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31,456 Article Results

Performance analysis of real-time PSO tuned PI controller for regulating voltage and frequency in an AC microgrid

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1068-1076
Umbrin Sultana , Sajid Hussain Qazi , Nadia Rasheed , M. W. Mustafa
In this study, a control strategy based on the self-tuning method and synchronous reference frame (SRF) with PI regulator is proposed to achieve optimum quality of power in an autonomous micro grid (MG). The MGS is based on multiple distributed generation (DG) connected with 120 kV power grid. The proposed system is first simulated with fixed gain values for PI controller which are not optimal for sudden changes in the system i.e. transition of MG to islanding mode, load variations. So, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been utilized for tuning of PI controller parameters which ensure flexible performance and superior quality of power. The principal parameters considered in this study are, regulation of voltage and frequency, steady-state and dynamic response and harmonic distortion, mainly when microgrid is islanded. The performance of PI and PI-PSO is compared in this study by simulating AC microgrid in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Summarized results of the system are provided to authenticate viability of proposed arrangement. The proposed controller performs intelligently while regulating voltage and frequency of the MGS and utility system. 
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1068-1076
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Observer-based tracking control for single machine infinite bus system via flatness theory

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1186-1199
Mohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa , Bogdan Marinescu , Florent Xavier
In this research, we aim to use the flatness control theory to develop a useful control scheme for a single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB) system taking into account input magnitude and rate saturation constraints. We adopt a fourth-order nonlinear SMIB model along an exciter and a turbine governor as actuators. According to the flatness-based control strategy, first we show that the adopted nominal SMIB model is a flat system. Then, we develop a full linearizing state feedback as well as an outer integral-type loop to ensure suitable tracking performances for the power and voltage as well as the angular velocity outputs. We assume that only the angular velocity of the generator is available to be measured. So, we provide a linear Luenberger observer to estimate the remaining states of the system. Also, the saturation nonlinearities are transferred to the linear part of the system and they are canceled out using their estimations. The efficiency and usefulness of the proposed observer-controller against faults are illustrated using simulation tests in Eurostag and Matlab. The results show that the clearing critical time of the introduced methodology is larger than the classical control approaches and the proposed observer-based flatness controller exhibits over much less control energy compared to the classic IEEE controllers.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1186-1199
Publish at: 2021-04-01

An ICA-ensemble learning approaches for prediction of RNA-seq malaria vector gene expression data classification

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1561-1569
Micheal Olaolu Arowolo , Marion O. Adebiyi , Ayodele A. Adebiyi , Charity Aremu
Malaria parasites introduce outstanding life-phase variations as they grow across multiple atmospheres of the mosquito vector. There are transcriptomes of several thousand different parasites. (RNA-seq) Ribonucleic acid sequencing is a prevalent gene expression tool leading to better understanding of genetic interrogations. RNA-seq measures transcriptions of expressions of genes. Data from RNA-seq necessitate procedural enhancements in machine learning techniques. Researchers have suggested various approached learning for the study of biological data. This study works on ICA feature extraction algorithm to realize dormant components from a huge dimensional RNA-seq vector dataset, and estimates its classification performance, Ensemble classification algorithm is used in carrying out the experiment. This study is tested on RNA-Seq mosquito anopheles gambiae dataset. The results of the experiment obtained an output metrics with a 93.3% classification accuracy.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1561-1569
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Effects of humidity on sand and dust storm attenuation predictions based on 14 GHz measurement

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i2.18148
Eltahir Idris Eltahir; International Islamic University Malaysia Mohamed , Elfatih A. A.; King Khalid University Elsheikh , A. Awad; Karary University Babiker , Islam Md.; International Islamic University Malaysia Rafiqul , Mohamad Hadi; International Islamic University Malaysia Habaebi , Aisha H.; International Islamic University Malaysia Abdulla , Elessaid; Karary University Saad
Several models were proposed to predict the attenuation of microwave signals due to sand and dust storms. Those models were developed based on theoretical assumptions like Rayleigh approximation, Mie equations or numerical methods. This paper presents a comparison between attenuation predicted by three different theoretical models with measured attenuation at 14 GHz. Dielectric constant of dust particles is one of the important parameter in prediction models. This constant is estimated from measured dust samples and is utilized for predictions. All models are found largely underestimating the measurement. Humidity is also monitored and has been observed higher during dust storm. Hence dielectric constants are re-estimated with relative humidity conditions using available conversion model. The prediction has a great impact of humidity and predicted attenuations are found much higher in humid than dry dust condition. However, all models underestimate the measurement even considering 100% of relative humidity. Hence it is recommended to investigate the models by considering humidity and other environmental factors that change during dust storm.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 364-371
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Power quality considerations for embedded generation integration in Nigeria: A case study of ogba 33 kV injection substation

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp956-965
Agbetuyi Ayoade F. , Abdulkareem Ademola , Orovwode H. E. , Oladipupo Oluwafemi K. , Matthew Simeon , Agbetuyi Oluranti A.
The deregulation of the Nigerian power sector has resulted in the quest to explore power generation options for power quality improvement. One of such options is the pattern shift from central power generation to embedded power generation. Network integration of embedded generators (EGs) causes several regulatory, technical and economic issues. This research focuses on power quality challenges that may arise as a result of network integration of embedded generation in a weak electricity networks using Ogba 33 kV injection substation as case study. The embedded generators considered comprised of gas turbine and diesel generators. NEPLAN software was used to perform the load flow analysis with and without EGs connection on the network. This was necessary so as to ascertain the healthiness of the existing distribution network for EGs integration. The power quality issues considered in the study were bus voltage profiles and the total line losses. Simulation results showed that EGs connection improved the voltage profile, for example, bus voltage at PTC 11 kV, improved from 0.881 pu to 0.958 pu while the total active power loss was reduced by 78.16%. The results obtained suggest that the grid is healthy enough to accommodate the EGs with no quality issues.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 956-965
Publish at: 2021-04-01

A trust-based authentication framework for security of WPAN using network slicing

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1375-1387
Sazia Parvin , Amjad Gawanmeh , Sitalakshmi Venkatraman , Ali Alwadi , Jamal N. Al-Karaki , Paul D. Yoo
New technologies bring along many challenges including security and privacy. Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are characterized by limited energy resources and computing power that calls for lightweight security mechanisms in these networks as a mandatory requirement. In this paper, a lightweight trust-based framework for node authentication in WPAN is proposed. Our main objective is to minimise the effort in distinguishing valid requests of trustworthy nodes from invalid requests of malicious nodes that can result in network compromises. We achieve this through network slicing which divides the network into virtually primary and secondary networks. The proposed framework has three-fold benefits. First, it authenticates nodes’ requests based on a novel method of trust value calculation. Second, the framework maintains energy efficiency while authenticating nodes’ requests to access WPAN resources. Finally, the framework provides a solution for biasing problem that can arise due to unexpected behaviour of malicious users in WPANs. The framework efficacy is illustrated on a case study to shown how it can accurately capture trust relations among nodes while preventing malicious behavior.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1375-1387
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Coyote multi-objective optimization algorithm for optimal location and sizing of renewable distributed generators

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp975-983
E. M. Abdallah , M. I. El Sayed , M. M. Elgazzar , Amal A. Hassan
Research on the integration of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) in radial distribution systems (RDS) is increased to satisfy the growing load demand, reducing power losses, enhancing voltage profile, and voltage stability index (VSI) of distribution network. This paper presents the application of a new algorithm called ‘coyote optimization algorithm (COA)’ to obtain the optimal location and size of RDGs in RDS at different power factors. The objectives are minimization of power losses, enhancement of voltage stability index, and reduction total operation cost. A detailed performance analysis is implemented on IEEE 33 bus and IEEE 69 bus to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results are found to be in a very good agreement.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 975-983
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Generation and collection of data for normal and conflicting flows in software defined network flow table

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp307-314
Mutaz Hamed Hussien Khairi , Sharifah H. S. Ariffin , N. M. Abdul Latiff , Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof
In terms of network simplification and regulation, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new form of infrastructure that offers greater adaptability and flexibility. SDN, however, is an invention that is logically centralized. In addition, the optimization of the control plane and data plane in SDN has become an area deserving of more attention. The flow in OpenFlow has been one of the essential parameters in the SDN standards, in which every individual flow includes packet matching fields, flow priority, separate counters, instructions for packet forwarding, flow timeouts and a cookie. This research work is conducted in order to produce and collect flows from the OpenFlow switch in two scenarios; in normal flows and when conflict policy rules are enforced in the network. In this article, the throughput is required to review and evaluate the conflict impact on two protocols as a performance metric; the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that flows via a forwarded plane. During the simulation of the SDN OpenFlow network, the metrics are tested using MININET. The results demonstrate that the existence of SDN conflict rules allows TCP and UDP to have a significant average change in bandwidth that eventually affects the network and operations performance.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 307-314
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Embedding the three pass protocol messages into transmission control protocol header

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp442-449
Suherman Suherman , Deddy Dikmawanto , Syafruddin Hasan , Marwan Al-Akaidi
Transmission control protocol provides reliable communication between two or more parties. Each transmitted packet is acknowledged to make sure successful deliveries. Transport layer security protocols send security information exchange as TCP loads. As results, the handshaking stage experiences longer delay as TCP acknowledgement process has already been delay prone. Furthermore, the security message transfers may have their own risks as they are not well protected yet. This paper proposes TCP-embedded three pass protocol for dynamic key exchange. The key exchange is embedded into TCP headers so that transmission delay is reduced, and message transfer is secured. The proposed protocol was assessed on self network by using socket programming in lossless environment. The assessments showed that the proposed protocol reduced three-pass protocol message transfer delay up to 25.8% on lossless channel. The assessment on security also showed that TCP-embedded three pass protocol successfully secured each transmitted TCP load using a unique key; that is much securer than the compared method.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 442-449
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Design of wide band slotted microstrip patch antenna with defective ground structure for ku band

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1337-1345
Akhila John Davuluri , P. Siddaiah
This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) in the Ku band for satellite applications. The antenna is small in size with dimensions of about 40 mm×48 mm×1.59 mm and is fed with a coaxial cable of 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 GHz ranging from 12.8 GHz to 15.8 GHz. To realize the characteristics of wideband the techniques of defective ground structure (DGS) and etching slots on the radiating element are adopted. The antenna is modeled on the FR4 substrate. A basic circular patch is selected for the design of a dual-frequency operation and in the next step DGS is introduced into the basic antenna and enhanced bandwidth is achieved at both the frequencies. To attain wider bandwidth two slots are etched on the radiating element of which one is a square ring slot and the second one is a circular ring slot. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a miniaturized design and unique response within the Ku band region which is applicable for wireless UWB applications with VSWR
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1337-1345
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Hybrid energy storage system control analogous to power quality enhancement operation of interlinking converters

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp909-918
Salman Hajiaghasi , Ahmad Salemnia , Mohsen Hamzeh
Increasing nonlinear loads and power electronic converters lead to various power quality issues in microgrids (MGs). The interlinking converters (ILCs) can participate in these systems to harmonic control and power quality enhancement. However, ILC participation deteriorates the dc link voltage, system stability, and storage lifetime due to oscillatory current phenomena. To address these problems, a new control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of the harmonic control operation of ILC. Specifically, battery and super-capacitor (SC) are used as HESSs that provide low and high power frequency load, respectively. The proposed strategy tries to compensate the current oscillation imposed by ILC with fuzzy control of HESS. In this method, a proportional-resonant (PR) controller integrated with harmonic compensator (HC) is employed to control the ILC for power quality enhancement and oscillatory current elimination. The main advantages of the proposed strategy are to reduce DGs power fluctuations, precise DC bus voltage regulation for generation and load disturbances, improved grid power quality under nonlinear load and transition conditions. The performance of the proposed method for isolated and grid-connected modes is verified using simulation studies in the MATLAB software environment.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 909-918
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Clusterization of customer energy usage to detect power shrinkage in an effort to increase the efficiency of electric energy consumption

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp10-17
Yessy Asri , Dwina Kuswardani , Efy Yosrita , Ferdinand Hendrik Wullur
Automatic meter reading (AMR) is a reading system result the measurement of electrical energy consumen, both locally and remotely. The problems faced is the high non-technical shrinkage of AMR customers due to installation, maintenance errors as well as dishonest actions some consumers, this has a major influence on electrical power losses. PT. PLN Disjaya currently faces difficulties having to choose which customers should be checked first, so the field can only find a little damage. The K-means method based on historical electric power usage and determine the most optimal number of groups the davies-bouldin index (DBI) method. Based on the results of testing with 2-6 sets of clusters, the cluster set results are the most optimal is set cluster 4 because it has the smallest DBI value 0.893. The set of 4 clusters has the best performance in data grouping of historical power usage of AMR customers the business class, each centroid of each cluster is used as an attribute and value of the AMR customer power usage business chart. The testing phase is customers who categorized as customers with un-normal usage electricity power. The test is, by determining the distance data testing each centroid in the cluster 4 set.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 10-17
Publish at: 2021-04-01

Illumination-invariant vegetation detection for a vision sensor-based agricultural applications

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1284-1292
Keun Ha Choi , SooHyun Kim
In this paper, we propose a novel method, illumination-invariant vegetation detection (IVD), to improve many aspects of agriculture for vision-based autonomous machines or robots. The proposed method derives new color feature functions from simultaneously modeling the spectral properties of the color camera and scene illumination. An experiment in which an image sample dataset was acquired under nature illumination, including various intensities, weather conditions, shadows and reflections, was performed. The results show that the proposed method (IVD) yields the highest performance with the lowest error and standard deviation and is superior to six typical methods. Our method has multiple strengths, including computational simplicity and uniformly high-accuracy image segmentation.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 1284-1292
Publish at: 2021-04-01

SAR distribution of non-invasive hyperthermia with microstrip applicators on different breast cancer stages

10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp232-240
Wong Vei Ling , Kasumawati Lias , Norlida Buniyamin , Hazrul Mohamed Basri , Mohammad Zulkaranen Ahmad Narihan
This paper presents the microstrip antenna with different applied frequencies used as a non-invasive hyperthermia applicator. This non-invasive hyperthermia applicator is introduced to clarify the sufficient heat distribution on the treated tissue for different breast cancer stages. 57 mammogram breast cancer images from early-stage to stage-3 are analyzed to obtain the required penetration depth and focus position distance. Then, the simulation-based experiment is carried out to observe the heating distribution on different stages of cancer with two different operating frequencies; 915MHz and 2450MHz. Also included in this paper is the prediction on the period for hyperthermia treatment planning execution. Based on the results, various penetration depths are obtained when different operating frequencies are applied. 915MHz antenna showed better results when compared to 2450MHz, where microstrip applicator with 915MHz is able to heat cancer at stage-1, stage-2, and stage-3 with good penetration depth and focus position distance, while 2450MHz only performed well in early-stage cancer. Meanwhile, different stages require various periods of time. From the results, the shortest period for hyperthermia execution simulated in the early-stage and then followed by stage-3, stage-2, and the longest period is in stage-1.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page: 232-240
Publish at: 2021-04-01

A mho type phase comparator relay guideline using phase comparison technique for a power system

10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp929-944
José Antonio González-Cueto , Zaid García Sánchez , Gustavo Crespo Sánchez , Hernan Hernandez , Jorge Iván Silva Ortega , Vicente Leonel Martínez Díaz
This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using a typical electrical power systems analysis software for two cases: when the operation state is close to the static voltage limit and during a dynamic perturbation in the system. The paper evaluates the impedance variations caused by complex voltage values, the mho polarization, and the comparator operating region into the complex plane. In addition, the paper found the information for the dynamic perturbations from the outputs considering a mid-term stability program. The simulation of the mho-phase comparator in the static voltage proximity limit detects unit distance elements with impedance measured close to reach the threshold in the steady-state. Dynamic mho simulations in the complex plane are successfully tested by plotting time phase difference curves on the comparator input signals. Relay programmers can use these curves to analyze other phase comparators applications and the corresponding models in the complex plane.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 929-944
Publish at: 2021-04-01
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