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31,456 Article Results

Prediction of the effects of environmental factors towards COVID-19 outbreak using AI-based models

10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp35-42
Khalid Mahmoud , Hatice Bebiş , A. G. Usman , A. N. Salihu , M. S. Gaya , Umar Farouk Dalhat , R. A. Abdulkadir , M. B. Jibril , S. I. Abba
The need for elucidating the effects of environmental factors in the determination of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is very vital. This study is a methodological study to compare three different test models (1. Artificial neural networks (ANN), 2. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), 3. A linear classical model (MLR)) used to determine the relationship between COVID-19 spread and environmental factors (temperature, humidity and wind). These data were obtained from the studies (Pirouz, Haghshenas, Haghshenas, & Piro, 2020) with confirmed COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, using temperature, humidity and wind as the independent variables. The measured and the predicted results were checked based on three different performance indices; Root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2) and correlation coefficient (R). The results showed that ANFIS and ANN are more promising over the classical MLR models having an average R-values of 0.90 in both calibration and verification stages. The findings indicated that ANFIS outperformed MLR and ANN. In addition, their performance skills boosted up to 25% and 9% respectively based on the determination coefficient for the prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Wuhan city of China. Overall, the results depict the reliability and ability of AI-based models (ANFIS and ANN) for the simulation of COVID-19 using the effects of various environmental variables. 
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 35-42
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Nicotine level associated with decreasing Treg number in smoker healthy volunteers

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20570
Akrom Akrom , Tri Julia Purnamasari , Zaky Nurfaiz , Adnan Adnan , Endang Darmawan , Muhammad Muhlis
The intensity of cigarette exposure is associated with the severity of the inflammatory reaction. Treg cell plays a role in suppressing the inflammatory response. There has been no clear evidence on the relationship between smoker behavior with the nicotine level and Treg number. We will investigate the relationship between smoking behavior with the nicotine level and Treg number. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 106 healthy volunteers in Yogyakarta. We interviewed the subjects and took their blood samples for hemogram, Treg number, nicotine level, and blood chemistry examination. The inclusion criteria were fit, male or female, aged 18 years or older, and willing to volunteer proven by completing and signing the informed consent. We collected the data on smoking habits through interviews guided by a questionnaire. We examined hemogram and blood chemistry using a spectrophotometer, while the levels of nicotine were measured using The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We described the characteristics of the subjects by univariate analysis. The bivariate analysis was to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking length with nicotine level and Treg number. The results show a connection between the range of tobacco and cigarette number with nicotine levels in the blood with a value of r=0.63 in the Pearson correlation test p<0.00. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between behavior smoking with nicotine levels and Treg counts.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 88-96
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Miniaturised tri-band microstrip patch antenna design for radio and millimetre waves of 5G devices

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1594-1601
Dhurgham Abdulridha Jawad Al-Khaffaf , Ihsan A. Alshimaysawe
This research presents an extremely small, cheap and simple structure of multiple bands antenna, where is the proposed design comprise square-slotted a microstrip patch antenna with triple bands of RF and mm-wave for 5G. The conducting material is a perfect electrical conductor on both sides. The antenna is printed on FR-4 lossy with a 3.9 of epsilon. Our tiny antenna has a size of 1.5357 x 1.5357 mm2. First, the design parameters were calculated using formulas and then these were simulated by the CST MWS. The simulation results show the antenna performance at the RF band from 0 to 3.4096 GHz with 3.29 gain, a value of return loss S11 and bandwidth of -13.229644 and 3.4096 GHz. The designed antenna works at the mm-wave band ranges 43.5-64 GHz with 3.49 gain, -42.419084 S11 and 20.252 GHz BW. Our antenna can also operate at the mm-wave from 81-95 GHz with -22.269547 S11, 4.52 gain, and 14.085 GHz BW. The small size and supported bandwidth of the designed antenna is suitable for thin and fast transmission devices.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1594-1601
Publish at: 2021-03-01

The obesity gap: An investigation using the behavioral risk factor surveillance system data for Ohio

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20569
Karen H Larwin , Sherri Harper Woods
This investigation examined potential predictors of obesity and whether an “obesity gap” is present for different demographic groups. The behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) data was used for this investigation. This secondary data set provides self-reported and measured biometric information on residents from each state in the United State of America. Results indicated that different income level is not related to body mass index (BMI). However, BMI was significantly different if the individual had a previous diagnosis of diabetes. BMI was also found to be significantly different for different races, as well as the interaction between race and diabetes are associated with BMI.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 169-174
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Work environment affects patient safety climate in a government hospital

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20629
Dyah Utari , Syahrul Meizar Nasri
The work environment becomes one of the motivations for someone to work. The climate of working environment is very important for a person, especially for medical staffs who actually handle and deal with sick people. Medical officers are required to always be friendly, agile, discipline and polite in front of patients thus the patient feels comfortable and quiet. This study aimed to analysis the relationship between work environment and patients’ safety climate. This study was conducted with questionnaires. Based on the survey results, it was revealed that the hospital environment determines the form of services provided to patients. The working environment has positive relationship to patients’ safety climate. At the hospital, there are latent conditions that may be a risk of accidents that come from heavy work load, management and inadequate supervision, work environment filled with pressure and inadequate communication systems. Work environment contributes greatly because the overall work in providing services to patients requires good teamwork.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 61-67
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Community knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in prevention of COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20664
Kholis Ernawati , Istri Bela Cantika , Riska Rammadita Isaputri , Atika Wahyu Andari , Muhammad Fajar Ramadhan , Shifa Khaunan Nathasia , Rifqatussa’adah Rifqatussa’adah , Hayati Sari Hasibuan , Lina Tri Mugi Astuti , Yunita Ismail
The research objective was to determine the community's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 with a systematic review approach. The research method used the protocol preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The research variables were sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent COVID 19. The search process for articles was accessed on three electronic journal databases. The article inclusion criteria are quantitative research, primary data, and year of publication (January-July 2020), in English, open access; have gone through the peer review stage, and full-text articles. A descriptive analysis was carried out on each research variable. The results showed ten articles that fit the inclusion criteria, consisting of 100% sociodemographic variables, 90% knowledge, 90% attitude, and 80% behavior. The number of articles with significant research results on knowledge variables (covering aspects of disease recognition, modes of transmission, general symptoms, and methods of prevention) was 61.11% of articles. The number of significant articles on attitude variables (including self-isolation, use of masks, social distancing, COVID-19, and government) was 35.54%. The number of substantial articles on the variable of preventive behavior (including handwashing, social distancing, hand sanitizers, use of masks, and self-isolation) was 45%.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 16-26
Publish at: 2021-03-01

A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Indonesian residents during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20609
Titik Respati , Siska Nia Irasanti , Dewi Sartika , Ieva Baniyah Akbar , Roy Rillera Marzo
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The speed at which COVID-19 become pandemic and spread all over the world is alarming. A critical aspect of this type of pandemic is on the mental health of the community. This survey aimed to describe psychological distress in Indonesia's general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection began on 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. An online survey using Google Form with snowball sampling method used in this study. A modified version of the COVID-19 peri-traumatic distress index (CPDI) with 24 items used. The survey questionnaire included socio-economic and demographic variables. The study's total responses were 1,287, with 33 excluded from the analysis because of incomplete responses or not meeting inclusion criteria. Results showed that 63.5% of respondents reported having normal or no distress, 34% were having mild to moderate levels of distress, and 2.8% having severe distress. Age is the only variable that correlates with the level of distress. Healthcare workers and the general population showed no significant differences in the level of distress. During the early break of the COVID-19 pandemic, around 40% of respondents rated their psychological state having moderate to severe distress. These findings can be used to develop better psychological intervention measures and prevention of mental health during the pandemic.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 119-126
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Systematic review of community efforts in early handling post-exposure prophylaxis cases of rabies animal bite transmission

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20557
Tanti Marjiana , Asti Melani Astari , Lilik Zuhriyah
Rabies is acute progressive encephalitis, caused by a virus that enters the body after the bite of an infected animal, and migrates to the brain. Management of rabies animal bite transmission (GHPR) with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the most important strategy for preventing rabies-related mortality. GHPR victims need the right PEP. Effective post-exposure provision depends on good individual awareness about rabies and access to health services. To find out the efforts made by the community in raising public awareness to get PEP by doing initial handling after GHPR appropriately. This systematic review begins by identifying the literature on scientific articles that have been published in 2014-2019 in international databases namely Proquest, ScienceDirect, Springer and Ebsco. Selection is done by systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and selected using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist format tools. The nine relevant articles were obtained to be analyzed into a systematic review, namely four articles from the Proquest database, two articles from the ScienceDirect database and three articles from the Ebsco database. Community efforts in initial treatment of victims exposed to GHPR are immediately carried out by applying wound washing, providing antiseptics and immediately to health care facilities to get further treatment. The community should understand important information about handling practices in GHPR wound management appropriately. PEP was an immediate action for early relief when victims are exposed to GHPR. PEP was conducted as an effort to prevent the virus from developing into dangerous stages that could result in death
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 127-135
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Ubiquitous learning in occupational health and safety for vocational education

10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20823
Ketut Ima Ismara , Amin Suharjono , Didi Supriadi
This research aimed to develop instructional media for occupational safety and health android-based for vocational schools. The second aim is to determine the feasibility of instructional media and student responses. The type of research is research and development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) method, namely, analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire with fourth scales. Data collection used an assessment questionnaire for two experts and 103 users. Research data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive analysis. This study's results have produced products in the form of android-based instructional media for Occupational Safety and Health. In this study, we designed and developed an application called Zerosicks for mobile devices to help students learn occupational safety and health principles. The results of testing for all features and navigation work well and under their functions. The assessment results by content experts, media experts, and students as users indicate that this media has a very decent level of eligibility. Suggestions for product development are to add videos to the media, provide selected music, and add discussion forums for users.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 285-292
Publish at: 2021-03-01

The factors correlated to nurses’ decision activating code blue team in hospital

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20574
Ekwantoro Ekwantoro , Kuswantoro Rusca Putra , setyoadi setyoadi
The success and hindrances of the blue-code activation were based on nurses’ readiness to request assistance once a patient’s clinical condition decreases. This research aimed to determine the nurses’ hindrance factors in making the blue code activation at hospitals. This research is analytical-observational with a cross-sectional approach. The samples consisted of 93 nurses taken randomly. The data were collected by questionnaire from March until April 2020 at one of the Nganjuk Government Hospitals. The Pearson test result showed a correlation between experience with p-value 0.022, education with a p-value 0.000, cognition with p-value 0.006, and organizational culture with a p-value 0.000 toward decision-making (p-value<0.05). The multiple linear regression multivariate analysis shows an Exp. value (B) of education is 0.292, experience with a value 0.178, cognition with a value 0.194, and cultural organization with a score of 0.425. Thus, it could be concluded that the organizational culture was the most dominant factor of the nurses’ decision making. The hindrances and success of the nurses’ decision-making are based on the nurses’ characteristics, such as cognition, communication skill, and collaboration skill. The support from the leader of an organization would influence nurses’ confidence dealing with patients’ health.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 202-206
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Bidirectional gated recurrent unit for improving classification in credit card fraud detection

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1704-1712
Imane Sadgali , Nawal Sael , Fouazia Benabbou
In recent years, the use of credit cards around the world has grown enormously. Thus, the number of fraud cases have also increased, resulting in losses of thousands of dollars worldwide. Therefore, it is mandatory to use techniques that are able to assist in the detection of credit card fraud. For this purpose, we have proposed a multi-level architecture, composed of four levels: authentication level, behavioral level, smart level and background processing level. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of the smart level. The aim of this level is to develop a classifier for the detection of credit card fraud, using bidirectional gated recurrent units (BGRU). The experiments, applied on well-known credit card fraud dataset from Kaggle, show that this model has peak performance compared to other proposed models, with 97.16% for accuracy rate and 99.66% for the area under the ROC curve.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1704-1712
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health facilities roles in measuring progress of universal health coverage

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20624
Muhiuddin Haider , Emily Vooris , Ananya Krishnan
Outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all people can access affordable and equitable essential health services without facing economic challenges. Advised by the World Health Organization (WHO), countries can strengthen their health systems and subsequently UHC by establishing a robust health system on a framework of service delivery; health workforce; information; medical products, vaccines and technologies; financing; and leadership and governance. By achieving UHC, countries progress in other health-related goals and provide for healthier children, a stronger workforce and long-term economic development. As announced by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in 2011, Bangladesh has remained committed towards UHC through the implementation of programs that increase availability and financial accessibility of essential health services. To produce information regarding their contribution to UHC and specifically the work of its health facilities, Bangladesh produced the 2017 Bangladesh health facilities survey (BHFS). Based on a qualitative analysis, the 2017 BHFS provides substantial information regarding the presence of essential services within different facilities and locations. However, the survey inadequately addresses other components that contribute to availability and accessibility of services, including utilization, patient load, quality of care and financial burden. Subsequently, the 2017 BHFS does not provide a comprehensive evaluation of their health facilities and their contribution to UHC. Arguably, a future survey must address these topics and incorporate a multidisciplinary approach to successfully implement UHC. This approach would incorporate multidisciplinary stakeholders including economists, public health figures and politicians to address challenges such as financial burden, public distrust, and qualified training of providers.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 103-112
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Impact of home quarantine due to COVID-19 among Bangladeshi population

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20628
S. M. Mustofa Kamal , Md. Feroz Kabir , Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Jalal Uddin , Md. Sujon Hosen , Shahida Sultana Shumi , Md. Ahnaf Al Mukit
COVID-19 is an emergency public health issue and home quarantine can prevent the transmission. Quarantine restricts the people’s mobility and it has a silent impact on physical, psychological and economical aspect. The purpose was to explore the impact of home quarantine among the general population in Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional survey with 600 samples from different district of Bangladesh by convenient sampling with a structured and language validated questionnaire. The results indicate the huge impact of home quarantine. Among 600 participants, 71.7% (n=430) showed impact on their psychological health, 48.5% (n=291) physical health and 82.5% (n=495) on their economy. Study showed strong association between gender and psychological impact (p<0.01) and very strong association between living area and their psychological impact (p<0.00).There has also very strong association between their occupation and impact on their economy (p<0.00). Home quarantine has a progressive negative impact on the individual’s psychological health, physical health and their economy. Individual’s gender, living area and occupations are strongly associated with those negative impacts due to home quarantine. Supporting agency should take initiative to mitigate this all negative impacts of home quarantine and need to develop protocol for maintaining for health during quarantine time.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 1-7
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Generalized anxiety disorder associated with individual work performance of Indonesian medical personnel during COVID-19 outbreak

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20633
Eko Sujadi , Muhammad Fadhli , Muhd. Odha Meditamar , Dairabi Kamil , Ahmad Jamin , Hengki Yandri , Syaiful Indra
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has the potential to affect the mental health of medical personnel. This study aimed to investigate the anxiety experienced by medical personnel during the COVID-19 outbreak and its correlation with individual work performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 501 Medical Personnel in Indonesia. Anxiety level and work performance were assessed by the GAD-7 and IWP-1.0. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation. The results showed that 33.33% of the participants did not experience anxiety, followed by moderate, mild, and severe levels (31.14%, 27.74%, and 7.78%). Furthermore, the level of anxiety was different in terms of sex, age, and type of medical personnel, while there was no difference in the length of time of work. The results of the correlation analysis showed that anxiety was correlated with task performance and contextual performance, but there was no correlation with the counter-productive work behavior. There is a crucial need for psychological assistance to medical personnel in orders to reduce their anxiety as well as improve their performance.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 207-214
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Information security threats encountered by Malaysian public sector data centers

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1820-1829
Inthrani Shammugam , Ganthan Narayana Samy , Pritheega Magalingam , Nurazean Maarop , Sundresan Perumal , Bharanidharan Shanmugam
Data centers are primarily the main targets of cybercriminals and security threats as they host various critical information and communication technology (ICT) services. Identifying the threats and managing the risks associated with data centers have become a major challenge as this will enable organizations to optimize their resources to focus on the most hazardous threats to prevent the potential risks and damages. The objective of this paper is to identify major ICT security threats to data centers in the Malaysian public sector and their causes. The data for this study was collected through interview sessions. A total of 33 respondents from various government organizations were interviewed. The results revealed that the technical threats, spyware, phishing, bluesnarfing threats, social engineering and virus, trojan, malware, ransomware, viral websites threats are the major categories of threats often encountered by the malaysian public sector organizations. The causes for these threats are lack of budget, competent personnel, and manpower for security tasks, user awareness; lack of compliances and monitoring; insufficient security policies and procedures as well as deliberate cyber attacks. The outcome of this study will give a greater degree of awareness and understanding to the ICT security officers, who are entrusted with data center security.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1820-1829
Publish at: 2021-03-01
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