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Health facilities roles in measuring progress of universal health coverage

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20624
Muhiuddin Haider , Emily Vooris , Ananya Krishnan
Outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all people can access affordable and equitable essential health services without facing economic challenges. Advised by the World Health Organization (WHO), countries can strengthen their health systems and subsequently UHC by establishing a robust health system on a framework of service delivery; health workforce; information; medical products, vaccines and technologies; financing; and leadership and governance. By achieving UHC, countries progress in other health-related goals and provide for healthier children, a stronger workforce and long-term economic development. As announced by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in 2011, Bangladesh has remained committed towards UHC through the implementation of programs that increase availability and financial accessibility of essential health services. To produce information regarding their contribution to UHC and specifically the work of its health facilities, Bangladesh produced the 2017 Bangladesh health facilities survey (BHFS). Based on a qualitative analysis, the 2017 BHFS provides substantial information regarding the presence of essential services within different facilities and locations. However, the survey inadequately addresses other components that contribute to availability and accessibility of services, including utilization, patient load, quality of care and financial burden. Subsequently, the 2017 BHFS does not provide a comprehensive evaluation of their health facilities and their contribution to UHC. Arguably, a future survey must address these topics and incorporate a multidisciplinary approach to successfully implement UHC. This approach would incorporate multidisciplinary stakeholders including economists, public health figures and politicians to address challenges such as financial burden, public distrust, and qualified training of providers.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 103-112
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Impact of home quarantine due to COVID-19 among Bangladeshi population

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20628
S. M. Mustofa Kamal , Md. Feroz Kabir , Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Jalal Uddin , Md. Sujon Hosen , Shahida Sultana Shumi , Md. Ahnaf Al Mukit
COVID-19 is an emergency public health issue and home quarantine can prevent the transmission. Quarantine restricts the people’s mobility and it has a silent impact on physical, psychological and economical aspect. The purpose was to explore the impact of home quarantine among the general population in Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional survey with 600 samples from different district of Bangladesh by convenient sampling with a structured and language validated questionnaire. The results indicate the huge impact of home quarantine. Among 600 participants, 71.7% (n=430) showed impact on their psychological health, 48.5% (n=291) physical health and 82.5% (n=495) on their economy. Study showed strong association between gender and psychological impact (p<0.01) and very strong association between living area and their psychological impact (p<0.00).There has also very strong association between their occupation and impact on their economy (p<0.00). Home quarantine has a progressive negative impact on the individual’s psychological health, physical health and their economy. Individual’s gender, living area and occupations are strongly associated with those negative impacts due to home quarantine. Supporting agency should take initiative to mitigate this all negative impacts of home quarantine and need to develop protocol for maintaining for health during quarantine time.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 1-7
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Generalized anxiety disorder associated with individual work performance of Indonesian medical personnel during COVID-19 outbreak

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20633
Eko Sujadi , Muhammad Fadhli , Muhd. Odha Meditamar , Dairabi Kamil , Ahmad Jamin , Hengki Yandri , Syaiful Indra
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has the potential to affect the mental health of medical personnel. This study aimed to investigate the anxiety experienced by medical personnel during the COVID-19 outbreak and its correlation with individual work performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 501 Medical Personnel in Indonesia. Anxiety level and work performance were assessed by the GAD-7 and IWP-1.0. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation. The results showed that 33.33% of the participants did not experience anxiety, followed by moderate, mild, and severe levels (31.14%, 27.74%, and 7.78%). Furthermore, the level of anxiety was different in terms of sex, age, and type of medical personnel, while there was no difference in the length of time of work. The results of the correlation analysis showed that anxiety was correlated with task performance and contextual performance, but there was no correlation with the counter-productive work behavior. There is a crucial need for psychological assistance to medical personnel in orders to reduce their anxiety as well as improve their performance.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 207-214
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Information security threats encountered by Malaysian public sector data centers

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1820-1829
Inthrani Shammugam , Ganthan Narayana Samy , Pritheega Magalingam , Nurazean Maarop , Sundresan Perumal , Bharanidharan Shanmugam
Data centers are primarily the main targets of cybercriminals and security threats as they host various critical information and communication technology (ICT) services. Identifying the threats and managing the risks associated with data centers have become a major challenge as this will enable organizations to optimize their resources to focus on the most hazardous threats to prevent the potential risks and damages. The objective of this paper is to identify major ICT security threats to data centers in the Malaysian public sector and their causes. The data for this study was collected through interview sessions. A total of 33 respondents from various government organizations were interviewed. The results revealed that the technical threats, spyware, phishing, bluesnarfing threats, social engineering and virus, trojan, malware, ransomware, viral websites threats are the major categories of threats often encountered by the malaysian public sector organizations. The causes for these threats are lack of budget, competent personnel, and manpower for security tasks, user awareness; lack of compliances and monitoring; insufficient security policies and procedures as well as deliberate cyber attacks. The outcome of this study will give a greater degree of awareness and understanding to the ICT security officers, who are entrusted with data center security.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1820-1829
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Mattering and life satisfaction among the quarantined adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20684
Kususanto Ditto Prihadi , Edward S.Z. Lim , EeVonne Sim , Kam Yan Chong
This study aims to investigate the role of mattering, trait extraversion and perceived social inclusion in developing the sense of life satisfaction among adults who reside in Malaysia during the quarantine period amidst the Pandemic in March-June 2020. Previous studies indicated that mattering was a robust predictor of life satisfaction; however, the nature of the quarantine might have affected the perception of social inclusion among individuals with certain levels of extraversions. Therefore, we hypothesized a moderated mediation model; mattering will interact with trait extraversion in predicting life satisfaction, and the prediction is mediated by perceived inclusion. Three hundred and ninety participants were voluntarily recruited to respond to scales such as Life Satisfaction Inventory, State Self-Esteem Scale, General Mattering Scale and the extraversion facet in Big Five Inventory. The scales, demography questions, and informed consent were accessible by online link given to the participants through social media. The analysis was conducted by using PROCESS Macro model eight for statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) applying the Bootstrap analysis with 5000 samples and 95% confidence interval. The result suggested that the hypothesis was confirmed; perceived inclusion levels significantly mediated the association between mattering and life satisfaction among individuals with low and moderate levels of extraversion. However, full mediation only applied among the individuals with moderate extraversion, because among those with low extraversion, mattering was still a significant predictor of life satisfaction.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 189-193
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Subjective well-being: Mental health study among student in the Islamic boarding school

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20610
Lharasati Dewi , Fatwa Tentama , Ahmad Muhammad Diponegoro
The purpose of this study was to analyze the model of the influence of family social support, gratitude, and self-acceptance on subjective well-being in student in Islamic boarding schools. The population in this study was all student of class VII in boarding school X and boarding school Y in Yogyakarta, with a total of 430 students. The sample in this study was 150 students. The sampling technique used for this study was cluster random sampling. The data were collected by using several instruments in the form of scales. The scales consisted of family social support scale, gratitude scale, self-acceptance scale, and subjective well-being scale. Data analysis was performed by testing the outer model and the inner model. The data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM) through the Smart Partial Least Square 3.2.8 program. The results of this study suggested that the formation of a model of the influence of family social support, gratitude, and self-acceptance on subjective well-being fits with empirical data obtained. In other words, there was a significant positive correlation between all variables being studied and subjective well-being. The theoretical model formed in this study was considered fit, so it can be used as a valid model reference in investigating adolescents' subjective well-being.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 146-158
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Combating the hate speech in Thai textual memes

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1493-1502
Lawankorn Mookdarsanit , Pakpoom Mookdarsanit
Thai textual memes have been popular in social media, as a form of image information summarization. Unfortunately, many memes contain some hateful content that easily causes the controversy in Thailand. For global protection, the Hateful Memes Challenge is also provided by Facebook AI to enable researchers to compete their algorithms for combating the hate speech on memes as one of NeurIPS’20 competitions. As well as in Thailand, this paper introduces the Thai textual meme detection as a new research problem in Thai natural language processing (Thai-NLP) that is the settlement of transmission linkage between scene text localization, Thai optical recognition (Thai-OCR) and language understanding. From the results, both regular and irregular text position can be localized by one-stage detection pipeline. More scene text can be augmented by different resolution and rotation. The accuracy of Thai-OCR using convolutional neural network (CNN) can be improved by recurrent neural network (RNN). Since misspelling Thai words are frequently used in social, this paper categorizes them as synonyms to train on multi-task pre-trained language model. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1493-1502
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health and safety implementation in Indonesia and risk of COVID-19

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20634
Adithya Sudiarno , Sri Indriyani Diartiwi , Ratna Sari Dewi , M. Rizqi Zulqornain , Maria Susanti , Edwin Hermawan , Dedy Dedy , Syamsul Arifin , Reni Wulansari , Reza Aulia Akbar , Muhammad Hendrawan Hidayat , Rico Feryanto
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the socio-economic sectors since the end of 2019. Indonesian’s Government issued the large-scale social restrictions policy to limit the industrial activities. This study aimed to investigate the difference of the health, safety, and environment (HSE) implementations among Indonesian companies, before and during the disruption risk of COVID-19 pandemic according to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). It used a random sampling, involved 1,027 workers from various sectors of Indonesian companies. Hypothesis tests used are ANOVA and t-test method. The level of HSE compliance changed quite significantly when the COVID-19 outbreak emerged. The results explained, there is no significant difference in HSE compliance based on company location, company risk level, and position of a respondent in the company. However, there is a significant difference between companies that have a HSE division and a HSE Management System certificate with the company who did not have any. The recommendations of HSE improvement formulated using a Safety Model Canvas and a Focus Group Discussion conducted to convey the jazz scenario in the next normal. This study suggests the priority order for HSE improvement strategy in a company is commitment, responsibility, engagement and involvement, leadership, competence, information and communication, to organizational learning.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 68-76
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Satellite image inpainting with deep generative adversarial neural networks

10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp121-130
Mohamed Akram Zaytar , Chaker El Amrani
This work addresses the problem of recovering lost or damaged satellite image pixels (gaps) caused by sensor processing errors or by natural phenomena like cloud presence. Such errors decrease our ability to monitor regions of interest and significantly increase the average revisit time for all satellites. This paper presents a novel neural system based on conditional deep generative adversarial networks (cGAN) optimized to fill satellite imagery gaps using surrounding pixel values and static high-resolution visual priors. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms traditional and neural network baselines. It achieves a normalized least absolute deviations error of (  &  decrease in error compared with the two baselines) and a mean squared error loss of  (  &  decrease in error) over the test set. The model can be deployed within a remote sensing data pipeline to reconstruct missing pixel measurements for near-real-time monitoring and inference purposes, thus empowering policymakers and users to make environmentally informed decisions.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 121-130
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Gender difference in betel quid consumption levels and tobacco use among adults in Myanmar

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20601
Yin Min Aye , Seo Ah Hong , Bang-On Thepthien , Sariyamon Tiraphat
Several small scaled studies in Myanmar investigated determinants of betel quid chewing status but to better understand more complete profiles of betel quid chewing habits, this study investigated the associations of betel quid consumption levels with tobacco and sociodemographic factors using a nationally representative sample in Myanmar. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted by using Myanmar demographic and health survey (MDHS) (2015-2016). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed with p-value<0.05 as significance. Men averagely chewed 5.59 (SD=8.229) pieces per day while women chewed 1.25 (SD=3.584) pieces. The prevalence of chewing daily pieces 1-2, 3-5 and 6+ were 7.9%, 17.1% and 34.2% for men and 6.1%, 8% and 7.1 %, respectively, for women. In multivariate analysis, low education, low family wealth, married, and urban were more likely to chew 6+ pieces per day relevant to no consumption in both genders, while a positive association with age was observed only in women. Tobacco use was associated with low consumption level (1-2 pieces), relative to no consumption in both genders. Therefore, this study underlined the need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with betel quid chewing and tobacco use among socially disadvantaged populations and urban residents.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 159-168
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Mental stress post-COVID-19

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20497
Zafir Khan Mohamed Makhbul , Zainab Rawshdeh
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is plaguing the world today surely carves a dark, unforgettable history. It has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This shows that it has spread worldwide, transcending every border, and then finally penetrating every corner of the world. Despite its small size (measured in nanometer), its influence is great enough in triggering stress. As various countries declare a state of Emergency, restricted movement order and lockdown, varying reactions like sorrow, anxiety, misperception and fear have been ignited in the society. All of these have cumulatively caused stress among them. This current review paper summarizes and discusses the published literature addressing mental health concerns linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies show that excessive stress causes the failure in the individual’s mental and physical systems. The issue here is how the situation at the workplace, post-COVID-19 is different from the previous situation. Thus, the psychological preparation of every member in the organization is crucial to face the challenges coming their way. The available literature showed consensus that the COVID-19 pandemic not only affects physical health, but also stress and well-being. In conclusion, emotional well-being must be emphasized through training and human resource development strategy to prepare and empower the mentality of the organizational members to address this stress.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 194-201
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Health education on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention among tuberculosis patients

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20423
Hema Malini , Emil Huriani , Devia Putri Lenggogeni , Shinta Herlina
The high incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the community due to the lack of socialization or the provision of health education about MDR-TB. During this time, health education is only focused on tuberculosis (TB) generally. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on the behavior of MDR-TB prevention in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in two Community Health Centers in Padang. This study design is quasi-experimental with pre and post-test groups only. The program intervention of health education was conducted for a month with lecture method and group discussion using flipchart and video as media. The sampling technique used purposive sampling were 29 patients with TB who are still in the phase of treatment. Data collection used a set of questionnaires. The data analysis in this study using statistical tests t-test. The results showed, there is a significance influence of health education on knowledge with p-value=0.000 (p≤0.05) and attitude with p-value=0.000 (p≤0.05). The result also showed that 65.5% of patients taking medication regularly. It was also that there is the effect of health education on the behavior of MDR-TB prevention in TB patients. It is expected that the providing of health education on the prevention of behavior on MDR-TB is emphasized on the motivation and self-efficacy of the patients and involvement of supervision on taking medication.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 27-32
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Subjective well-being among women with disabilities

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20616
Fatwa Tentama , Nina Zulida Situmorang , Muthmainah Muthmainah
Women with disabilities are individuals who have double vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are arguably resulting from their condition as disabled persons and their status as a woman. Both women with innate disabilities factors and accident factors have a similarly negative view of their condition. This study aimed to describe subjective well-being in women with disabilities. The research method used was qualitative phenomenology. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews. This study included six women with disabilities (visually impaired), aged between 20 to 30 years who lived in Yogyakarta and status as a graduate student. The data from interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. The results showed that subjective well-being in women with disabilities was influenced by cognitive component (life satisfaction), which was indicated by self-acceptance, positive social relations, and perceived gratitude. Besides, the affective component also played a role. This component included positive affect, which was indicated by a sense of attention that the participant received, a feeling of excitement, pleasure, and a feeling of pride. Negative affect was indicated by feelings of sadness because of past negative relationships and feelings of disappointment.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 136-145
Publish at: 2021-03-01

Factors affect the vasectomy uptake of married couples in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20613
Dian Kristiani Irawaty , Yudi Rafani
Vasectomy is a highly effective male contraception. However, the 2007 to 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys reported no vasectomy cases in Bangka Belitung Islands. This study aimed to identify the number and its barriers to low vasectomy use in the Bangka Belitung Islands. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used in this study. This study utilized health clinics’ reports between 2015 and 2018 to identify whether or not vasectomy was executed in Bangka Belitung Islands. In-depth interviews were also carried out for medical practitioners, husbands, and wives to point out other crucial purposes of low vasectomy cases in the area. Vasectomy is regarded as a sexual displeasure contraceptive method. Those husbands had perceptions that vasectomy was similar to castration. They consider it as a sickening procedure. The wives perceived that vasectomy could make their husbands promiscuous. The misconceptions and stigma had been found as barriers for the low practice of vasectomy in the Islands. Reproductive health counseling for both husbands and wives need to be intensified to clarify those misconceptions about vasectomy. Vasectomy-specified campaign messages through various media channels should be conducted for couples in the area.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 48-54
Publish at: 2021-03-01

A new class of self-scaling for quasi-newton method based on the quadratic model

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1830-1836
Basim A. Hassan , Ranen M. Sulaiman
Quasi-Newton method is an efficient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Self-scaling is one of the common approaches in the modification of the quasi-Newton method. A large variety of self-scaling of quasi-Newton methods is very well known. In this paper, based on quadratic function we derive the new self-scaling of quasi-Newton method and study the convergence property. Numerical results on the collection of problems showed the self-scaling of quasi-Newton methods which improves overall numerical performance for BFGS method.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page: 1830-1836
Publish at: 2021-03-01
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