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Combating the hate speech in Thai textual memes

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1493-1502
Lawankorn Mookdarsanit , Pakpoom Mookdarsanit
Thai textual memes have been popular in social media, as a form of image information summarization. Unfortunately, many memes contain some hateful content that easily causes the controversy in Thailand. For global protection, the Hateful Memes Challenge is also provided by Facebook AI to enable researchers to compete their algorithms for combating the hate speech on memes as one of NeurIPS’20 competitions. As well as in Thailand, this paper introduces the Thai textual meme detection as a new research problem in Thai natural language processing (Thai-NLP) that is the settlement of transmission linkage between scene text localization, Thai optical recognition (Thai-OCR) and language understanding. From the results, both regular and irregular text position can be localized by one-stage detection pipeline. More scene text can be augmented by different resolution and rotation. The accuracy of Thai-OCR using convolutional neural network (CNN) can be improved by recurrent neural network (RNN). Since misspelling Thai words are frequently used in social, this paper categorizes them as synonyms to train on multi-task pre-trained language model. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1493-1502
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health and safety implementation in Indonesia and risk of COVID-19

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20634
Adithya Sudiarno , Sri Indriyani Diartiwi , Ratna Sari Dewi , M. Rizqi Zulqornain , Maria Susanti , Edwin Hermawan , Dedy Dedy , Syamsul Arifin , Reni Wulansari , Reza Aulia Akbar , Muhammad Hendrawan Hidayat , Rico Feryanto
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the socio-economic sectors since the end of 2019. Indonesian’s Government issued the large-scale social restrictions policy to limit the industrial activities. This study aimed to investigate the difference of the health, safety, and environment (HSE) implementations among Indonesian companies, before and during the disruption risk of COVID-19 pandemic according to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). It used a random sampling, involved 1,027 workers from various sectors of Indonesian companies. Hypothesis tests used are ANOVA and t-test method. The level of HSE compliance changed quite significantly when the COVID-19 outbreak emerged. The results explained, there is no significant difference in HSE compliance based on company location, company risk level, and position of a respondent in the company. However, there is a significant difference between companies that have a HSE division and a HSE Management System certificate with the company who did not have any. The recommendations of HSE improvement formulated using a Safety Model Canvas and a Focus Group Discussion conducted to convey the jazz scenario in the next normal. This study suggests the priority order for HSE improvement strategy in a company is commitment, responsibility, engagement and involvement, leadership, competence, information and communication, to organizational learning.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 68-76
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Gender difference in betel quid consumption levels and tobacco use among adults in Myanmar

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20601
Yin Min Aye , Seo Ah Hong , Bang-On Thepthien , Sariyamon Tiraphat
Several small scaled studies in Myanmar investigated determinants of betel quid chewing status but to better understand more complete profiles of betel quid chewing habits, this study investigated the associations of betel quid consumption levels with tobacco and sociodemographic factors using a nationally representative sample in Myanmar. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted by using Myanmar demographic and health survey (MDHS) (2015-2016). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed with p-value<0.05 as significance. Men averagely chewed 5.59 (SD=8.229) pieces per day while women chewed 1.25 (SD=3.584) pieces. The prevalence of chewing daily pieces 1-2, 3-5 and 6+ were 7.9%, 17.1% and 34.2% for men and 6.1%, 8% and 7.1 %, respectively, for women. In multivariate analysis, low education, low family wealth, married, and urban were more likely to chew 6+ pieces per day relevant to no consumption in both genders, while a positive association with age was observed only in women. Tobacco use was associated with low consumption level (1-2 pieces), relative to no consumption in both genders. Therefore, this study underlined the need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with betel quid chewing and tobacco use among socially disadvantaged populations and urban residents.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 159-168
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Mental stress post-COVID-19

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20497
Zafir Khan Mohamed Makhbul , Zainab Rawshdeh
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is plaguing the world today surely carves a dark, unforgettable history. It has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This shows that it has spread worldwide, transcending every border, and then finally penetrating every corner of the world. Despite its small size (measured in nanometer), its influence is great enough in triggering stress. As various countries declare a state of Emergency, restricted movement order and lockdown, varying reactions like sorrow, anxiety, misperception and fear have been ignited in the society. All of these have cumulatively caused stress among them. This current review paper summarizes and discusses the published literature addressing mental health concerns linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies show that excessive stress causes the failure in the individual’s mental and physical systems. The issue here is how the situation at the workplace, post-COVID-19 is different from the previous situation. Thus, the psychological preparation of every member in the organization is crucial to face the challenges coming their way. The available literature showed consensus that the COVID-19 pandemic not only affects physical health, but also stress and well-being. In conclusion, emotional well-being must be emphasized through training and human resource development strategy to prepare and empower the mentality of the organizational members to address this stress.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 194-201
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health education on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention among tuberculosis patients

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20423
Hema Malini , Emil Huriani , Devia Putri Lenggogeni , Shinta Herlina
The high incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the community due to the lack of socialization or the provision of health education about MDR-TB. During this time, health education is only focused on tuberculosis (TB) generally. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on the behavior of MDR-TB prevention in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in two Community Health Centers in Padang. This study design is quasi-experimental with pre and post-test groups only. The program intervention of health education was conducted for a month with lecture method and group discussion using flipchart and video as media. The sampling technique used purposive sampling were 29 patients with TB who are still in the phase of treatment. Data collection used a set of questionnaires. The data analysis in this study using statistical tests t-test. The results showed, there is a significance influence of health education on knowledge with p-value=0.000 (p≤0.05) and attitude with p-value=0.000 (p≤0.05). The result also showed that 65.5% of patients taking medication regularly. It was also that there is the effect of health education on the behavior of MDR-TB prevention in TB patients. It is expected that the providing of health education on the prevention of behavior on MDR-TB is emphasized on the motivation and self-efficacy of the patients and involvement of supervision on taking medication.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 27-32
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Subjective well-being among women with disabilities

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20616
Fatwa Tentama , Nina Zulida Situmorang , Muthmainah Muthmainah
Women with disabilities are individuals who have double vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are arguably resulting from their condition as disabled persons and their status as a woman. Both women with innate disabilities factors and accident factors have a similarly negative view of their condition. This study aimed to describe subjective well-being in women with disabilities. The research method used was qualitative phenomenology. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews. This study included six women with disabilities (visually impaired), aged between 20 to 30 years who lived in Yogyakarta and status as a graduate student. The data from interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. The results showed that subjective well-being in women with disabilities was influenced by cognitive component (life satisfaction), which was indicated by self-acceptance, positive social relations, and perceived gratitude. Besides, the affective component also played a role. This component included positive affect, which was indicated by a sense of attention that the participant received, a feeling of excitement, pleasure, and a feeling of pride. Negative affect was indicated by feelings of sadness because of past negative relationships and feelings of disappointment.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 136-145
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Factors affect the vasectomy uptake of married couples in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20613
Dian Kristiani Irawaty , Yudi Rafani
Vasectomy is a highly effective male contraception. However, the 2007 to 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys reported no vasectomy cases in Bangka Belitung Islands. This study aimed to identify the number and its barriers to low vasectomy use in the Bangka Belitung Islands. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used in this study. This study utilized health clinics’ reports between 2015 and 2018 to identify whether or not vasectomy was executed in Bangka Belitung Islands. In-depth interviews were also carried out for medical practitioners, husbands, and wives to point out other crucial purposes of low vasectomy cases in the area. Vasectomy is regarded as a sexual displeasure contraceptive method. Those husbands had perceptions that vasectomy was similar to castration. They consider it as a sickening procedure. The wives perceived that vasectomy could make their husbands promiscuous. The misconceptions and stigma had been found as barriers for the low practice of vasectomy in the Islands. Reproductive health counseling for both husbands and wives need to be intensified to clarify those misconceptions about vasectomy. Vasectomy-specified campaign messages through various media channels should be conducted for couples in the area.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 48-54
Publish at: 2021-03-01

A new class of self-scaling for quasi-newton method based on the quadratic model

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1830-1836
Basim A. Hassan , Ranen M. Sulaiman
Quasi-Newton method is an efficient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Self-scaling is one of the common approaches in the modification of the quasi-Newton method. A large variety of self-scaling of quasi-Newton methods is very well known. In this paper, based on quadratic function we derive the new self-scaling of quasi-Newton method and study the convergence property. Numerical results on the collection of problems showed the self-scaling of quasi-Newton methods which improves overall numerical performance for BFGS method.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1830-1836
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Psychological impact among health workers in effort to facing the COVID-19 in Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20524
Dede Nasrullah , Muhammad Natsir , Retno Twistiandayani , Lilis Rohayani , Siswanto Siswanto , Ni Made Sumartyawati , Uswatun Hasanah , Ade Herman Surya Direja
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Indonesia has a psychological impact among health workers who are working in hospital and caring for patients with positive COVID-19. This study aimed to examines the psychological impact among health workers in effort to facing the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Indonesia. Snowball sampling technique was employed to gather the sample in the eight islands. The health workers were responded to the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-42) questionnaire, with the total of 644 respondents. The results of this study showed that about 65.8% of respondents experienced anxiety due to COVID-19 outbreak, There were 3.3% experienced extremely severe anxiety and 33.1% experienced mild anxiety. Whereas those experienced stress due to COVID-19 outbreak were 55%, extremely severe stress levels were 0.8% and mild stress were 34.5%. Health workers who experienced depression were 23.5%. There were 0.5% with very severe depression and mild depression was 11.2%. There is a closed correlation between anxiety (r=0.152 p=0.000), stress (r=0.086 p=0.029), and depression (r=0.111 p=0.005), to the worried of being alienated if infected coronavirus (COVID-19). The Indonesian government has to handle the anxiety, stress and depression that occurs in health workers in particular and can provide protection to medical personnel so that they do not feel alienated by those around them.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 181-188
Publish at: 2021-03-01

A new modification of the quasi-newton method for unconstrained optimization

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1683-1691
Hamsa Th. Saeed Chilmeran , Huda I. Ahmed , Eman T. Hamed , Abbas Y. Al-Bayati
In this work we propose and analyze a hybrid conjugate gradient (CG) method in which the parameter is computed as a linear combination between Hager-Zhang [HZ] and Dai-Liao [DL] parameters. We use this proposed method to modify BFGS method and to prove the positive definiteness and QN-conditions of the matrix. Theoretical trils confirm that the new search directions aredescent directions under some conditions, as well as, the new search directions areglobally convergent using strong Wolfe conditions. The numerical experiments show that the proposed method is promising and outperforms alternative similar CG-methods using Dolan-Mor'e performance profile. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1683-1691
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Wireless electric energy transmission system and its recording system using PZEM004T and NRF24L01 module

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1372-1380
Markus Dwiyanto Tobi , Vina N. Van Harling
Electrical energy can not be separated from the name kWh Meter, a tool used to measure and record the amount of electrical energy usage has a shortage of kWh meters can not be monitored remotely how much energy is used, so it is rather inconvenient for PLN officials to check the use of electricity for postpaid customers. This research was conducted to design a prototype of a wireless electrical energy transmission system and design a wireless electrical energy recording system using the NRF24L01 wireless transmitter module and the PZEM004T kWh meter module. The design in this study uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy at close range, while to transmit data, the authors use the NRF24L01 module. Besides, the authors use the PZEM004T module to measure various magnitudes. Based on the results of observations and measurements of the design of the tool, the authors found that the transmission of electrical energy using electromagnetic induction is not effective for longer distances because the energy lost in the air is getting bigger. So this technology needs to be further investigated. Besides, the measurement of electrical quantities using the PZEM module has a small difference (under 2%) with measurements using a multimeter, so it can be said that the measurement with the PZEM004T module is effective. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1372-1380
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Efficacy of working from home among urban professionals in Malaysia during the pandemic: The robust predictive role of mattering

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20736
Kususanto Ditto Prihadi , Edward S.Z. Lim , Kwok Chee Chan , Shirlyn M. H. Lee , Aniq Ridwan
Past studies suggested that the sense of mattering tend to be a robust predictor of work self-efficacy, even when controlling for strong variables such as state self-esteem. This current study aimed to investigate whether the aforementioned suggested still holds among working adults who had to work from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, where the government enforced movement control order (MCO), a semi-quarantine policy where individuals can only travel within 10 kilometer radius of their respective homes. We hypothesized that the state self-esteem will fully mediate the link between mattering and work self-efficacy during the period of WFH, and that trait extraversion will moderate the mediation. In the 5th week of the MCO, our data was gathered from 109 urban working adults in Malaysia who had to WFH by employing General Mattering Scale, State Self-Esteem Scale, Remote Work Self Efficacy Measure, and the extraversion facet in Big Five Inventory. The result of bootstrap analyses with 5000 samples using PROCESS Macro Model 8 suggested that state self-esteem mediated partially mediated the association of mattering and work self-efficacy among individuals at all levels of extraversion. Discussion, limitations and suggestions are provided in the end of the paper.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 215-220
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Expectation of administering the first aid for traumatic victims during the absence of pre-hospital service

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20568
Fitri Anita , Tita Hariyanti , Tony Suharsono
Traffic incidents become typical cases of trauma outside of hospitals. The integrated-emergency nursing system outside of hospitals becomes an important component to minimize any worsening condition of the traumatic victims. However, this pre-hospitalized service system has not been formally established in several cities or municipalities. This research aims to explore various hopes of the trauma-victim aid process in a region that has not applied pre-hospitalized emergency service formally. This research was carried out by implementing a qualitative research method and a case study approach to identify the themes. The research was conducted in Konawe municipality, from February until March 2020. It was done by interviewing eight participants consisting of the citizens, traffic police officers, hospital party, and health agency. Four themes result from this research. Establishing the pre-hospitalized emergency service, socializing the first aid for the incident victims, training dealing with the first aid of taking care of trauma victims, and promoting socialization for all citizens about the emergency numbers of health service institutions which could be immediately contacted when an accident occurs. There is a need for an emergency service system establishment and development.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 41-47
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometry features among seemingly healthy young adults

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20554
Viskasari P. Kalanjati , Rury T. Oktariza , Bambang E. Suwito , Krisnawan A. Pradana , Dzanuar Rahmawan , Abdurachman Abdurachman
We explored association between the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and uric acid (UA) to the middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) amongst seemingly healthy university students in Kediri, Indonesia aged 17-23 years (n=150); no history of major previous diseases were found (i.e. metabolic syndrome). TC and UA measured from the capillary blood; standardised anthropometry measurements were done by trained medical doctors. Correlation, linear regression, independent t-test or Mann-Whitney analysis were performed with the level of significance of p<0.05. We found higher TC (p=0.053), UA (p<0.001), MUAC (p=0.009), HC (p=0.865) and WC (p=0.001) among males than among females. TC was significantly correlated to the UA with prevalence of hypercholesterolemia of 46.7% and hyperuricemia of 30% of all participants. All anthropometry was significantly correlated to the TC and UA among males (p<0.001); TC and UA were strongly corresponded to all anthropometry parameters among males. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperuricemia could be found amongst the seemingly healthy young adults in Indonesia; among males these are strongly correlated to the higher MUAC, WC and HC. Daily physical activity and proper healthy diet might help to decrease these cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 77-82
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Secure and smart system for monitoring patients with critical cases

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1800-1807
Hanan Abed Alwally Abed Allah , Rawsam Abduladheem Hasan
Recently, heat-related diseases like COVID19, Chickenpox, Typhoid, and others are increasing significantly; therefore, the need for portable devices to measures the heat of the human body accurately, quickly, easily with low cost has become very necessary to preserve the life of patients. For this reason, a smart system has been developed to monitor the patient's heat, in addition to temperature and humidity of the critical environment such as surgical operating rooms, patients’ isolation rooms and pharmacies, because it can help propagate infectious agents like viruses and bacteria. The proposed system divided into four parts: transmitted part (arduino, heat sensor, and hygrometer sensor), alarm part consists of lights and alarm bell, emergency part (doctors and nurses), and the medical application has been used as the last part. The application can be used only by authorized persons and through the accounts which are granted to them, in order to protect the data from sabotage and maintain the privacy and confidentiality of it.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1800-1807
Publish at: 2021-03-01
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