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29,939 Article Results

Ability of chitosan membrane from blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells to removal iron level (Fe) in water

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20682
Nur Rafiqa Puspita Sari , Iva Rustanti Eri , Demes Nurmayanti , Ferry Kriswandana , Narwati Narwati
Clam shells are a food solid waste that increases and accumulates every day, causing environmental pollution. Clam shells (Anadora granosa) contain chitin. Chitin can be processed into chitosan, which effective in absorbing heavy metals. To increase absorption, chitosan modified into a membrane. The purpose of this study was to analyze the membrane's ability of chitosan waste from blood clam shells to reduce levels of iron in water. The design of this study was pure experimentation. The object of research used was iron-containing artificial water made from iron salt powder at a dose of 4.50 mg/L. Variations of Chitosan concentration to the membranes manufacture were 1%, 2%, 3%. Analysis of the data used was One Way Anova Test. Chitosan characterization analysis using XR Diffraction showed that chitosan was isolated from shells at peak angles at 17.99o and 34.04o. The highest percentage of iron reduction was given by membranes with a chitosan concentration of 3%, which have decreased of 94%. The results showed that the membrane of blood shells chitosan can reduce iron levels in water and can be an alternative material in the utilization of clamshell waste. The membrane can be applied in simple water treatment filtration systems in the community.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 330-335
Publish at: 2021-06-01

The role of nutrition in COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20662
Lestari Octavia , Johan Harlan
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the most vulnerable groups are those with pre-existing health problems and the elderly due to their reduced immune system to prevent infection. Nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining the immune system to prevent pathogen manifestation. This review aimed to identify and discuss the role of nutrients in COVID-19 in developing immunity. Studies included in this review were obtained from articles published in reputable journals accessed from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website, leading search engine, in a retrospective timeframe from January 1 to May 2, 2020, using specified keywords. The search resulted in seven articles relevant to the objective of the review. They highlighted the role of nutrients, namely the deficiency of essential nutrients that might exacerbate the health status. The consumption of certain nutrients, micronutrient and omega-3 might be tolerated up to the upper level of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) to benefit the health status. This review can assist in providing the prevention and mitigation approach to improve immunity amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The government should expand the continuous delivery of messages regarding the benefit of appropriate nutrients in maintaining health and immune system. Furthermore, the current condition gives the best opportunity to educate the community on a healthy and balanced diet for daily life.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 304-310
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Intention on food safety among food handlers at the beach culinary tourism area

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20859
Asep Rustiawan , Dyah Suryani
Food safety remains a public health issue in developing countries. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was applied to predict food handlers' intentions to perform safe food-handling practices in food processing. This was a quantitative research with observational analytic methods, using cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 80 food handlers of locally-run seafood stalls along the coast of Bantul Regency, Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data analysis employed Chi-square test. The results showed a very strong relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy with the food handler's intention to perform hygienic food safety. This study suggested that food handlers must have a strong intention to perform safe food-handling practicing in processing food to protect consumers from potential foodborne diseases.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 318-323
Publish at: 2021-06-01

The impact of peer assisted learning on mentors’ academic life and communication skill in medical faculty: A systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20717
Sabrina Intan Zoraya , Mutiara Tri Florettira , Rizma Adlia Syakurah , Abdillah Adipatria B. Azhar , Andika Okparasta , Tri Hari Irfani
Peer assisted learning (PAL) was initiated to support the first-year students. In medical faculty, first-year students often find starting new academic life challenging. The impact from the peer mentors’ aspect is not widely explore. The aim of this study was to review studies that reported the impact of PAL programs on peer mentors in medical faculty, particularly on their academic life and communication skill. The DOAJ, PubMed Central, SciELO, and Science Direct databases advanced search used to conduct a systematic literature searching. Systematic search was performed according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist recommendations. Five studies were included. All of the reviewed studies shown the impact of PAL programs on mentors’ academic life. Three studies have shown both the impact of PAL programs on mentors on their academic life and communication skill. Studies in this review have shown positive impacts on mentors’ academic life and communication skill. Good communication skills, empathy, leadership and teaching skills will promote individual abilities and skills as a doctor, be it as a practitioner, or as an educator.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 401-410
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Improved grey wolf algorithm for optimization problems

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1573-1579
Hafiz Maaz Asgher , Yana Mazwin Mohmad Hassim , Rozaida Ghazali , Muhammad Aamir
The grey wolf optimization (GWO) is a nature inspired and meta-heuristic algorithm, it has successfully solved many optimization problems and give better solution as compare to other algorithms. However, due to its poor exploration capability, it has imbalance relation between exploration and exploitation. Therefore, in this research work, the poor exploration part of GWO was improved through hybrid with whale optimization algorithm (WOA) exploration. The proposed grey wolf whale optimization algorithm (GWWOA) was evaluated on five unimodal and five multimodal benchmark functions. The results shows that GWWOA offered better exploration ability and able to solve the optimization problem and give better solution in search space. Additionally, GWWOA results were well balanced and gave the most optimal in search space as compare to the standard GWO and WOA algorithms.
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Page: 1573-1579
Publish at: 2021-06-01

School space selection preferences: Architectural perspective toward formal school

10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20726
Kurnia Widiastuti , Mohamad Joko Susilo , Hanifah Sausan Nurfinaputri
School space plays an essential role in creating a pleasurable learning atmosphere. The tendency of everyone to choose a school space also varies. By knowing this trend pattern, schools can be designed to improve student learning effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to find out which school spaces students choose to study, what kind of room criteria are needed, and distribution patterns of students' preference choices. This research used both the qualitative exploratory and quantitative methods using an open-ended question questionnaire for data collection. Data analysis techniques used qualitative analysis methods consisting of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results showed that the library, mosque, and multimedia laboratory were the most preferred space for students to study at school. Some factors that influence the selection include thermal comfort, completeness of supporting facilities, and acoustic comfort.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 502-511
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Fire-fighting UAV with shooting mechanism of fire extinguishing ball for smart city

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1320-1326
Nastaran Reza Nazar Zadeh , Ameralden H. Abdulwakil , Mike Joshua R. Amar , Bernadette Durante , Christian Vincent Nico Reblando Santos
With the growth of technology and massive city development, firefighting services have become more challenging to cope with a smart-city concept. One of the challenges that firefighters are facing is reaching the top floors of high-raised buildings. Firefighters need heavy and oversized pieces of equipment to reach top floors, which they sometimes fail to deliver on time due to big cities' traffic. The proposed solution to this global problem is using firefighting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach the top floors fast and efficiently; It can also provide a better vision for the firefighting team and slow down the spread of fire using fire extinguishing ball. In this paper, a noble design for a Firefighting UAV with shooting and dropping mechanism of fire extinguishing ball has been developed and successfully tested. A Camera with night vision has been integrated into the UAV to provide a helpful aid for firefighters. The UAV has a controller with a 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) signal and video surveillance to regulate the UAV's movement. The controller is also for activating the shooting and dropping mechanism. The researchers examined the behavior of the drone in terms of its stability and functionality.
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Page: 1320-1326
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Evaluation of cardiovascular disease program in Sleman District, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20492
Liena Sofiana , Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Desi Nurfita , Fardhiasih Dwi Astuti , Putri Arum Sholekhati
Cardiovascular disease remains the biggest cause of death, while hypertension is the biggest risk factor for heart disease for 12 years from 2000 to 2012. Various programs to prevent and control hypertension have been carried out throughout the Sleman District Health Center, but the achievement of minimum service standards (SPM) hypertension has not met the target. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiovasculer program in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. This research was mixed method design, with the sample consisted of 25 staff holding cardiovasculer program programs in health centers in Sleman Regency. The instruments used in this study were interview guides and check lists. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by entering data in spreadsheets and then categorizing, while qualitative analysis was conducted by using content analysis based on findings obtained from quantitative data. The results showed problems in the input aspect, namely the availability of human resources and facilities were still considered to be lacking, dual positions disturbed work effectiveness. In the aspect of the process it's good but there are still obstacles that are felt by the program holders. In the output aspect, Sleman Regency has not yet reached the SPM target for hypertension services.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 221-230
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Application of Tamarindus indica seed extract as bio-coagulant to removal suspended solids and colors

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20686
Agustin Dewi , Iva Rustanti Eri , Hermiyanti Pratiwi , Nerawati Diana A.T , Narwati Narwati
The batik traditional industries in East Java, Indonesia generally not have a proper wastewater treatment plant yet, so liquid waste directly discharge into the river. Batik wastewater generally have a dark color, which derived from the coloring of naphthol with number of suspended solids greater than 100 mg/L and color concentration more than 250 Pt.Co. Tamarind seed extract is known to contain natural polyelectrolytes active group, which had function as bio-coagulant. The research objective was to analyze the application of tamarind seed extract as bio-coagulant in wastewater treatment of the Batik traditional industries, by reducing suspended solids levels and color of wastewater. The research design used pretest and posttest control group design with variations of bio-coagulant doses of 10ml/L, 30ml/L, and 50ml/L, and analyzed using the Two Way Anova Test. The results showed that the level of suspended solids in wastewater before treatment averaged 291mg/L, and the average color content was 593 Pt-Co, so it did not meet the quality standards of the Governor of East Java No 72/2013. For the highest reduction in suspended solids levels at a dose of 10ml/L reduced up to 95.1% and the highest decrease in color levels at a dose of 50ml/L, reduced up to 87.8%. Traditional batik wastewater treatment, which used a coagulation-flocculation process with bio-coagulant extract of tamarind seeds could reduce levels of suspended solids and colors, in order to meet the specified quality standards.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 324-329
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Pedestrian age estimation based on deep learning

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1548-1555
Nawal Younis Abdullah , Mohammed Talal Ghazal , Najwan Waisi
The large-scale distribution of camera networks in the traffic area resulted in the increasing popularity of video surveillance systems. As pedestrian detection and tracking are the critical monitoring targets in traffic surveillance, many studies focus on pedestrian detection algorithms across cameras. This paper addressed the effect of using the age estimation based on deep convolution neural network (CNN) as a convenience for pedestrian monitoring who is crossing at intersections. Two popular deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) pre-trained models have been used in this work, which have recently achieved the best performance in facial features extraction tasks: VGG-Face and ResNet-50. We combined these two models to increase the efficiency of the proposed system. We ran our experiments to evaluate the system based on the VGGFace2 dataset consisting of 3.31 million face images. From the experimental results, we observed a gap in the detection performances between those age groups: children from (00-10) years and elderly with 55 years and more. Moreover, it noted that the proposed pedestrian age estimation model performance is high, also a good result can be obtained by using the model for new purpose.
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Page: 1548-1555
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Multi-scale fusion for underwater image enhancement using multi-layer perceptron

10.11591/ijai.v10.i2.pp389-397
M. Sudhakara , M. Janaki Meena
Underwater image enhancement (UIE) is an imperative computer vision activity with many applications and different strategies proposed in recent years. Underwater images are firmly low in quality by a mixture of noise, wavelength dependency, and light attenuation. This paper depicts an effective strategy to improve the quality of degraded underwater images. Existing methods for dehazing in the literature considering dark channel prior utilize two separate phases for evaluating the transmission map (i.e., transmission estimation and transmission refinement). Accurate restoration is not possible with these methods and takes more computational time. A proposed three-step method is an imaging approach that does not need particular hardware or underwater conditions. First, we utilize the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to comprehensively evaluate transmission maps by base channel, followed by contrast enhancement.  Furthermore, a gamma-adjusted version of the MLP recovered image is derived. Finally, the multi-scale fusion method was applied to two attained images. The standardized weight is computed for the two images with three different weights in the fusion process. The quantitative results show that significantly our approach gives the better result with the difference of 0.536, 2.185, and 1.272 for PCQI, UCIQE, and UIQM metrics, respectively, on a single underwater image benchmark dataset. The qualitative results also give better results compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 389-397
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Modification of Calgary Cambridge for Indonesian medical students: Communication guidelines

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20612
Galih Cahya Wijayanti , Rizma Adlia Syakurah , Mariatul Fadilah
Effective communication skill applied by doctors in the doctor-patient consultation process becomes one of important factors that can improve the consultation outcomes such as patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment and recovery process. However, effective doctor-patient communication is rarely applied in practice. Limited consultation time, patient overload, doctor burnout, and poor communication skills are among the factors that cause ineffective doctor-patient communication process. This study aimed to develop a new effective communication guideline for doctor-patient communication in Indonesia by modifying the Calgary Cambridge medical interview guide. This study uses qualitative approach within four stages: expert panel, student panel and focus group discussion, expert review, and trials. Informants were chosen purposively. Three points of high category, 24 points of middle category and 44 points of low category are resulted from expert panel stage which consists of specialist representatives from 12 clinical divisions in Dr. Moehammad Hoesin central public hospital (RSMH), Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The high and middle category were discussed by two groups of internships doctors in RSMH in student panel and focus group discussion (FGD) session. The results were validated by a doctor-patient communication expert (expert reviewer) and then tested by the internship doctors through role play at the trial stage. The final result yields eight main points and eleven effective tips of the Calgary Cambridge Guide checklist modification with five to six minutes effective consultation time. This modified guideline is appropriately applicable for doctor-patient communication in daily consultation in Indonesian practical, social and cultural context.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 361-369
Publish at: 2021-06-01

The model influence of authoritarian parenting, extraversion personality, and conformity to bullying among students

10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20914
Pipih Muhopilah , Fatwa Tentama , Yuzarion Yuzarion
The purpose of this study was to analyze the model of the influence of authoritarian parenting, extraversion personality, and conformity to bullying in students. The population in this study were all students of grade eight of X, Y, Z state middle school in Yogyakarta, consisting of 524 students. The sample in this study was 185 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling. The data were collected with the scales which were developed for each variable studied. Data analysis was performed by testing the outer and inner models using structural equation model (SEM) through the Smart Partial Least Square 3.2.8 program. The results of this study were the formation of the model of the influence of authoritarian parenting, extraversion personality, and conformity to bullying that was found to be fit with empirical data. Overall, the findings suggested that all variables under investigation (authoritarian parenting, extraversion personality, and conformity) had positive and a very significant influence on bullying. This model can be used as a valid reference in developing bullying variables.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 483-493
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Relationship of knowledge and attitude with food handling practices: A systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20665
Kholis Ernawati , Qatrunnada Nadhifah , Anis Muslikha , Muhammad Hidayat , Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo , Fathul Jannah , Dini Widianti , Yusnita Yusnita
Foodborne disease is still a public health problem in several countries. Food handler's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) are factors that are risk factors for foodborne disease incidence. The research objective was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of food handlers in maintaining food hygiene using a systematic review approach. The research method used is the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol approach. The article search process was accessed on PLOS ONE, Pro-Quest, and Google Scholar. A descriptive analysis was carried out on each research variable. The results obtained eight papers (100% sociodemography, 100% knowledge, 62.5% attitude, and 87.5% behavior). The mean of significant articles on sociodemographic variables was 18.5%, experience 59.38%, attitudes 13.33%, and 23.81%. There are 37.5% of the articles showed significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with food handling practice.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 336-347
Publish at: 2021-06-01

Enhancing three variants of harmony search algorithm for continuous optimization problems

10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2343-2349
Alaa A. Alomoush , Abdul Rahman A. Alsewari , Kamal Z. Zamli , Ayat Alrosan , Waleed Alomoush , Khalid Alissa
Meta-heuristic algorithms are well-known optimization methods, for solving real-world optimization problems. Harmony search (HS) is a recognized meta-heuristic algorithm with an efficient exploration process. But the HS has a slow convergence rate, which causes the algorithm to have a weak exploitation process in finding the global optima. Different variants of HS introduced in the literature to enhance the algorithm and fix its problems, but in most cases, the algorithm still has a slow convergence rate. Meanwhile, opposition-based learning (OBL), is an effective technique used to improve the performance of different optimization algorithms, including HS. In this work, we adopted a new improved version of OBL, to improve three variants of Harmony Search, by increasing the convergence rate speed of these variants and improving overall performance. The new OBL version named improved opposition-based learning (IOBL), and it is different from the original OBL by adopting randomness to increase the solution's diversity. To evaluate the hybrid algorithms, we run it on benchmark functions to compare the obtained results with its original versions. The obtained results show that the new hybrid algorithms more efficient compared to the original versions of HS. A convergence rate graph is also used to show the overall performance of the new algorithms.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 2343-2349
Publish at: 2021-06-01
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