reducing power consumption of WSNs and lengthen their lifetime. Cluster-oriented routing protocols are one of the most effective categories of these protocols. In this article, we consider a major issue affecting the performance of this category of protocols, which we call the intra/inter-cluster event-reporting problem (IICERP). We demonstrate that IICERP severely reduces the performance of a cluster-oriented routing protocol, so we suggest an effective Solution for IICERP (SIICERP). To assess SIICERP’s performance, comprehensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the performance of several cluster-oriented protocols without and with SIICERP. Simulation results revealed that SIICERP substantially increases the performance of cluster-oriented routing protocols.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 868-879
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control based frequency regulation with communication delays in power system

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp157-165
Hoan Bao Lai , Anh-Tuan Tran , Van Van Huynh , Emmanuel Nduka Amaefule , Phong Thanh Tran , Van-Duc Phan
In this paper, load frequency regulator based on linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) is designed for the MAPS with communication delays. The communication delay is considered to denote the small time delay in a local control area of a wide-area power system. The system is modeled in the state space with inclusion of the delay state matrix parameters. Since some state variables are difficult to measure in a real modern multi-area power system, Kalman filter is used to estimate the unmeasured variables. In addition, the controller with the optimal feedback gain reduces the frequency spikes to zero and keeps the system stable. Lyapunov function based on the LMI technique is used to re-assure the asymptotically stability and the convergence of the estimator error. The designed LQG is simulated in a two area connected power network with considerable time delay. The result from the simulations indicates that the controller performed with expectation in terms of damping the frequency fluctuations and area control errors. It also solved the limitation of other controllers which need to measure all the system state variables.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 157-165
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Status index of optimal water variables for biodiversity conservation in the Lagoon of Sonso in Colombia

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp552-559
Gloria Yaneth Florez-Yepes , Alejandro Rincón , Vladimir Henao Céspedes , Juan Carlos Granobles Tores , Fredy Edimer Hoyos Velasco
In order to determine an index of the status of optimal water variables for biodiversity conservation in the Sonso Lagoon, the data obtained from 2004 to 2018 were used. To determine the index, a methodology based on a multivariate analysis of the physical-chemical water variables was used, as well as a correlation analysis for their delimitation. Subsequently, the definition of weights and the parameterization of the variables for the final construction of the index were made. As a result, it was found that the lagoon is in an adequate state with a value index of 0.65, with a highly vulnerable tendency to be in an acceptable state and go to a critical state, depending on the anthropic pressure it has. As a conclusion, it was obtained that variables such as dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and electrical conductivity are determining factors in establishing the index.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 552-559
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Applying artificial intelligence for the application of bridges deterioration detection system

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.20783
Xuan-Kien; Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Viet Nam Dang , Le Anh-Hoang; Van Hien University, Viet Nam Ho , Xuan-Phuong; Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Viet Nam Nguyen , Ba-Linh; Science and Technology Department, Ministry of Transport of Vietnam Mai
Recently, advances in sensor technologies, data communication paradigms, and data processing algorithms all affect the feasibilities of the bridges structural health monitoring and deterioration detection, and other implementations of monitoring operations. The paper proposes a method to design an irregularity detection and monitoring system for road bridges that combines internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Raspberry Pi 4 embedded computer integrating IoT and AI technology with convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to simultaneously monitor remote bridges on websites and apps via Google Firebase cloud database. The first step of successful testing in the laboratory showed that the system can work stably and coincide with the proposed goals.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 149-157
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Optimized load balance scheduling algorithm

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.22464
Rawaa Mohammed; Mustansiriyah University Abdul-Hussein , Ahmed Hashim; Mustansiriyah University Mohammed
The cloud computing environment faces several challenges as a federation of clouds, controlling the traffic flow, scalability, and balancing the load on virtual machines that are considered the most crucial issue due to their impact on the execution time, resource utilization, and cost. This paper is interested in some of the existing algorithms that distribute the workload evenly. These algorithms aim to avoid the blind assignment that often results in some over-loaded servers while another node might be under-loaded. In this work a combination of two inspired metaheuristic algorithms BAT and cuckoo search was proposed; the first algorithm can utilize fast exploration using global search, the latter algorithm can avoid trapping into BAT local optimum problem using levy flight with a far random walk. Additonaly, the proposed algorithm could be used to mitigate distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack that aims to cause endless load on the servers and stop the service. Experimental results for five virtual machine (VM), ten VM, with the varying number of tasks showed that the proposed algorithm has better resource utilization and less makespan time in almost all the cases.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 81-88
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic power system by submerging it in the rivers

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.22460
Majid; Ilam University Valizadeh , Ibtihal Razaq; Ilam University Niama ALRubeei , Haider TH. Salim; Wasit University ALRikabi , Faisal; Wasit University Theyab Abed
In light of the advanced technological development in the world, this study aims to use alternative energy for generating electric energy at the lowest cost. Solar cells are devices that have special operating conditions. The most important of these conditions are the temperature of cells and the intensity of solar radiation. Sometimes the climate condition does not match the ideal conditions used for operating solar cells in many regions around the world. Although the Middle East and Iraq in particular, is considered one of the sunniest areas in the world, solar energy cannot be relied upon to generate electric energy effectively because of the problem of high temperature in solar cells in the summer as well as the problem of dust. In this paper, a simple and economical method was designed to overcome the main problems in the operation of solar cells represented by high temperature in solar cells as well as the problem of dust accumulated on the surface of solar cells which impedes the entry of sunlight into those cells. The method is conducted by immersing the solar cells in running water at a distance that should be close to the surface of the water.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 166-172
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Mitigation of packet loss with end-to-end delay in wireless body area network applications

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp460-470
Suha Sahib Oleiwi , Ghassan N. Mohammed , Israa Al_Barazanchi
The wireless body area network (WBAN) has been proposed to offer a solution to the problem of population ageing, shortage in medical facilities and different chronic diseases. The development of this technology has been further fueled by the demand for real-time application for monitoring these cases in networks. The integrity of communication is constrained by the loss of packets during communication affecting the reliability of WBAN. Mitigating the loss of packets and ensuring the performance of the network is a challenging task that has sparked numerous studies over the years. The WBAN technology as a problem of reducing network lifetime; thus, in this paper, we utilize cooperative routing protocol (CRP) to improve package delivery via end-to-end latency and increase the length of the network lifetime. The end-to-end latency was used as a metric to determine the significance of CRP in WBAN routing protocols. The CRP increased the rate of transmission of packets to the sink and mitigate packet loss. The proposed solution has shown that the end-to-end delay in the WBAN is considerably reduced by applying the cooperative routing protocol. The CRP technique attained a delivery ratio of 0.8176 compared to 0.8118 when transmitting packets in WBAN.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 460-470
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Exploiting performance gap among two users in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces-aided wireless systems

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.19001
Dinh-Thuan; Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Do , Chi-Bao; Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Le
In this work, we study the outage performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided wireless systems in the presence of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In particular, different power factors are allocated to users which belong a dedicated group. We derive exact outage probability of two users in a group. Specifically, it is assumed that the RIS is placed between the source and the users and far user has better performance under assistance of RIS. We also provide comparison analysis to investigate the effect of the main parameters on the outage performance of our proposed system, such as the number of tunable elements of the RIS, power allocation factors, target rates and the average signal-to-noise ratio at the base station. If we set small tunable elements for RIS, we can obtain the best performance. By using MonteCarlo simulation, we verify our analytical results via simulations. Our main results reported in this paper show the positive effect once we deploy RISs for guaranteeing fairness among NOMA users in wireless systems.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 1-8
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Comparative analysis of Dimensions and Scopus bibliographic data sources: an approach to university research productivity

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp706-720
Pachisa Kulkanjanapiban , Tipawan Silwattananusarn
This paper shows a significant comparison of two primary bibliographic data sources at the document level of Scopus and Dimensions. The emphasis is on the differences in their document coverage by institution level of aggregation. The main objective is to assess whether Dimensions offers at the institutional level good new possibilities for bibliometric analysis as at the global level. The results of a comparative study of the citation count profiles of articles published by faculty members of Prince of Songkla University (PSU) in Dimensions and Scopus from the year the databases first included PSU-authored papers (1970 and 1978, respectively) through the end of June 2020. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of 19,846 articles indexed in Dimensions and 13,577 indexed in Scopus. The main finding was that the number of citations received by Dimensions was highly correlated with citation counts in Scopus. Spearman’s correlation between citation counts in Dimensions and Scopus was a high and mighty relationship. The findings mainly affect Dimensions’ possibilities as instruments for carrying out bibliometric analysis of university members’ research productivity. University researchers can use Dimensions to retrieve information, and the design policies can be used to evaluate research using scientific databases.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 706-720
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Classification of three pathological voices based on specific features groups using support vector machine

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp946-956
Muneera Altayeb , Amani Al-Ghraibah
Determining and classifying pathological human sounds are still an interesting area of research in the field of speech processing. This paper explores different methods of voice features extraction, namely: Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), zero-crossing rate (ZCR) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). A comparison is made between these methods in order to identify their ability in classifying any input sound as a normal or pathological voices using support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the voice signal is processed and filtered, then vocal features are extracted using the proposed methods and finally six groups of features are used to classify the voice data as healthy, hyperkinetic dysphonia, hypokinetic dysphonia, or reflux laryngitis using separate classification processes. The classification results reach 100% accuracy using the MFCC and kurtosis feature group. While the other classification accuracies range between~60% to~97%. The Wavelet features provide very good classification results in comparison with other common voice features like MFCC and ZCR features. This paper aims to improve the diagnosis of voice disorders without the need for surgical interventions and endoscopic procedures which consumes time and burden the patients. Also, the comparison between the proposed feature extraction methods offers a good reference for further researches in the voice classification area.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 946-956
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Measurement of an electroretinogram signal and display waves on graphical user interface by laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench

10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp980-988
Mustafa F. Mahmood , Huda Farooq Jameel , Mayss Alreem Nizar Hammed
The electroretinogram (ERG) is an electrophysiological recording method that measures the retinal electrical potential. The electrical reaction is quantified by electrical interaction of the indicator electrode with the cornea or at various levels inside the retina. However, such ERG systems suffer from certain limitations and challenges, such as high cost, low a/b-wave amplitude, and the outcomes do not provide any information about patients. In this work, we designed and implemented a real-time prototype for an ERG system for measuring eye waves via diode-transistor logic (DTL)- electrode and AD624AD-model. In addition, a graphical user interface (GUI) via virtual instrument engineering workbench (LabVIEW) was used. The developed system achieved high amplitude for ERG a/b-waves of about 100 and 700 mV. In terms of a/b-waves in the system, the findings show that this study has good results for optimizing the measurement of ERG signals. The method showed satisfactory accuracy of about 92.5% for 10 participants aged 20-60 years and comprising both genders
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Page: 980-988
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Modular reduction with step-by-step using of several bits of the reducible number

10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp1087-1093
Sakhybay Tynymbayev , Yevgeniya Aitkhozhayeva , Dana Tananova , Sairan Adilbekkyzy
Although public key cryptography is known to solve the problem of physically secure key exchange, the main drawback of this system is its low performance during encrypting and decrypting data. One of the ways to solve this issue is to increase the speed of the modular reduction operation, one of the basic operations of asymmetric cryptoalgorithms. A new method of step-by-step reduction by the N-bit module P using several bits of the 2Nbit reducible number A in one step is proposed in this paper. The method is based on using multiples of the P and reducing modulo at each step not the entire initial number, but its parts (A1, A2… Ai), which allows to reduce the bit capacity of A. A structural diagram of the hardware implementation of this method are developed. The main unit of the modular reduction device is a block of partial remainder formers, in which the partial remainder is computed using multiples of the P. The circuits are modeled in the Vivado Design Suite computer aided design (CAD) on base Artix-7 Fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) device from Xilinx. Optimization of hardware costs is achieved by applying the same comparison circuits to compare different multiples of P with Ai
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Page: 1087-1093
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Deep segmentation of the liver and the hepatic tumors from abdomen tomography images

10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp303-310
Nermeen Elmenabawy , Mervat El-Seddek , Hossam El-Din Moustafa , Ahmed Elnakib
A pipelined framework is proposed for accurate, automated, simultaneous segmentation of the liver as well as the hepatic tumors from computed tomography (CT) images. The introduced framework composed of three pipelined levels. First, two different transfers deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are applied to get high-level compact features of CT images. Second, a pixel-wise classifier is used to obtain two output-classified maps for each CNN model. Finally, a fusion neural network (FNN) is used to integrate the two maps. Experimentations performed on the MICCAI’2017 database of the liver tumor segmentation (LITS) challenge, result in a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 93.5% for the segmentation of the liver and of 74.40% for the segmentation of the lesion, using a 5-fold cross-validation scheme. Comparative results with the state-of-the-art techniques on the same data show the competing performance of the proposed framework for simultaneous liver and tumor segmentation.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page: 303-310
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Design of multiple-input and multiple-output antenna for modern wireless applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.19355
Karrar Shakir; Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Muttair , Oras Ahmed; Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Shareef , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed; Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Electronics Engineering, Ninevah University, Mosul, Iraq Sabaawi , Mahmood Farhan; Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq Mosleh
In this paper, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are designed and simulated. The designed antennas are compact double-sided printed microstrip patch antennas and fed by a microstrip line. These antennas are designed for 3.5 to 10 GHz frequencies used for medical, industrial, sciences, and various fields of 5G communications and networking applications. Furthermore, a MIMO system is designed using the polarization variability of the individual antennas, which yields better results in terms of mutual coupling (S12 and S21), reflection coefficient (S11 and S22), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), which is less than 2 indicate improved matching conditions. The designed antennas showed an acceptable gain (around 2 dB) and an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is <0.002. In addition, the proposed MIMO antennas exhibited isolation is -25 dB at 6 GHz, which is preferable in 5G mobile antennas.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 34-42
Publish at: 2022-02-01

Design of circular-shaped microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.21019
Mohammed Mahdi Salih; University of Alkafeel, Iraq Altufaili , Ameer Najm; University of Alkafeel, Iraq Najaf , Zainab Sabah; University of Alkafeel, Iraq Idan
Using circular geometry has a great influence on many fields of science and engineering, one of which is antenna. Communication systems were oriented towards fifth generation (5G) because of large- bandwidth systems, compact requirements, high-data rates. In this research, a design and simulation are made to a microstrip circular patch antenna. The patch has two circles a compact structure of the first circle radius is 2.5 mm and second circle radius is 1 mm with thickness 0.35 mm. The proposed antenna has three resonant frequencies 41.08 GHz with a return loss of -12.4 dB, 47.4 at -18.86 dB and 54.4 at return loss -24.3 dB. The bandwidths are 150 MHz, 222 MHz and 219 MHz, the gains of three resonant frequencies are 6.16 dB, 9.89 dB and 5.54 dB, with efficiency of 98%. A technique of inset feed transmission line was utilized to match the fifty Ω microstrip feedline and the radiating patch. Based upon the proposed design, a Roger RT Duroid 5880 substrate that possesses loss tangent of 0.0009 with a height of 0.5 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2 is employed. A computational process is conducted and analyzed by the use of computer simulation technology microwave studio.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page: 19-26
Publish at: 2022-02-01
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