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Machine learning-based energy consumption modeling and comparison of H.264/AVC and google VP8 encoders

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1303-1310
Yousef O. Sharrab , Mohammad Alsmirat , Bilal Hawashin , Nabil Sarhan
Advancement of the prediction models used in a variety of fields is a result of the contribution of machine learning approaches. Utilizing such modeling in feature engineering is exceptionally imperative and required. In this research, we show how to utilize machine learning to save time in research experiments, where we save more than five thousand hours of measuring the energy consumption of encoding recordings. Since measuring the energy consumption has got to be done by humans and since we require more than eleven thousand experiments to cover all the combinations of video sequences, video bit_rate, and video encoding settings, we utilize machine learning to model the energy consumption utilizing linear regression. VP8 codec has been offered by Google as an open video encoder in an effort to replace the popular MPEG-4 Part 10, known as H.264/AVC video encoder standard. This research model energy consumption and describes the major differences between H.264/AVC and VP8 encoders in terms of energy consumption and performance through experiments that are based on machine learning modeling. Twenty-nine raw video sequences are used, offering a wide range of resolutions and contents, with the frame sizes ranging from QCIF(176x144) to 2160p(3840x2160). For fairness in comparison analysis, we use seven settings in VP8 encoder and fifteen types of tuning in H.264/AVC. The settings cover various video qualities. The performance metrics include video qualities, encoding time, and encoding energy consumption.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1303-1310
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Real-time FPGA implementation of concatenated AES and IDEA cryptography system

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp71-82
Sara M. Hassan , Gihan. G. Hamza
The data encryption is one of the most critical issues in the communication system design. Nowadays, many encryption algorithms are being updated to keep pace with the remarkable progress in the communication field. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a common algorithm that has proved its efficacy. The main drawback of AES is that it uses too simple algebraic structures, since every block is always encrypted in the same way that makes the hacking process possible if the hacker captures the key and the uses S-Box in the input stage. This especially applies to the unwired communication systems where chances of hacking exceed those found in the wired systems. The paper proposes a security enhancement method that is based on utilizing concatenated AES and international data encryption algorithm (IDEA) algorithms. Upon applying the proposed algorithm, the hacking process becomes a great challenge. The paper incorporates the real-time FPGA implementation of the proposed algorithm in the encryption and the decryption stages. Besides, the paper presents a clear analysis of the system’s performance.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 71-82
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Help through demonstration and automation for interactive computing systems: A survey of recent works

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1549-1560
Pedro Rodrigues , Jose Luis Silva
Usability is very important however, it is still difficult to develop interactive computing systems that meet all user’s specificities. Help systems should be a way of bridging this gap. This paper presents a general survey on recent works (building upon previous surveys) related to improving applications’ help through demonstration and automation and, identifies which technologies are acting as enablers. The main contributions are, identifying (i) which are the recent existing solutions; (ii) which aspects must be investigated further; and (iii) which are the main difficulties that are preventing a faster progress.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1549-1560
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Comparative analysis on different software piracy prevention techniques

10.11591/ijict.v10i1.pp1-8
Ahmad Mohammad Hassan , Ayuba John
Numerous type of software piracy known today, have several prevention techniques which has been established against them. Although, different software piracy techniques have been established, but the choice of which one should be the best to develop any software is the challenge for most software developers. Consequently, example of the types of piracy in software development can be categorise as follows: cracks and serials, softlifting and hard disk loading, internet piracy and software forging, mischaneling, reverse engineering, and tampering. We have several types of prevention techniques which aimed to resolved piracy in software development, although the methods have been wrecked. In this work a critical analysis has been carryout on different software piracy techniques and a simple model software was designed using the best technique to validate the results of the analysis.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 1-8
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Star-rating evaluation model for rating the energy-efficiency level of android google play apps

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1599-1612
Abdullah Mahmoud Almasri , Luis Borges Gouveia
The tremendous increase in smartphone usage is accompanied by an increase in the need for more energy. This preoperational relationship between modern technology and energy generates energy-greedy apps, and therefore power-hungry end users. With many apps falling under the same category in an app store, these apps usually share similar functionality. Because developers follow different design and development schools, each app has its energy-consumption habits. Since apps share similar features, an end-user with limited access to recharging resources would prefer an energy-friendly app rather than a popular energy-greedy app. However, app stores do not indicate the energy behavior of the apps they offer, which causes users to randomly choose apps without understanding their energy-consumption behavior. A review of the relevant literature was provided covering various energy-saving techniques. The results gave an initial impression about the popularity of the usage of two power-saving modes where the average usage of these modes did not exceed 31% among the total 443 Android users. To address this issue, we propose a star-rating evaluation model (SREM), an approach that generates a tentative energy rating label for each app. The model was tested on 7 open-source apps to act as a primary evaluation sample. To that end, SREM adapts current energy-aware refactoring tools to demonstrate the level of energy consumption of an app and presents it in a star-rating schema similar to the Ecolabels used on electrical home appliances. As per our results, SREM helped in saving 35% of smartphone energy.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1599-1612
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Speed control of an SPMSM using a tracking differentiator-PID controller scheme with a genetic algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1728-1741
Noor Hameed Hadi , Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem
In this paper, a tracking differentiator-proportional integral and derivative (TD-PID) control scheme is proposed to control the speed of a surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). The TD is used to generate the necessary transient profile for both the reference and the output speed, which are compared with each other to produce the error signals that feed into the PID controller. In addition to the TD unit parameters, the PID controller’s parameters are tuned to achieve the optimum new multi-objective performance index, comprised of the integral of the time absolute error (ITAE), the absolute square of the control energy signal (USQR), and the absolute value of the control energy signal (UABS) and utilizing a genetic algorithm (GA). A nonlinear model of the SPMSM is considered in the design and the performance of the proposed TD-PID scheme was validated by comparing its performance with that of a traditional PI controller in a MATLAB environment. Different case studies were tested to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, results including peak overshoot, energy consumption, control signal chatter, and 30% improvement in the OPI, with variable reference speeds, load torque, and parameters uncertainties. Illustrate the proposed scheme's success compared with PI controller.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1728-1741
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Automated handwriting analysis based on pattern recognition: a survey

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp196-206
Samsuryadi Samsuryadi , Rudi Kurniawan , Fatma Susilawati Mohamad
Handwriting analysis has wide scopes include recruitment, medical diagnosis, forensic, psychology, and human-computer interaction. Computerized handwriting analysis makes it easy to recognize human personality and can help graphologists to understand and identify it. The features of handwriting use as input to classify a person’s personality traits. This paper discusses a pattern recognition point of view, in which different stages are described. The stages of study are data collection and pre-processing technique, feature extraction with associated personality characteristics, and the classification model. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a review of the methods and their achievements used in various stages of a pattern recognition system. 
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 196-206
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Cache coherency controller for MESI protocol based on FPGA

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1043-1052
Mays K. Faeq , Safaa S. Omran
In modern techniques of building processors, manufactures using more than one processor in the integrated circuit (chip) and each processor called a core. The new chips of processors called a multi-core processor. This new design makes the processors to work simultanously for more than one job or all the cores working in parallel for the same job. All cores are similar in their design, and each core has its own cache memory, while all cores shares the same main memory. So if one core requestes a block of data from main memory to its cache, there should be a protocol to declare the situation of this block in the main memory and other cores.This is called the cache coherency or cache consistency of multi-core. In this paper a special circuit is designed using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) coding and implemented using ISE Xilinx software. The protocol used in this design is the modified, exclusive, shared and invalid (MESI) protocol. Test results were taken by using test bench, and showed all the states of the protocol are working correctly.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1043-1052
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Ultra-wide band energy harvesting for ultra-low power electronics applications

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1158-1165
Nasr Rashid , Mohamed Shehata
In this work, the feasibility of energy harvesting in the useful UWB band (i.e., 3.1-10.6 GHz) is analytically investigated. A typical UWB communications/EH chain in this band is modeled and analyzed, considering the spectral constraints imposed by the federal communications commission (FCC) to UWB signaling. Based on the developed model, accurate analytical expressions are derived for the average received powers of two common types of impulse radio UWB (IR-UWB) signaling waveforms. Numerical simulations on the system-level show excellent agreement with the obtained analytical expressions. Moreover, the DC power levels expected from spectrally constrained IR-UWB waveforms are extremely low (less than 0.3 microwatt) and, accordingly, provide useful guidelines for the design and development of ULP electronics applications in the sub-microwatt range.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1158-1165
Publish at: 2021-04-01

A 5G mm-wave compact voltage-controlled oscillator in 0.25 µm pHEMT technology

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1036-1042
Abdelhafid Es-saqy , Maryam Abata , Mahmoud Mehdi , Mohammed Fattah , Said Mazer , Moulhime El Bekkali , Catherine Algani
A 5G mm-wave monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented in this paper. It is designed on GaAs substrate and with 0.25 µm-pHEMT technology from UMS foundry and it is based on pHEMT varactors in order to achieve a very small chip size. A 0dBm-output power over the entire tuning range from 27.67 GHz to 28.91 GHz, a phase noise of -96.274 dBc/Hz and -116.24 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 MHz offset frequency from the carrier respectively are obtained on simulation. A power consumption of 111 mW is obtained for a chip size of 0.268 mm2. According to our knowledge, this circuit occupies the smallest surface area compared to pHEMTs oscillators published in the literature.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1036-1042
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Design and implementation of a stability control system for TCP/AQM network

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp129-136
Salam Waley Shneen , Mohammed Qasim Sulttan , Manal Kadhim Oudah
In this work, we used a new approach as active queue management (AQM) to avoid data congestion in TCP/IP networks. The new approach is PSO-PI controller which use the proportional-integral controller as a control unit and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as an optimization technique to improve the performance of the PI controller and therefore improving the performance of TCP/IP networks as a required goal. The optimization control (PSO-PI) is characterized by access to design and choosing the optimal parameters of (K_1 and K_p) to reach optimal solutions in a short way (fewer iterations). The implementation of the PSO algorithm is achieving by using the mathematical system model and M-file and SIMULINK in Mathlab program. Simulation results show good congestion management performance with PSO-PI controller better than the PI controller as AQM in TCP networks, and the proposed method was very fast and required few iterations.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 129-136
Publish at: 2021-04-01

ECG signal denoising using a novel approach of adaptive filters for real-time processing

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1243-1249
Amean Al-Safi
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered as the main signal that can be used to diagnose different kinds of diseases related to human heart. During the recording process, it is usually contaminated with different kinds of noise which includes power-line interference, baseline wandering and muscle contraction. In order to clean the ECG signal, several noise removal techniques have been used such as adaptive filters, empirical mode decomposition, Hilbert-Huang transform, wavelet-based algorithm, discrete wavelet transforms, modulus maxima of wavelet transform, patch based method, and many more. Unfortunately, all the presented methods cannot be used for online processing since it takes long time to clean the ECG signal. The current research presents a unique method for ECG denoising using a novel approach of adaptive filters. The suggested method was tested by using a simulated signal using MATLAB software under different scenarios. Instead of using a reference signal for ECG signal denoising, the presented model uses a unite delay and the primary ECG signal itself. Least mean square (LMS), normalized least mean square (NLMS), and Leaky LMS were used as adaptation algorithms in this paper.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1243-1249
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Diagnosing MERS-CoV using dempster-shafer method

10.11591/ijict.v10i1.pp19-26
Memen Akbar , Fandy Hidayat , Wenda Novayani
MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus) is a respiratory syndrome disease caused by the coronavirus which attacks the respiratory tract from mild to severe. MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia; total cases of MERS-CoV have continued to increase. In Indonesia, the MERS-CoV enters through the pilgrimage of Hajj and Umrah. But not many people know about this disease and its symptoms. For this reason, an expert system was developed to diagnose MERS-CoV using the Dempster-Shafer method. The system can detect the disease from the symptoms inputted by user. The output of the system is the value of the probability of the disease, the level of the disease and the suggested. The levels of the disease are Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 where each has a different treatment based on the level of the disease. The system contains information about MERS-CoV in the form of videos and text. The system was built using the PHP programming language. The testing result shows that all system functionalities have been fulfilled. The expert validation testing had obtained at 76.7%, which prove that the system is good enough in diagnosing MERS-CoV and the results obtained from the questionnaire is at an average of 84.13% which is very good in helping users in diagnosing disease. The expert system that has been developed can help people in diagnosing the disease before consulting with a doctor.MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus) is arespiratory syndrome disease caused by the coronavirus which attacks therespiratory tract from mild to severe. MERS-CoV was first reported in SaudiArabia; total cases of MERS-CoV have continued to increase. In Indonesia,the MERS-CoV enters through the pilgrimage of Hajj and Umrah. But notmany people know about this disease and its symptoms. For this reason, anexpert system was developed to diagnose MERS-CoV using the DempsterShafer method. The system can detect the disease from the symptomsinputted by user. The output of the system is the value of the probability ofthe disease, the level of the disease and the suggested. The levels of thedisease are Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 where each has a different treatmentbased on the level of the disease. The system contains information aboutMERS-CoV in the form of videos and text. The system was built using thePHP programming language. The testing result shows that all systemfunctionalities have been fulfilled. The expert validation testing had obtainedat 76.7%, which prove that the system is good enough in diagnosing MERSCoV and the results obtained from the questionnaire is at an average of84.13% which is very good in helping users in diagnosing disease. Theexpert system that has been developed can help people in diagnosing thedisease before consulting with a doctor. 
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 19-26
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Optimal generation for wind-thermal power plant systems with multiple fuel sources

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1022-1028
Phan Nguyen Vinh , Bach Hoang Dinh , Van-Duc Phan , Hung Duc Nguyen , Thang Trung Nguyen
In this paper, the combined wind and thermal power plant systems are operated optimally to reduce the total fossil fuel cost (TFFC) of all thermal power plants and supply enough power energy to loads. The objective of reducing TFFC is implemented by using antlion algorithm (ALA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). The best method is then determined based on the obtained TFFC from the three methods as dealing with two study cases. Two systems with eleven units including one wind power plant (WPP) and ten thermal power plants are optimally operated. The two systems have the same characteristic of MFSs but the valve loading effects (VLEs) on thermal power plants are only considered in the second system. The comparisons of TFFC from the two systems indicate that CSA is more powerful than ALA and PSO. Furthermore, CSA is also superior to the two methods in terms of faster search process. Consequently, CSA is a powerful method for the problem of optimal generation for wind-thermal power plant systems with consideration of MFSs from thermal power plants.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1022-1028
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Speech emotion recognition based on SVM and KNN classifications fusion

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1259-1264
Mohammed Jawad Al Dujaili , Abbas Ebrahimi-Moghadam , Ahmed Fatlawi
Recognizing the sense of speech is one of the most active research topics in speech processing and in human-computer interaction programs. Despite a wide range of studies in this scope, there is still a long gap among the natural feelings of humans and the perception of the computer. In general, a sensory recognition system from speech can be divided into three main sections: attribute extraction, feature selection, and classification. In this paper, features of fundamental frequency (FEZ) (F0), energy (E), zero-crossing rate (ZCR), fourier parameter (FP), and various combinations of them are extracted from the data vector, Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to reduce the number of features. To evaluate the system performance. The fusion of each emotional state will be performed later using support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), In terms of comparison, similar experiments have been performed on the emotional speech of the German language, English language, and significant results were obtained by these comparisons.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1259-1264
Publish at: 2021-04-01
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