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29,922 Article Results

Sensor/actuator fault tolerant sliding mode control for anti-lock braking in a quarter electric vehicle

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1220-1229
Bambang L. Widjiantoro , Katherin Indriawati
This paper proposes a scheme to improve regenerative ABS technology that already exists today by adding accommodation faults to the control system. The nominal control algorithm used is a sliding mode control so that system nonlinearities can be handled properly. The proposed method then is called sensor/actuator fault tolerant sliding mode control system. In designing the proposed control, there are two stages, namely estimation of faults, as well as the active mechanism for reconfiguring controls. Estimation of faults is done by using proportional-integral (PI) observers based on extended state space equation. Whereas the control signal reconfiguration is done actively by replacing measured output with their estimates and compensating for control signal using the actuator fault estimate. The simulation shows that the control system based on the proposed algorithm produces better dynamic performance than the sliding mode control (SMC) without fault tolerant feature. Furthermore, the system provides inherent characteristic for dealing with a minor fault in the hydraulic actuator.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1220-1229
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Intelligent cluster connectionist recommender system using implicit graph friendship algorithm for social networks

10.11591/ijai.v9.i3.pp497-506
Arnold Adimabua Ojugo , Debby Oghenevwede Otakore
Implicit clusters are formed as a result of the many interactions between users and their contacts. Online social platforms today provide special link-types that allows effective communication. Thus, many users can hardly categorize their contacts into groups such as “family”, “friends” etc. However, such contact clusters are easily represented via implicit graphs. This has arisen the need to analyze users’ implicit social graph and enable the automatic add/delete of contacts from/to a group via a suggestion algorithm – making the group creation process dynamic (instead of static, where users are manually added or removed). The study implements the friend suggest algorithm, which analyzes a user’s implicit social graph to create custom contact group using an interaction-based metric to estimate a user’s affinity to his contacts and groups. The algorithm starts with a small seed set of contacts – already categorized by a user as friends/groups; And, then suggest other contacts to be added to a group. The result inherent demonstrates the importance of both the implicit group relationships and the interaction-based affinity in suggesting friends.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 497-506
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Reduction of single DC bus capacitance in photovoltaic cascaded multilevel converter

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1660-1674
Turki Kahawish Hassan
This paper presented single DC bus single phase seven level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter for multi-panel photovoltaic grid-connected applications. A single DC bus supplying flyback converters to produce DC link voltages for CHB cells is suggested. A balanced operation of CHB inverter cells is obtained irrespective to power unbalance occurred by individual maximum power point tracking boost converter of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to the non-uniform irradiation and partial shading. A DC bus voltage control system with addition of estimated DC bus ripple voltage to the reference is proposed to eliminate the second order harmonic contained in the feedback voltage of DC bus enabling to design high bandwidth of DC voltage control loop. This produces fast dynamic response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and smaller DC bus capacitance. Mathematical modeling of bus voltage control system is presented. PSIM simulation program is used and the simulation results are obtained to validate the proposed control system.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1660-1674
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Wireless power transfer system design for electric vehicle dynamic charging application

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1468-1480
Nguyen Thi Diep , Nguyen Kien Trung , Tran Trong Minh
This paper proposes and demonstrates a wireless power transfer system design for electric vehicle dynamic charging applications. The dynamic wireless charging (DWC) lane is designed for modularly. Each module has three shorttrack transmitter coils that are placed closely together and connected to a single inverter to reduce the number of inverters. The magnetic coupler design is analyzed and optimized by finite element analysis (FEA) to reduce the output power variation during dynamic charging. The LCC compensation circuit is designed according to the optimal load value to obtain maximum efficiency. The SIC devices are used to improve the efficiency of the high-frequency resonant inverter. A 1.5 kW dynamic charging system prototype is constructed. Experimental results show that the output power variation of 9.5% and the average efficiency of 89.5% are obtained in the moving condition.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1468-1480
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Effect analysis of residual magnetism availability level on the success of voltage generation processes in self-excited induction generators

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1211-1219
Refdinal Nazir , Syafii Syafii , Andi Pawawoi , Fajril Akbar , Yudi Arfan
The voltage generation process is a very crucial initial stage for the successful operation of the self-excited induction generator (SEIG). The availability of residual magnetism and the adequacy of excitation capacitor value are factors that determine the success of the voltage generation process on the SEIG. This paper analyzes the effect of the availability of residual magnetism on the rotor's magnetic core. With a simple approach, the terminal voltage on the SEIG can be solved through the intersection between the magnetization curve (Xm) and the excitation curve (Xce). The shape and equation of the magnetization curve will be affected by the availability of residual magnetism. The change in residual magnetism availability will cause a change in the intersection point between the magnetization curve (Xm) and the excitation curve (Xce), which will determine the value of voltage generated by the generator. In this study, Newton Rhapson's method with numerical iteration approach has been used to analyze the effect of changes in the availability of residual magnetism on the success of voltage generation on the SEIG. The analysis results have been shown that the availability of residual magnetism with residual voltage values below 1.04 Volt will cause the failure of the SEIG to generate the terminal voltage at its nominal value. Meanwhile, the availability of residual magnetism in SEIG with residual voltage values above 1.04 Volt, will succeed in generating terminal voltage at its nominal value. For SEIG used as the object of this study, the value of Eres = 1.04 Volt is a critical value of the availability of residual magnetism.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1211-1219
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Home appliances recommendation system based on weather information using combined modified k-means and elbow algorithms

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1635-1642
Basim Amer Jaafar , Methaq Talib Gaata , Mahdi Nsaif Jasim
The recommendation system is an intelligent system gives recommendations to users to discover the best interesting items. The purpose of this proposed recommendation system is to develop a system to find the best electrical devices according to weather conditions and user preferences. The proposed solution relies on the characteristics of electrical appliances and their suitability to weather conditions in any city. The proposed solution is the first recommendation system combines devices properties, weather conditions, and user preferences using a new combination of algorithms. The clustering algorithms are the most applicable in the field of recommendation system. The proposed solution relies on a combination of Elbow method, pro­­posed modified K-means and Silhouette algorithm to find the best number of clusters before starting the clustering process. Then calculate the weights for each cluster and compare them with the weather weights to find the required clusters sorted from the near to far according to a computed threshold. The empirical results showed that the proposed solution demonstrated a 94% accuracy to match the characteristics of the recommended devices with the climatic characteristics of the region and user preferences. The accuracy is measured using Silhouette algorithm.
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1635-1642
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Design and implementation of an optimized multilevel power inverter structure based on C MEX and PSPICE

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1388-1397
Mohammed Setti , Mohamed Cherkaoui
In this paper, both symmetric and asymmetric operations for an optimized cascaded multilevel power inverter (MLI) are thoroughly examined. While symmetric configurations are more suitable for AC drives due to their equal power sharing among the various levels, the asymmetric topologies fulfill the higher number of power source combinations under the same power semiconductor switch count. Additionally, particular attention was put on the design of this optimized topology in terms of both reliability and power efficiency by managing redundant states and minimizing the number of power switch commutations. Furthermore, a fundamental switching frequency modulation (FSFM) is thoroughly described in C MEX programming language and then the resulting gating signals are fed into the power circuit designed with PSPICE. By applying this co-simulation approach, the control design task is greatly simplified while achieving advanced analyses with more realistic electronic devices.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1388-1397
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Induction motor rotor bars type effects towards energy efficiency, economic and environment

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1188-1196
Yanawati Yahya , Mohd Khairil Rahmat
Nowadays, the rotating motor is the most demoralized machine for the global Motor industry. Comfort of practice, start-up, small, weightiness, Increased efficiency, low maintenance and inexpensive for each power rating that generally meets the necessary features for industries. Efficient improvements are inspected with copper for the rotor bars slot. Usually, the copper loss in the induction motor Rotor division contributes to the loss of energy. The research work was planned a new rotor design, by improved rotor bars type slot, size and design. These tasks were inspected using two approaches, in particular, MotorSolve (IM) and calculations in theory. One set of simulation has shown a significant increase in energy efficiency for a new rotor frame design. Calculations in theory are used MATLAB. As a result, these new designs have improved energy efficiency by 77% as compared to its 74% existing design. The results proved to be using MATLAB. For energy, cost savings and emission reduction (ER), new design rotor frame has been saved 154KWH/year, utility bill RM 60.20/Year and 0.113 CO2 tons/years intended for individually motor. Finally, the estimated cost aimed at 100,000 pieces of new rotor bars pattern induction motor and indicates this price was kept almost RM6 million.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1188-1196
Publish at: 2020-09-01

The enhancement of power quality for the distribution system via dynamic voltage restorer

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1588-1595
Ali Basim Mohammed , Mohd Aifaa Mohd Ariff
This paper represents a new configuration of the dynamic voltage restorer consists of approximate classical sliding mode differentiator (ACSMD) with the terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) as the nonlinear sliding variable. In this study, the proposed structure of the DVR is utilized to maintain the magnitude of the load voltage at a constant value, maintain the system total harmonic distortion (THD), boost the robustness property and minimize the steady-state error. The power quality has received more interest due to the implementation of various industrial devices and critical loads at the distribution side. Nowadays, the main challenges in power quality in the system are voltage sags/swells, harmonics and voltage imbalance. Various devices are utilized to address these challenges. The dynamic voltage restorer is one of these devices. It is connected in series with the distribution system and injects a proper voltage magnitude to maintain the voltage load at the constant value. In this paper, the DVR model with the ASMF and TSMC is implemented in using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed controller is evaluated using the standard voltage sag indices.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1588-1595
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Implementation of SVM for five-level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverters utilizing FPGA

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1132-1144
Maher Abd Ibrahim Al jewari , Auzani Jidin , Siti Azura Ahmad Tarusan , Mohammed Rasheed
The Space Vector Modulation SVM technique has won large acceptance for AC drive applications. However the utilization of multilevel inverters connected with SVM by Digital signal processor (DSP) raise the intricacy of control algorithm or computational load, increases of the obtaining distortions output voltage. The development of SVM in multilevel inverters may offer higher numbers of switching vectors for acquiring further enhancements of output voltage performances and implement by using Field Programmer Gate Array (FPGA), investigate lower Total Hormonic Distortion (THD). This paper reports the performance evaluation of SVM for five-level of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter CHMI using MATLAB/Simulink, which is sampled at the minimum sampling time, i.e. DT = 5 μs. The switching signals for driving insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs) which are stored in MATLAB workspaces, are then used to be programmed in FPGA using a Quartus II software. Which can be stated the lower THD of the simulation result is about 14.48% for five-level CHMI and experiment result is about 14.31% for five-level CHMI at modulation index M_i=0.9. The error percentage between the simulation results and experimental results of the fundamental output voltage in SVM is small which is approximately less than 1 %.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1132-1144
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Theoretical and experimental analysis of photovoltaic module characteristics under different partial shading conditions

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1508-1518
Ali Hussein Numan , Zahraa Salman Dawood , Hashim A. Hussein
Recently, the renewable energy resources have gained more attention in the electricity sector as promising technology to tackle the depletion in the traditional energy resources. Solar energy grows rapidly due to its vast applications. The performance of Photovoltaic (PV) system is affected by partial shading that results from building, clouds, and fallen leaves. This paper investigates theoretically and experimentally the impacts of various cases of partial shading; such as vertical string, horizontal string, and single cell at environmental conditions on the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of 88 W PV panel. In addition, diagonal shading with multi steps is considered in the analysis. The experiments are conducted with considering various parameters; such as shading position and ratio to validate the simulated results. The results show that at 100% shading condition, the maximum power drops by 99.36 %, 43.7%, and 41.15% for horizontal, cellular and vertical shading at the same solar radiation level comparing with their initial state value. Horizontal string shaded has the highest negative impact on the power and efficiency among other types of shadings. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental results reveals considerable agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1508-1518
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Closed loop control of DC-DC converters using PID and FOPID controllers

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1323-1332
Aseem K , Selva Kumar S
Fractional order controllers are nowadays used in various power electronic converters as it is giving superior control performance compared with conventional PID controllers. This paper presents the closed loop control of different DC-DC converters using PID controllers and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers. The closed loop control of the basic converters such as buck, boost, buck-boost converters and dual input single output DC-DC converters were designed, modeled and analyzed using conventional PID controller and FOPID controllers. The performance of the controllers are compared in terms of the different time domain specifications like overshoot, rise time, settling time, etc. and simulated in MATLAB Simulink platform. For all types of the DC-DC converters, FOPID controller gives far better performance compared with conventional PID controllers.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1323-1332
Publish at: 2020-09-01

An automatic multi-axis solar tracking system in Ramadi city: design and implementation

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1126-1234
Mustafa Hamid AL-Jumaili , Hussein M Haglan , Mohammed K Mohammed , Qusay H Eesee
In this paper, a complete design and implementation of an automatic multi-axis solar tracking system has been introduced. The main purpose of this system is to track sun location and gain the maximum energy output of the solar panels. The system is Multi-axis using microcontroller and photocells to control the direction of the penal, whereas the penal is facing the sun at all times of the day. The system is a combination of hardware and software parts that work concurrently to achieve a precise angular Sun tracking. A base, penal frame, super jack motors, high-efficiency solar panel, arduino uno microcontroller, relays, rechargeable battery, light dependent resistor (LDR) have been used for the system’s hardware part. These hardware parts need a high-level programming code, as a software part, to be embedded in the microcontroller to get an effective and precise solar tracking system. The results of the presented system were compared to a fixed direction system. The results show significant efficiency improvement of 24% over the static one. For a city like Ramadi, which has a high irradiance all over the year, it is very fruitful to use such tracking systems along with photovoltaic installation systems. 
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1126-1234
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Electric field bridging pattern of pre-breakdown and breakdown condition in transformer oil

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1210-1218
Nur Badariah Ahmad Mustafa , N H Nik Ali , H. Zainuddin , Marizuana Mat Daud , Farah Hani Nordin
Transformer is considered as one of the most important equipment in electrical power system networks. However, most problems occurred in transformer were related to the defects and weakness of the insulation systems. The oils used in transformer act as coolant and insulation purposes hence maintaining the dielectric strength of the transformer. In this work, electric field bridging pattern is observed from pre-breakdown and breakdown condition. The electric field bridging formation was recorded in the experimental setup and images were captured per frame. 193 images were randomly chosen from the whole video frames where 102 images were the pre-breakdown images and 91 images were the breakdown images. This system comprises of four stages: (i) a preprocessing stage to mark the electrodes tips and background subtraction; (ii) a segmentation stage to extract the electric field bridging formation in region of interest; (iii) a feature extraction stage to extract electric field bridging using feature descriptors, area, minor-axis and major-axis length   (iv) a classification stage to identify the pre-breakdown and breakdown condition. System performance was evaluated using support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) and random forest (RF) and SVM provided the most promising accuracy that was 99%. The results show that the combination of three feature descriptors, area, minor-axis and major-axis length are the best features combination in identifying the transformer oil condition. In future work, further studies will be conducted to investigate the pattern of pre- and post-breakdown due to some similarity found in image pattern. Due to that, more feature descriptors will be identified to find a unique pattern between pre- and post-breakdown condition
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1218
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Modeling, simulation and control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind energy conversion systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1197-1210
Boumerid Bensahila Med El Amine , Allali Ahmed , Merabet Boulouiha Houari , Denai Mouloud
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 1197-1210
Publish at: 2020-09-01
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