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29,922 Article Results

Community knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in prevention of COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20664
Kholis Ernawati , Istri Bela Cantika , Riska Rammadita Isaputri , Atika Wahyu Andari , Muhammad Fajar Ramadhan , Shifa Khaunan Nathasia , Rifqatussa’adah Rifqatussa’adah , Hayati Sari Hasibuan , Lina Tri Mugi Astuti , Yunita Ismail
The research objective was to determine the community's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 with a systematic review approach. The research method used the protocol preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The research variables were sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent COVID 19. The search process for articles was accessed on three electronic journal databases. The article inclusion criteria are quantitative research, primary data, and year of publication (January-July 2020), in English, open access; have gone through the peer review stage, and full-text articles. A descriptive analysis was carried out on each research variable. The results showed ten articles that fit the inclusion criteria, consisting of 100% sociodemographic variables, 90% knowledge, 90% attitude, and 80% behavior. The number of articles with significant research results on knowledge variables (covering aspects of disease recognition, modes of transmission, general symptoms, and methods of prevention) was 61.11% of articles. The number of significant articles on attitude variables (including self-isolation, use of masks, social distancing, COVID-19, and government) was 35.54%. The number of substantial articles on the variable of preventive behavior (including handwashing, social distancing, hand sanitizers, use of masks, and self-isolation) was 45%.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 16-26
Publish at: 2021-03-01

A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Indonesian residents during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20609
Titik Respati , Siska Nia Irasanti , Dewi Sartika , Ieva Baniyah Akbar , Roy Rillera Marzo
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The speed at which COVID-19 become pandemic and spread all over the world is alarming. A critical aspect of this type of pandemic is on the mental health of the community. This survey aimed to describe psychological distress in Indonesia's general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection began on 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. An online survey using Google Form with snowball sampling method used in this study. A modified version of the COVID-19 peri-traumatic distress index (CPDI) with 24 items used. The survey questionnaire included socio-economic and demographic variables. The study's total responses were 1,287, with 33 excluded from the analysis because of incomplete responses or not meeting inclusion criteria. Results showed that 63.5% of respondents reported having normal or no distress, 34% were having mild to moderate levels of distress, and 2.8% having severe distress. Age is the only variable that correlates with the level of distress. Healthcare workers and the general population showed no significant differences in the level of distress. During the early break of the COVID-19 pandemic, around 40% of respondents rated their psychological state having moderate to severe distress. These findings can be used to develop better psychological intervention measures and prevention of mental health during the pandemic.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 119-126
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Systematic review of community efforts in early handling post-exposure prophylaxis cases of rabies animal bite transmission

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20557
Tanti Marjiana , Asti Melani Astari , Lilik Zuhriyah
Rabies is acute progressive encephalitis, caused by a virus that enters the body after the bite of an infected animal, and migrates to the brain. Management of rabies animal bite transmission (GHPR) with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the most important strategy for preventing rabies-related mortality. GHPR victims need the right PEP. Effective post-exposure provision depends on good individual awareness about rabies and access to health services. To find out the efforts made by the community in raising public awareness to get PEP by doing initial handling after GHPR appropriately. This systematic review begins by identifying the literature on scientific articles that have been published in 2014-2019 in international databases namely Proquest, ScienceDirect, Springer and Ebsco. Selection is done by systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and selected using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist format tools. The nine relevant articles were obtained to be analyzed into a systematic review, namely four articles from the Proquest database, two articles from the ScienceDirect database and three articles from the Ebsco database. Community efforts in initial treatment of victims exposed to GHPR are immediately carried out by applying wound washing, providing antiseptics and immediately to health care facilities to get further treatment. The community should understand important information about handling practices in GHPR wound management appropriately. PEP was an immediate action for early relief when victims are exposed to GHPR. PEP was conducted as an effort to prevent the virus from developing into dangerous stages that could result in death
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 127-135
Publish at: 2021-03-01

The factors correlated to nurses’ decision activating code blue team in hospital

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20574
Ekwantoro Ekwantoro , Kuswantoro Rusca Putra , setyoadi setyoadi
The success and hindrances of the blue-code activation were based on nurses’ readiness to request assistance once a patient’s clinical condition decreases. This research aimed to determine the nurses’ hindrance factors in making the blue code activation at hospitals. This research is analytical-observational with a cross-sectional approach. The samples consisted of 93 nurses taken randomly. The data were collected by questionnaire from March until April 2020 at one of the Nganjuk Government Hospitals. The Pearson test result showed a correlation between experience with p-value 0.022, education with a p-value 0.000, cognition with p-value 0.006, and organizational culture with a p-value 0.000 toward decision-making (p-value<0.05). The multiple linear regression multivariate analysis shows an Exp. value (B) of education is 0.292, experience with a value 0.178, cognition with a value 0.194, and cultural organization with a score of 0.425. Thus, it could be concluded that the organizational culture was the most dominant factor of the nurses’ decision making. The hindrances and success of the nurses’ decision-making are based on the nurses’ characteristics, such as cognition, communication skill, and collaboration skill. The support from the leader of an organization would influence nurses’ confidence dealing with patients’ health.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 202-206
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Bidirectional gated recurrent unit for improving classification in credit card fraud detection

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1704-1712
Imane Sadgali , Nawal Sael , Fouazia Benabbou
In recent years, the use of credit cards around the world has grown enormously. Thus, the number of fraud cases have also increased, resulting in losses of thousands of dollars worldwide. Therefore, it is mandatory to use techniques that are able to assist in the detection of credit card fraud. For this purpose, we have proposed a multi-level architecture, composed of four levels: authentication level, behavioral level, smart level and background processing level. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of the smart level. The aim of this level is to develop a classifier for the detection of credit card fraud, using bidirectional gated recurrent units (BGRU). The experiments, applied on well-known credit card fraud dataset from Kaggle, show that this model has peak performance compared to other proposed models, with 97.16% for accuracy rate and 99.66% for the area under the ROC curve.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1704-1712
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health facilities roles in measuring progress of universal health coverage

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20624
Muhiuddin Haider , Emily Vooris , Ananya Krishnan
Outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all people can access affordable and equitable essential health services without facing economic challenges. Advised by the World Health Organization (WHO), countries can strengthen their health systems and subsequently UHC by establishing a robust health system on a framework of service delivery; health workforce; information; medical products, vaccines and technologies; financing; and leadership and governance. By achieving UHC, countries progress in other health-related goals and provide for healthier children, a stronger workforce and long-term economic development. As announced by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in 2011, Bangladesh has remained committed towards UHC through the implementation of programs that increase availability and financial accessibility of essential health services. To produce information regarding their contribution to UHC and specifically the work of its health facilities, Bangladesh produced the 2017 Bangladesh health facilities survey (BHFS). Based on a qualitative analysis, the 2017 BHFS provides substantial information regarding the presence of essential services within different facilities and locations. However, the survey inadequately addresses other components that contribute to availability and accessibility of services, including utilization, patient load, quality of care and financial burden. Subsequently, the 2017 BHFS does not provide a comprehensive evaluation of their health facilities and their contribution to UHC. Arguably, a future survey must address these topics and incorporate a multidisciplinary approach to successfully implement UHC. This approach would incorporate multidisciplinary stakeholders including economists, public health figures and politicians to address challenges such as financial burden, public distrust, and qualified training of providers.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 103-112
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Impact of home quarantine due to COVID-19 among Bangladeshi population

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20628
S. M. Mustofa Kamal , Md. Feroz Kabir , Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Jalal Uddin , Md. Sujon Hosen , Shahida Sultana Shumi , Md. Ahnaf Al Mukit
COVID-19 is an emergency public health issue and home quarantine can prevent the transmission. Quarantine restricts the people’s mobility and it has a silent impact on physical, psychological and economical aspect. The purpose was to explore the impact of home quarantine among the general population in Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional survey with 600 samples from different district of Bangladesh by convenient sampling with a structured and language validated questionnaire. The results indicate the huge impact of home quarantine. Among 600 participants, 71.7% (n=430) showed impact on their psychological health, 48.5% (n=291) physical health and 82.5% (n=495) on their economy. Study showed strong association between gender and psychological impact (p<0.01) and very strong association between living area and their psychological impact (p<0.00).There has also very strong association between their occupation and impact on their economy (p<0.00). Home quarantine has a progressive negative impact on the individual’s psychological health, physical health and their economy. Individual’s gender, living area and occupations are strongly associated with those negative impacts due to home quarantine. Supporting agency should take initiative to mitigate this all negative impacts of home quarantine and need to develop protocol for maintaining for health during quarantine time.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 1-7
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Generalized anxiety disorder associated with individual work performance of Indonesian medical personnel during COVID-19 outbreak

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20633
Eko Sujadi , Muhammad Fadhli , Muhd. Odha Meditamar , Dairabi Kamil , Ahmad Jamin , Hengki Yandri , Syaiful Indra
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has the potential to affect the mental health of medical personnel. This study aimed to investigate the anxiety experienced by medical personnel during the COVID-19 outbreak and its correlation with individual work performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 501 Medical Personnel in Indonesia. Anxiety level and work performance were assessed by the GAD-7 and IWP-1.0. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation. The results showed that 33.33% of the participants did not experience anxiety, followed by moderate, mild, and severe levels (31.14%, 27.74%, and 7.78%). Furthermore, the level of anxiety was different in terms of sex, age, and type of medical personnel, while there was no difference in the length of time of work. The results of the correlation analysis showed that anxiety was correlated with task performance and contextual performance, but there was no correlation with the counter-productive work behavior. There is a crucial need for psychological assistance to medical personnel in orders to reduce their anxiety as well as improve their performance.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 207-214
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Information security threats encountered by Malaysian public sector data centers

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1820-1829
Inthrani Shammugam , Ganthan Narayana Samy , Pritheega Magalingam , Nurazean Maarop , Sundresan Perumal , Bharanidharan Shanmugam
Data centers are primarily the main targets of cybercriminals and security threats as they host various critical information and communication technology (ICT) services. Identifying the threats and managing the risks associated with data centers have become a major challenge as this will enable organizations to optimize their resources to focus on the most hazardous threats to prevent the potential risks and damages. The objective of this paper is to identify major ICT security threats to data centers in the Malaysian public sector and their causes. The data for this study was collected through interview sessions. A total of 33 respondents from various government organizations were interviewed. The results revealed that the technical threats, spyware, phishing, bluesnarfing threats, social engineering and virus, trojan, malware, ransomware, viral websites threats are the major categories of threats often encountered by the malaysian public sector organizations. The causes for these threats are lack of budget, competent personnel, and manpower for security tasks, user awareness; lack of compliances and monitoring; insufficient security policies and procedures as well as deliberate cyber attacks. The outcome of this study will give a greater degree of awareness and understanding to the ICT security officers, who are entrusted with data center security.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1820-1829
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Toward a deep learning-based intrusion detection system for IoT against botnet attacks

10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp110-120
Idriss Idrissi , Mohammed Boukabous , Mostafa Azizi , Omar Moussaoui , Hakim El Fadili
The massive network traffic data between connected devices in the internet of things have taken a big challenge to many traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) to find probable security breaches. However, security attacks lean towards unpredictability. There are numerous difficulties to build up adaptable and powerful IDS for IoT in order to avoid false alerts and ensure a high recognition precision against attacks, especially with the rising of Botnet attacks. These attacks can even make harmless devices becoming zombies that send malicious traffic and disturb the network. In this paper, we propose a new IDS solution, baptized BotIDS, based on deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN). The main interest of this work is to design, implement and test our IDS against some well-known Botnet attacks using a specific Bot-IoT dataset. Compared to other deep learning techniques, such as simple RNN, LSTM and GRU, the obtained results of our BotIDS are promising with 99.94% in validation accuracy, 0.58% in validation loss, and the prediction execution time is less than 0.34 ms.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 110-120
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Mattering and life satisfaction among the quarantined adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20684
Kususanto Ditto Prihadi , Edward S.Z. Lim , EeVonne Sim , Kam Yan Chong
This study aims to investigate the role of mattering, trait extraversion and perceived social inclusion in developing the sense of life satisfaction among adults who reside in Malaysia during the quarantine period amidst the Pandemic in March-June 2020. Previous studies indicated that mattering was a robust predictor of life satisfaction; however, the nature of the quarantine might have affected the perception of social inclusion among individuals with certain levels of extraversions. Therefore, we hypothesized a moderated mediation model; mattering will interact with trait extraversion in predicting life satisfaction, and the prediction is mediated by perceived inclusion. Three hundred and ninety participants were voluntarily recruited to respond to scales such as Life Satisfaction Inventory, State Self-Esteem Scale, General Mattering Scale and the extraversion facet in Big Five Inventory. The scales, demography questions, and informed consent were accessible by online link given to the participants through social media. The analysis was conducted by using PROCESS Macro model eight for statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) applying the Bootstrap analysis with 5000 samples and 95% confidence interval. The result suggested that the hypothesis was confirmed; perceived inclusion levels significantly mediated the association between mattering and life satisfaction among individuals with low and moderate levels of extraversion. However, full mediation only applied among the individuals with moderate extraversion, because among those with low extraversion, mattering was still a significant predictor of life satisfaction.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 189-193
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Subjective well-being: Mental health study among student in the Islamic boarding school

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20610
Lharasati Dewi , Fatwa Tentama , Ahmad Muhammad Diponegoro
The purpose of this study was to analyze the model of the influence of family social support, gratitude, and self-acceptance on subjective well-being in student in Islamic boarding schools. The population in this study was all student of class VII in boarding school X and boarding school Y in Yogyakarta, with a total of 430 students. The sample in this study was 150 students. The sampling technique used for this study was cluster random sampling. The data were collected by using several instruments in the form of scales. The scales consisted of family social support scale, gratitude scale, self-acceptance scale, and subjective well-being scale. Data analysis was performed by testing the outer model and the inner model. The data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM) through the Smart Partial Least Square 3.2.8 program. The results of this study suggested that the formation of a model of the influence of family social support, gratitude, and self-acceptance on subjective well-being fits with empirical data obtained. In other words, there was a significant positive correlation between all variables being studied and subjective well-being. The theoretical model formed in this study was considered fit, so it can be used as a valid model reference in investigating adolescents' subjective well-being.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 146-158
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Combating the hate speech in Thai textual memes

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1493-1502
Lawankorn Mookdarsanit , Pakpoom Mookdarsanit
Thai textual memes have been popular in social media, as a form of image information summarization. Unfortunately, many memes contain some hateful content that easily causes the controversy in Thailand. For global protection, the Hateful Memes Challenge is also provided by Facebook AI to enable researchers to compete their algorithms for combating the hate speech on memes as one of NeurIPS’20 competitions. As well as in Thailand, this paper introduces the Thai textual meme detection as a new research problem in Thai natural language processing (Thai-NLP) that is the settlement of transmission linkage between scene text localization, Thai optical recognition (Thai-OCR) and language understanding. From the results, both regular and irregular text position can be localized by one-stage detection pipeline. More scene text can be augmented by different resolution and rotation. The accuracy of Thai-OCR using convolutional neural network (CNN) can be improved by recurrent neural network (RNN). Since misspelling Thai words are frequently used in social, this paper categorizes them as synonyms to train on multi-task pre-trained language model. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1493-1502
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health and safety implementation in Indonesia and risk of COVID-19

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20634
Adithya Sudiarno , Sri Indriyani Diartiwi , Ratna Sari Dewi , M. Rizqi Zulqornain , Maria Susanti , Edwin Hermawan , Dedy Dedy , Syamsul Arifin , Reni Wulansari , Reza Aulia Akbar , Muhammad Hendrawan Hidayat , Rico Feryanto
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the socio-economic sectors since the end of 2019. Indonesian’s Government issued the large-scale social restrictions policy to limit the industrial activities. This study aimed to investigate the difference of the health, safety, and environment (HSE) implementations among Indonesian companies, before and during the disruption risk of COVID-19 pandemic according to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). It used a random sampling, involved 1,027 workers from various sectors of Indonesian companies. Hypothesis tests used are ANOVA and t-test method. The level of HSE compliance changed quite significantly when the COVID-19 outbreak emerged. The results explained, there is no significant difference in HSE compliance based on company location, company risk level, and position of a respondent in the company. However, there is a significant difference between companies that have a HSE division and a HSE Management System certificate with the company who did not have any. The recommendations of HSE improvement formulated using a Safety Model Canvas and a Focus Group Discussion conducted to convey the jazz scenario in the next normal. This study suggests the priority order for HSE improvement strategy in a company is commitment, responsibility, engagement and involvement, leadership, competence, information and communication, to organizational learning.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 68-76
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Gender difference in betel quid consumption levels and tobacco use among adults in Myanmar

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20601
Yin Min Aye , Seo Ah Hong , Bang-On Thepthien , Sariyamon Tiraphat
Several small scaled studies in Myanmar investigated determinants of betel quid chewing status but to better understand more complete profiles of betel quid chewing habits, this study investigated the associations of betel quid consumption levels with tobacco and sociodemographic factors using a nationally representative sample in Myanmar. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted by using Myanmar demographic and health survey (MDHS) (2015-2016). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed with p-value<0.05 as significance. Men averagely chewed 5.59 (SD=8.229) pieces per day while women chewed 1.25 (SD=3.584) pieces. The prevalence of chewing daily pieces 1-2, 3-5 and 6+ were 7.9%, 17.1% and 34.2% for men and 6.1%, 8% and 7.1 %, respectively, for women. In multivariate analysis, low education, low family wealth, married, and urban were more likely to chew 6+ pieces per day relevant to no consumption in both genders, while a positive association with age was observed only in women. Tobacco use was associated with low consumption level (1-2 pieces), relative to no consumption in both genders. Therefore, this study underlined the need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with betel quid chewing and tobacco use among socially disadvantaged populations and urban residents.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 159-168
Publish at: 2021-03-01
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