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29,939 Article Results

The absorber and buffer layer thicknesses for CdTe/CdS based thin film solar cell efficiency at various operational temperatures

10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp70-80
Omar Ghanim Ghazal , Ahmed Waleed Kasim , Nabeel Zuhair Tawfeeq
Cadmium telluride (CdTe)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) solar cell is a promising candidate for photovoltaic (PV) energy production, as fabrication costs are compared by silicon wafers. We include an analysis of CdTe/CdS solar cells while optimizing structural parameters. Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS)-1D 3.3 software is used to analyze and develop energy-efficient. The impact of operating thermal efficiency on solar cells is highlighted in this article to explore the temperature dependence. PV parameters were calculated in the different absorber, buffer, and window layer thicknesses (CdTe, CdS, and SnO2). The effect of the thicknesses of the layers, and the fundamental characteristics of open-circuit voltage, fill factor, short circuit current, and solar energy conversion efficiency were studied. The results showed the thickness of the absorber and buffer layers could be optimized. The temperature had a major impact on the CdTe/CdS solar cells as well. The optimized solar cell has an efficiency performance of >14% when exposed to the AM1.5 G spectrum. CdTe 3000 nm, CdS 50 nm, SnO2 500 nm, and (at) T 300k were the I-V characteristics gave the best conversion open circuit voltage (Voc)=0.8317 volts, short circuit current density (Jsc)=23.15 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF)%=77.48, and efficiency (η)%=14.73. The results can be used to provide important guidance for future work on multi-junction solar cell design.
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Page: 70-80
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Blockchain based voting system for Jordan parliament elections

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4325-4335
Mohammad Malkawi , Muneer Bani Yassein , Asmaa Bataineh
Covid-19 pandemic has stressed more than any-time before the necessity for conducting election processes in an electronic manner, where voters can cast their votes remotely with complete security, privacy, and trust. The different voting schema in different countries makes it very difficult to utilize a one fits all system. This paper presents a blockchain based voting system (BBVS) applied to the Parliamentary elections system in the country of Jordan. The proposed system is a private and centralized blockchain implemented in a simulated environment. The proposed BBVS system implements a hierarchical voting process, where a voter casts votes at two levels, one for a group, and the second for distinct members within the group. This paper provides a novel blockchain based e-Voting system, which proves to be transparent and yet secure. This paper utilizes synthetic voter benchmarks to measure the performance, accuracy and integrity of the election process. This research introduced and implemented new algorithms and methods to maintain acceptable performance both at the time of creating the blockchain(s) for voters and candidates as well as at the time of casting votes by voters.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4325-4335
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Hybrid clustering based on multi-criteria segmentation for higher education marketing

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.18965
Hardika; Universitas Sahid Surakarta Khusnuliawati , Dhian Riskiana; Universitas Sahid Surakarta Putri
Market segmentation in higher education institutions is still rarely applied although it can assist in defining the right strategies and actions for the targeted market. The problem that often arises in market segmentation is how to exploit the preferences of students as customers. To overcome this, the combination of hybrid clustering method with multiple criteria will be applied to the case of the market segmentation for students in higher education institutions. The integration of geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral criteria from students is used to get more insightful information about student preference. Data result of the integration will be processed using hybrid clustering using K-means and self organizing map (SOM) algorithm. The hybrid clustering conducted to get promising clustering result along with the visualization of segmentation. This study successfully produces five student segments. It received 1,386 as the Davies-Bouldin index (DBI) value and 2,752 as the quantization error (QE) value which indicates a good clustering result for market segmentation. In addition, the visualization of the clustering result can be seen in a hexagonal map.
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page: 1498-1506
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Measure extendibility/extensibility quality attribute using object oriented design metric

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.19278
Taghreed Riyadh; university of Mosul Alreffaee , Marwah M. A.; university of Mosul Dabdawb , Dujan B.; university of Mosul Taha
Software design is one of the very important phases of the software engineering. The costs of software can be minimized if improvements or corrections made during this stage. Several of the current computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools like enterprise architect (EA) v12 do not have the capability to improve the design. This work aims to develop an algorithm that helps the software engineers evaluating the design quality utilizing one of the object-oriented (OO) design models namely quality metrics for object-oriented design (QMOOD) which represents as hierarchical model that describes the relationship between quality attributes such as reusability, extendibility and properties of the design of OO design. This algorithm describesed how the assessment of the extendibility/ extensibility using the software metrics has been done and the impact of the involved metrics in the extendibility value. Results obtained demonstrate the effect of OO design metrics such as inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and coupling in quality characteristics like extensibility. The results show that lower values of abstraction and coupling, obtain higher value of extendibility which means the class diagram is ready to accept additional improvements. The proposed algorithm has been tested on two different systems (test cases) that vary in their class diagrams, functionalities, and complexities.
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page: 1507-1516
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Down syndrome detection using modified adaboost algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4281-4288
Vincy Devi V. K , Rajesh R.
In human body genetic codes are stored in the genes. All of our inherited traits are associated with these genes and are grouped as structures generally called chromosomes. In typical cases, each cell consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which each parent contributes half. But if a person has a partial or full copy of chromosome 21, the situation is called Down syndrome. It results in intellectual disability, reading impairment, developmental delay, and other medical abnormalities. There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome. Thus, early detection and screening of this disability are the best styles for down syndrome prevention. In this work, recognition of Down syndrome utilizes a set of facial expression images. Solid geometric descriptor is employed for extracting the facial features from the image set. An AdaBoost method is practiced to gather the required data sets and for the categorization. The extracted information is then assigned and used to instruct the Neural Network using Backpropagation algorithm. This work recorded that the presented model meets the requirement with 98.67% accuracy.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4281-4288
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Design of dual band slotted reconfigurable antenna using electronic switching circuit

10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp386-393
Mustafa M. Al-Saeedi , Ahmed A. Hashim , Omer Al-Bayati , Ali Salim Rasheed , Rasool Hasan Finjan
This paper proposes a dual band reconfigurable microstrip slotted antenna for supporting the wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications, providing coverage where both directive and omni-directive radiations are needed. The design consists of a feedline, a ground plane with two slots and two gaps between them to provide the switching capability and a 1.6 mm thick flame retardant 4 (FR4) substrate (dielectric constant Ɛ=4.3, loss tangent δ=0.019), modeling an antenna size of 30x35x1.6 mm3. The EM simulation, which was carried out using the connected speech test (CST) studio suite 2017, generated dual wide bands of 40% (2-3 GHz) with -55 dB of S11 and 24% (5.2-6.6 GHz) higher than its predecessors with lower complexity and -60 dB of S11 in addition to the radiation pattern versatility while maintaining lower power consumption. Moreover, the antenna produced omnidirectional radiation patterns with over than 40% bandwith at 2.4 GHz and directional radiation patterns with 24% bandwith at the 5.8 GHz band. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of previously proposed designs has also been made and compared with current work.
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Page: 386-393
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Active tremor control in human-like hand tremor using fuzzy logic

10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp108-115
Hafiz Bin Jamaludin , Azizan As'arry , R. Musab , Khairil Anas Md Rezali , Raja Mohd Kamil Bin Raja Ahmad , Mohd Zarhamdy Bin Md. Zain
Tremoris the vibration in sinusoidal orientation that is experienced regularly by a person with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which disturbs their daily activities. One solution that may be used to counter this tremor effect is by developing an active tremor control system in LabVIEW for linear voice coil actuator (LVCA), where the system uses proportional (P) controller and various types of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as a hybrid controller to reduce tremor vibration. From this research, it can be concluded that the best controller for tremor reduction is the P+FLC 1st set of rules, compared to P+FLC 2nd set of rules, and P controller only, with the highest percentage of 88.39% of tremor reduction with the actual tremor vibration of PD patients as the reference result. The P+FLC 2nd set of rules has the highest percentage of tremor reduction with a value of 86.81%, whereas P controller only has the highest tremor reduction percentage of 67.10%. This percentage of tremor reduction is based on the power spectral density (PSD) values, in which it represents the intensity of the tremor vibration. This experimental study can be used as an initial step for researchers and engineers to design and develop an anti-tremor device in the future.
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Page: 108-115
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Learning games creation: IMIE model

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4373-4380
Ali Abarkan , Abderrahim Saaidi , Majid Ben Yakhlef
In this article, we propose a new model for the learning games design, which aims to enrich and solve the problems of existing models. From the work carried out around the models of educational games, we carefully identify a series of steps to follow, taking into account the simplicity, ease of adaptation and the integration of several factors interest such as the integration of a set sub-models treated pedagogically define the pedagogical side in the game, also the distribution of the intervening necessary for each of the stages to ensure better collaboration between them, for the purpose to helping the creators to trace their path from the start of the creation, in order to achieve the best example of games with an adequate oscillation pedagogical-fun, that will meet the requirements of existing classical teaching methods.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4373-4380
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Implantable slot antenna with substrate integrated waveguide for biomedical applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.19952
Mustafa Mohammed; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jawad , Nik Noordini Nik Abd; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malik , Noor Asniza; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Murad , Mona Riza Mohd; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Esa , Mohd Riduan; Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Ahmad , Anwer Sabah; Al-Turath University College Mekki , Fahad Taha Al-; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Dhief , Yaqdhan Mahmood; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Hussein
This work presents a new design of capsule slot antenna with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for wireless body area networks (WBANs) operating at the range of (2.5-4 GHz) which is located in the body area networks (BAN) standard in IEEE802.15.6. The proposed antenna was designed for WBANs. The substrate is assumed to be from Rogers 5880 with relative permittivity of 2.2, and thickness of 0.787 mm. The ground and the patch are created from annealed copper while the capsule is assumed to be a plastic material of medical grade polycarbonate. The antenna designed and summited using computer simulation technology (CST) software. A CST voxel model was used to study the performance of SIW capsule antenna and the ability of the band (2.5-4 GHz). Results indicated a wide bandwidth of 1.5 GHz between the range of (2.5-4) GHz at 3.3 GHz as center frequency, with return loss with more than -24.52 dB, a gain of -18.2 dB, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.17, and front-to-back ratio (FBR) of 10.07 dB. Through simulation, all considerable parameters associated with the proposed antenna including return loss, bandwidth, operating frequency, VSWR less than 2, radiation pattern were examined. Regarding size, gain, and frequency band, the proposed antenna is located with the standards of implantable medical devices (IMDs).
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page: 1450-1455
Publish at: 2021-10-01

ASR-FANET: An adaptive SDN-based routing framework for FANET

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4403-4412
Alaa Taima Albu-slaih , Hayder Ayad Khudhair
Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is widely used in many military, commercial and civilian applications. Compared with mobile adhoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), FANET holds unique characteristics such as high mobility, intermittent links and frequent topology changes, which cause a challenging task in the design of routing protocols. A novel adaptive software defined networking (SDN)-based routing framework for FANET called ASR-FANET is proposed in this article to solve the above challenges. The ASR-FANET framework is mainly composed of three important parts, which are the topology discovery mechanism, statistics gathering mechanism and route computation mechanism. In topology discovery mechanism, the periodic information about network topology is collected, including nodes and links. In statistics gathering mechanism, the status of the wireless network connection and flight statistics are collected. In route computation mechanism, the optimal path is calculated based on link costs. The performance of ASR-FANET framework is also has been evaluated by comprehensive simulations. The simulation results show that proposed framework is much better than other traditional protocols in packet delivery fraction, average end to end delay, normalized routing load, packet loss and throughput.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4403-4412
Publish at: 2021-10-01

MQTT-PRESENT: Approach to secure internet of things applications using MQTT protocol

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4577-4586
Imane Sahmi , Abderrahim Abdellaoui , Tomader Mazri , Nabil Hmina
The big challenge to raise for deploying the application's domain of the Internet of Things is security. As one of the popular messaging protocols in the IoT world, the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) is designed for constrained devices and machine-to-machine communications, based on the publish-subscribe model, it offers a basic authentication using username and password. However, this authentication method might have a problem in terms of security and scalability. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the current research in the literature related to the security for the MQTT protocol, before we give a brief description of each algorithm used on our approach, to finally propose a new approach to secure this protocol based on AugPAKE algorithm and PRESENT encryption. This solution provides mutual authentication between the broker and their clients (publishers and subscribers), the confidentiality of the published message is protected twice, the integrity and non-repudiation of MQTT messages which is protected during the process of transmission.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4577-4586
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Fuzzy super twisting algorithm dual direct torque control of doubly fed induction machine

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3782-3790
Boumaraf farid , Boutabba Tarek , Belkacem Sebti
This paper proposes the fundamental aspects of hybrid nonlinear control which is composed of the super twisting algorithm (STA) based second order sliding mode control applying fuzzy logic method (FSOSMC), with pertinent simulation results for a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) drive. To minimize chattering effect phenomenon due to Signum function employed in sliding mode algorithm, a new method is proposed. This technique consists in replacing the signum function by fuzzy switching function in the SOSMC to minimize flux and torque ripples. This FSOSMC is associated to the double direct torque control DDTC of the doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) by combining the advantages of fuzzy logic (FL) and the advantages of super-twisting sliding mode. The FSOSMC-DDTC strategy is compared with a PI-DDTC and SOSMC-DDTC. Simulation results demonstrate good efficiency and excellent robustness of the hybrid nonlinear controller.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 3782-3790
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20415
Basilius Bias Astho; Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Christyono , Moeljono; Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Widjaja , Arya; Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Wicaksana
Current advances in information technology have brought about significant changes, including ways to carry out elections using computer technology known as e-voting. Blockchain underlies the popularity of the digital currency Bitcoin and some other digital money, sparking the start of a new era of Internet use, including electronic voting (e-voting) system. In this work, we proposed designing and implementing an evoting system powered by the Ethereum blockchain. We used real-world data from the Indonesian Election Commission (KPU) with 26 candidates and 15,725 voters from the Jelupang sub-district. The testing and evaluation results using three miners in the blockchain show that the system could commit around 23 transactions per second. All 15,725 votes are committed to the blockchain successfully within 12.75 minutes. The total time required for creating all blockchain accounts is 13.4 hours. 
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page: 1565-1572
Publish at: 2021-10-01

Artificial neural network technique for improving prediction of credit card default: A stacked sparse autoencoder approach

10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4392-4402
Sarah A. Ebiaredoh-Mienye , E. Esenogho , Theo G. Swart
Presently, the use of a credit card has become an integral part of contemporary banking and financial system. Predicting potential credit card defaulters or debtors is a crucial business opportunity for financial institutions. For now, some machine learning methods have been applied to achieve this task. However, with the dynamic and imbalanced nature of credit card default data, it is challenging for classical machine learning algorithms to proffer robust models with optimal performance. Research has shown that the performance of machine learning algorithms can be significantly improved when provided with optimal features. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised feature learning method to improve the performance of various classifiers using a stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE). The SSAE was optimized to achieve improved performance. The proposed SSAE learned excellent feature representations that were used to train the classifiers. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with an instance where the classifiers were trained using the raw data. Also, a comparison is made with previous scholarly works, and the proposed approach showed superior performance over other methods.
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 4392-4402
Publish at: 2021-10-01

The application of Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ and YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ in dual-layer remote phosphor to enhance lumen output and color quality of WLEDs

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.15024
Phan Xuan; Van Lang University Le , Le Hung; Van Lang University Tien
This study proposes a dual-layer remote phosphor structure, comprised of a green or a red phosphor layer and a yellow YAG:Ce3+ phosphor layer, to enhance color rendering index (CRI) and color quality scale (CQS) of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The phosphors used in this study are green phosphor YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ and red phosphor Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+. Besides, the applied WLED structure has the color temperature of 8500 K. The study demonstrates the idea of placing a green phosphor YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ or a red Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ phosphor layer on the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ one. After that, the suitable concentration of Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ resulting in the highest color quality is determined. The obtained results showed that Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ is advantageous to CRI and CQS. Particularly, the values of CRI and CQS increased following the growth of Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ concentration, due to the rise in red light components inside WLED’s packages. Meanwhile, the luminous flux is benefited by the added green YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphor. However, there are decreases in lumen output and color quality when the concentrations of Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ and YAl3B4O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ rise over the corresponding levels. This result is proved via using Mie-scattering theory and Lambert-Beer's law. In short, the findings of the research paper are valuable references for high-light-quality WLEDs fabrication.
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page: 1665-1672
Publish at: 2021-10-01
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