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Design and simulation of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with energy storage

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1289-1298
Tan Chee Ting , Zulhani Rasin , Chan Sia Ching
Stand-alone power system provides a solution for the user in rural areas that are disconnected from the utility grid which requires power electronics device for the power conversion. This work proposes a design of 5-level cascaded H-bridge inverter with energy storage to realize DC-AC power conversion for such system. The DC-DC bidirectional converter is designed to control the charging and discharging of current into/from the battery during the buck and boost mode of operation. At the DC side, dual-loop control strategy using PI controllers is designed to control the current and voltage. The inner loop current controller controls the recharging/discharging of current for the battery, while the outer voltage controller controls the DC link voltage at 200 V for each of the H-bridge unit. At the AC side, multiple feedback loop control strategy regulates the inverter output voltage at 240 Vrms under various load change. The modelling and design of the system is implemented under Matlab Simulink environment. From the results, the battery storage unit works well with the DC link voltage to achieve a balance power transfer within the system between the PV source, load and battery storage under variation of PV power and loading condition.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1289-1298
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Novel deep learning model for vehicle and pothole detection

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1576-1582
Gayathri K. , Thangavelu S.
The most important aspect of automatic driving and traffic surveillance is vehicle detection. In addition, poor road conditions caused by potholes are the cause of traffic accidents and vehicle damage. The proposed work uses deep learning models. The proposed method can detect vehicles and potholes using images. The faster region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) and the inception network V2 model are used to implement the model. The proposed work compares the performance, accuracy numbers, detection time, and advantages and disadvantages of the faster region-based convolution neural network (Faster R-CNN) with single shot detector (SSD) and you only look once (YOLO) algorithms. The proposed method shows good progress than the existing methods such as SSD and YOLO. The measure of performance evaluation is Accuracy. The proposed method shows an improvement of 5% once compared with the previous methods such as SSD and YOLO.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1576-1582
Publish at: 2021-09-01

The effects of the cross-entropy stopping criterion and quadrature amplitude modulation on iterative turbo decoding performance

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1557-1564
Roslina Mohamad , Mohamad Yusuf Mat Nasir , Nuzli Mohamad Anas
One of the most often-used stopping criteria is the cross-entropy stopping criterion (CESC). The CESC can stop turbo decoder iterations early by calculating mutual information improvements while maintaining bit error rate (BER) performance. Most research on iterative turbo decoding stopping criteria has utilised low-modulation methods, such as binary phase-shift keying. However, a high-speed network requires high modulation to transfer data at high speeds. Hence, a high modulation technique needs to be integrated into the CESC to match its speed. Therefore, the present paper investigated and analysed the effects of the CESC and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on iterative turbo decoding. Three thresholds were simulated and tested under four situations: different code rates, different QAM formats, different code generators, and different frame sizes. The results revealed that in most situations, the use of CESC is suitable only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. This is because the CESC significantly reduces the average iteration number (AIN) while maintaining the BER. The CESC can terminate early at a high SNR and save more than 40% AIN compared with the fixed stopping criterion. Meanwhile, at a low SNR, the CESC fails to terminate early, which results in maximum AIN.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1557-1564
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Stretching exercise to reduce musculoskeletal pain among x bakery’s workers

10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20877
Dian Afif Arifah , Ani Asriani Basri
X bakery has 51 workers and produces approximately 60.000 pieces of bread in a day for nine working hours. Most of the production activities are manually handled and only. The low-level musculoskeletal pain reported by 92% of packaging workers. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and ideal duration of stretching exercise in reducing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers. Using quasi-experimental design, 51 workers involved as respondents who were asked to do a simple stretching exercise in specific duration, five days a week in at least 4 weeks. The MSDs score were measured using the nordic body map (NBM) questionnaire. Intervention divided into 4 categories based on the duration. There is lower level of musculoskeletal pain among all exercise group in average, but comparison test doesn’t show a significant difference compared to control group (p-value=0.232). The group with 15 minutes exercise is the only group that significantly difference compared with the control group (p-value=0.020). The workers with 15 minutes stretching exercise, five days a week tend to have 5.16 % lower level of musculoskeletal pain compared to the control group. Another type of exercise and various durations might be needed as comparison to obtain more representative result.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page: 544-550
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Quality of provider-client interaction in a reproductive health clinic in Isabela, Philippines

10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20834
Rosalinda S. Guingab , Pedrita N. Medrano
The quality of provider-interaction determines client satisfaction and decision to seek health care. This research aimed to determine the women clients’ perception of their quality of interaction with the health care providers in a government reproductive health clinic in one of the municipalities in northern Philippines. Respondents consisted of 30 pregnant women who had visited the clinic for prenatal health care check-up were interviewed. A structured questionnaire and a semi-structured guided for probing served as the study’s research instruments. Women perceived the health care providers to possess good communication skills, and had displayed behavior that showed a regard for them. However, the providerinteraction was considered to be unilinear, with the provider perceived to have dominated the interface, The women also perceived only a somewhat evident show of sympathy/empathy. Hostile words were heard frequently. Creation of a two-way interaction with respect for their clients must be considered by the health care providers. Policies must also be formulated to improve the quality of provider-client interaction inside reproductive health clinics.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page: 522-528
Publish at: 2021-09-01

True power loss reduction by mountain zebra, augmented bat, and improved kidney search algorithms

10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp205-211
Lenin Kanagasabai
In this paper optimal reactive power problem is solved by mountain zebra algorithm (MZA), augmented bat algorithm (AB), and improved kidney search (IKS) algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, an intermediate state has been established at first, and then explores the intermediate state in order to obtain the global optima. Iterative local search implemented in this proposed algorithm. This technique enhances the search procedure in rapid mode. Then in this work, IKS algorithm has been proposed for solving optimal reactive power problem. In initial phase, a random population of probable solutions is created and re-absorption, secretion, excretion are imitated in the search process to check various conditions entrenched to the algorithm. The algorithm has been built to advance the search even a potential solution moved to waste (W) and it will be brought back to the filtered blood (FB). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test is utilized to verify the fitness of kidneys. Better efficiency of the proposed MZA, AB, and IKS algorithm confirmed by successful evaluation in standard IEEE 14-bus, 118-bus, and 300-bus test systems. The results show that active power loss has been reduced.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page: 205-211
Publish at: 2021-09-01

High efficiency Doherty power amplifiers for modern wireless communication systems: A brief review

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1855-1860
Mussa Mabrok , Zahriladha Zakaria , Tole Sutikno
Dueto the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of modern modulated signals, power amplifiers (PAs) have been forced to operate at the back-off (BO) region of their saturation power in order to avoid signal clipping and distortion. However, classical PAs suffer from low efficiency in the BO region operation. Therefore, efficiency has to be enhanced in that region. Many techniques have been proposed. Among them, the Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is considered as the most suitable technique due to its simple structure and high performance. However, its conventional design is limited to a 6 dB BO level, which does not satisfy the requirements of modern communication systems. In this paper, a brief review of the most significant techniques of high-efficiency DPA is presented. First, DPA topology and its operation principles are briefly discussed. Second, efficiency enhancement techniques such as an asymmetrical DPA, output combiner modification, gate bias adaption, offset line optimization, and multi-way DPA were discussed. The study shows that the most suitable, simple, and effective solution is an asymmetrical approach. However, it needs to be investigated in terms of bandwidth in order to meet the efficiency-bandwidth requirements of modern wireless communication systems such as 5G.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1855-1860
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Alternative liquid dielectrics in power transformer insulation: a review

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1761-1777
Bokang Agripa Tlhabologo , Ravi Samikannu , Modisa Mosalaosi
Transformer liquid dielectrics evolved where mineral oil has been the dominant choice until emergence of synthetic esters and natural esters. Natural ester-based oils have been under extensive investigations to enhance their properties for replacing petroleum-based mineral oil, which is non-biodegradable and has poor dielectric properties. This paper focuses on exposition of natural ester oil application in mixed transformer liquid dielectrics. Physical, chemical, electrical, and ageing characteristics of these dielectrics and the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) were reviewed. Physical properties include viscosity, pour point, flash and fire point which are vital indicators of heat insulation and fire risk. Chemical properties considered are water content, acid number, DGA, corrosive sulphur, and sludge content to limit and detect degradation and corrosion due to oil ageing. Electrical properties including breakdown voltage were considered for consistent insulation during overload and fault conditions. These properties of evolving alternative dielectrics were reviewed based on ASTM International standards and International Electro technical Commission standards for acceptable transformer liquid dielectrics. This review paper was compiled to avail modern methodologies for both the industry and scholars, also providing the significance of using mixed dielectrics for power transformers as they are concluded to show superiority over non-mixed dielectrics.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1761-1777
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Advanced UI test automation (AUTA) for BIOS validation using OpenCV and OCR

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1350-1356
Eissa Abdullah Awadh Mohammed , Muslim Mustapa , Hasliza Rahim , Mohd Natashah Norizan
Basic input output system (BIOS) validation is performed on both graphical user interface (GUI) and command-line interface (CLI) by a test engineer. Keyboard and mouse are used to insert test cases commands into system under test (SUT). Test engineer monitors test cases progress on a monitor for validation. This method is time-consuming and relatively more expensive than automation. In this project we designed an independent automation system that able to mimic human interaction in BIOS validation. The approach can be divided into two main parts. The first part is the input device to enter commands into SUT and the second part is the advanced image recognizer. The keyboard and mouse emulator is used as an input device to reproduce test commands and send them to an SUT. The image analyzer algorithm is developed using OpenCV and optical character recognizer (OCR) tools to help automate some test challenges. Our result shows that advanced user interface (UI) test automation (AUTA) can perform a 125 test cases within 5 hours compared to 48 hours for a human to complete the job.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1350-1356
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Mathematical modeling and algorithm for calculation of thermocatalytic process of producing nanomaterial

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1590-1601
Bakhtiyar Ismailov , Zhanat Umarova , Khairulla Ismailov , Aibarsha Dosmakanbetova , Saule Meldebekova
At present, when constructing a mathematical description of the pyrolysis reactor, partial differential equations for the components of the gas phase and the catalyst phase are used. In the well-known works on modeling pyrolysis, the obtained models are applicable only for a narrow range of changes in the process parameters, the geometric dimensions are considered constant. The article poses the task of creating a complex mathematical model with additional terms, taking into account nonlinear effects, where the geometric dimensions of the apparatus and operating characteristics vary over a wide range. An analytical method has been developed for the implementation of a mathematical model of catalytic pyrolysis of methane for the production of nanomaterials in a continuous mode. The differential equation for gaseous components with initial and boundary conditions of the third type is reduced to a dimensionless form with a small value of the peclet criterion with a form factor. It is shown that the laplace transform method is mainly suitable for this case, which is applicable both for differential equations for solid-phase components and calculation in a periodic mode. The adequacy of the model results with the known experimental data is checked.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1590-1601
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Design and implementation of an adaptive multilevel wireless security system using IoT

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1804-1813
Mohammed M. Sultan , Amer T. Saeed , Ahmed M. Sana
Securing property plays a crucial role in human life. Therefore, an adaptive multilevel wireless security system (ML-WSS) based on the internet of things (IoT) has been proposed to observe and secure a certain place. ML-WSS consists of hardware and software components, such as a set of sensors, Wi-Fi module, and operation and monitoring mobile application (OMM). The OMM application is designed to remotely monitor and control the proposed system through the Internet and by using ThingSpeak cloud as a data store. The proposed scheme is based on dividing the required zone of the place into three regions (levels), low-risk region (LRR) as level-1, moderate-risk region (MRR) level-2, and high-risk region (HRR) as level-3. Each level may contain one or set of sensors, so the number of sensors, their placement, and under which level is labelled is specified according to the security requirements. Several processes are done based on these levels when a breach occurs in the system. Mathematical model and pseudocode were created to illustrate the mechanism of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed system has been implemented successfully and the number of breaches that occurs in level-3 area was reduced by 50% as compared to level-1.
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page: 1804-1813
Publish at: 2021-09-01

A framework to shape the recommender system features based on participatory design and artificial intelligence approaches

10.11591/ijai.v10.i3.pp727-734
Tajul Rosli Razak , Mohammad Hafiz Ismail , Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi , Ray Adderley JM Gining , Ruhaila Maskat
A recommender system is an algorithm aiming at giving suggestions to users on relevant elements or items such as products to purchase, books to read, jobs to apply or anything else depending on industries or situations. Recently, there has been a surge in interest in developing a recommender system in a variety of areas. One of the most widely used approaches in recommender systems is collaborative filtering (CF). The CF is a strategy for automatically creating a filter based on a user's needs by extracting desires or recommendation information from a large number of users. The CF approach uses multiple correlation steps to do this. However, the occurrence of uncertainty in finding the best similarity measure is unavoidable. This paper outlines a method for improving the configuration of a recommender system that is tasked with recommending an appropriate study field and supervisor to a group of final-year project students. The framework we suggest is built on a participatory design methodology that allows students' individual opinions to be factored into the recommender system's design. The architecture of the recommender scheme was also illustrated using a real-world scenario, namely mapping the students' field of interest to a possible supervisor for the final year project.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page: 727-734
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Rotating blade faults classification of a rotor-disk-blade system using artificial neural network

10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1900-1911
Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud , Ahmad Jamal , Surajuddeen Adewusi , Arunachalam Sundaram
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1900-1911
Publish at: 2021-09-01

A review on the plant secondary metabolites with special context with North East India

10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp245-250
Devi Ritismita , Manash Pratim Sarma
Extracting phytochemicals or phytocompounds for the upliftment of general health and sustainability is one of the greatest needs of the millennium. Plants have immense quality in regard to secondary metabolites although not required for general growth and development yet are very much necessary for forming a protective gear and maintaining homeostasis. With their immense diversity in curing various diseases, these plants' secondary metabolites therefore must be put forth and given much importance in generation and production from the root level to the mission worldwide. Along with the increasing cases of failure in the usage of chemotherapeutic drugs and their utilities, the implementation of secondary metabolites for their various medicinal characteristic in therapeutic cases are also increasing in demand. With the increasing demand for Ayurveda treatment and the popularity of the mass, it can be positively taken up as a means of earning capital and making self-sustaining. North-Eastern states of India in this regard are a vital source of income and also a media to generate and bring indigenous products to the world.
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page: 245-250
Publish at: 2021-09-01

Asymmetrical four-wire cascaded h-bridge multi-level inverter based shunt active power filter supplied by a photovoltaic source

10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1673-1686
Kamel Saleh , Omar Mahmoud
This paper presents a novel shunt active power filter (SAPF). The power converter that is used in this SAPF is constructed from a four-leg asymmetric multi-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter that is fed from a photovoltaic source. A three-dimensional space vector modulation (3D-SVPWM) technique is adopted in this work. The multi-level inverter can generate 27-level output with harmonic content is almost zero. In addition to the capability to inject reactive power and mitigating the harmonics, the proposed SAPF has also, the ability to inject real power as it is fed from a PV source. Moreover, it has a fault-tolerant capability that makes the SAPF maintaining its operation under a loss of one leg of the multi-level inverter due to an open-circuit fault without any degradation in the performance. The proposed SAPF is designed and simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK using a single nonlinear load and the results have shown a significant reduction in total harmonics distortion (THD) of the source current under the normal operating condition and post a failure in one phase of the SAPF. Also, similar results are obtained when IEEE 15 bus network is used.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1673-1686
Publish at: 2021-09-01
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