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31,456 Article Results

A two-stage power amplifier design for ultra-wideband applications

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp772-779
Idrees S. Al-Kofahi , Zaid Albataineh , Ahmad Dagamseh
In this paper, a two-stage 0.18 μm CMOS power amplifier (PA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) 3 to 5 GHz based on common source inductive degeneration with an auxiliary amplifier is proposed. In this proposal, an auxiliary amplifier is used to place the 2nd harmonic in the core amplified in order to make up for the gain progression phenomena at the main amplifier output node. Simulation results show a power gain of 16 dB with a gain flatness of 0.4 dB and an input 1 dB compression of about -5 dBm from 3 to 5 GHz using a 1.8 V power supply consuming 25 mW. Power added efficiency (PAE) of around 47% at 4 GHz with 50 Ω load impedance was also observed.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 772-779
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Multiloop low bandwidth communication-based power sharing control for microgrids

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp682-690
Erum Pathan , Afarulrazi Abu Bakar , Mubashir Hayat Khan , Muhammad Asad , Haider Arshad
In parallel-connected inverter-based microgrids, the reactive power sharing accuracy can not have satisfactory results effortlessly. Mismatch in feeder impedances of the parallel-connected inverter-based microgrids is a significant cause of inaccurate reactive power-sharing. In voltage source inverters (VSI) based microgrids, especially for the islanded mode of operation, the conventional centralized or decentralized control techniques are not much helpful to control the voltage deviations due to impedance mismatch. Mismatch of the feeder impedance is compensated by the addition of fixed virtual impedance. Whereas, the change in the virtual impedance is compensated by adaptive virtual impedance-based control techniques which are helpful to mitigate power-sharing errors, but in most of the control schemes virtual impedance-based control mechanism needs pre-knowledge of feeder impedance which increases the computational burden. This paper presents a decentralized virtual impedance-based power sharing control. In the proposed control solution to mitigate reactive power sharing errors in distributed generation (DG) units, mismatch of the parallel-connected feeder impedance is equalized by regulating the addition of equivalent impedance to each DG inverter. Proposed control technique offers an independent implementation without any pre-knowledge of the feeder impedance. Hence, the implementation of the control scheme is a straightforward and computational burden is also reduced. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the control scheme. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 682-690
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Certain properties of ω-Q-fuzzy subrings

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp822-828
Dilshad Alghazzawi , Wafaa H. Hanoon , Muhammad Gulzar , Ghazanfar Abbas , Nasreen Kausar
In this paper, we define the fuzzy subring and discussed various fundamental aspects of fuzzy subrings. We introduce the concept of level subset of this new fuzzy set and prove that level subset of fuzzy subring form a ring. We define fuzzy ideal and show that set of all fuzzy cosets form a ring. Moreover, we investigate the properties of homomorphic image of fuzzy subring.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 822-828
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Classification techniques’ performance evaluation for facial expression recognition

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1176-1184
Mayyadah R. Mahmood , Maiwan B. Abdulrazaq , Subhi R. M. Zeebaree , Abbas Kh. Ibrahim , Rizgar Ramadhan Zebari , Hivi Ismat Dino
Facial exprestion recognition as a recently developed method in computer vision is founded upon the idea of analazing the facial changes in which are witnessed due to emotional impacts on an individual. This paper provides a performance evaluation of a set of supervised classifiers used for facial expression recognition based on minimum features selected by chi-square. These features are the most iconic and influential ones that have tangible value for result dermination. The highest ranked six features are applied on six classifiers including multi-layer preceptron, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, radial baised function, and k-nearest neioughbor to figure out the most accurate one when the minum number of features are utilized. This is done via analyzing and appraising the classifiers’ performance. CK+ is used as the research’s dataset. Random forest with the total accuracy ratio of 94.23 % is illustrated as the most accurate classifier amongst the rest. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 1176-1184
Publish at: 2021-02-01

A hybrid feature selection on AIRS method for identifying breast cancer diseases

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp728-735
Achmad Ridok , Nashi Widodo , Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy , Muhaimin Rifa’i
Breast cancer may cause a death due to the late diagnosis. A cheap and accurate tool for early detection of this disease is essential to prevent fatal incidence. In general, the cheap and less invasive method to diagnose the disease could be done by biopsy using fine needle aspirates from breast tissue. However, rapid and accurate identification of the cancer cell pattern from the cell biopsy is still challenging task. This diagnostic tool can be developed using machine learning as a classification problem. The performance of the classifier depends on the interrelationship between sample sizes, some features, and classifier complexity. Thus, the removal of some irrelevant features may increase classification accuracy. In this study, a new hybrid feature selection fast correlation based feature (FCBF) and information gain (IG) was used to select features on identifying breast cancer using AIRS algorithm. The results of 10 times the crossing (CF) of our validation on various AIRS seeds indicate that the proposed method can achieve the best performance with accuracy =0.9797 and AUC=0.9777 at k=6 and seed=50.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 728-735
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Performance comparison between variants PID controllers and unity feedback control system for the response of the angular position of the DC motor

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp802-814
Mustafa A. Mhawesh
This paper proposed a detailed study for the response of angular position of the rotor of a DC motor. It is a comparative analysis to the behavior of the DC motor when the motor is alone and when it is with controllers. Furthermore, a comparison between the responses of controllers themselves. A conventional PID controller which was tuned by using Ziegler and Nichols method was proposed in this paper. Also, Modification PID controllers were proposed in this paper. The modification PID controllers are PI-D controller and I-PD controller. Mathematical calculations were done to get the transfer functions for the DC motor and the controllers. Time domain specifications and figures were obtained for each case by using Matlab program. The obtained results were summarized in tables. This paper determined which the controller is the best one depending on the obtained figures and the time domain specifications.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 802-814
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Compressed domain based robust digital video watermarking scheme to protect the copyright

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1160-1167
Rakesh Ahuja , Sachin Ahuja , Deepali Gupta , Mohd. Junedul Haque
Digital video watermarking is an effective way to protect the ownership of the multimedia contents. A novel compressed domain based digital video watermarking algorithm scheme is proposed by exploiting MPEG-2 structure. Watermark bits are embedded in DC and AC coefficients both of only smooth discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks from selected I-frames in the original digital video. The algorithms never exploited entire frames but explore only three location from the subset of DCT blocks from the subgroup of I-frames only. This process maintains the perceptibility of the watermarked video. Two parameters, normalized correlation (NC) and bit error rate (BER) are used to evaluate the degree of similarity and dissimilarity respectively to check the robustness against image processing and video specific intentional and non-intentional attacks. The security of embedded watermark is enhanced by applying three cryptographic keys. The experimental results demonstrated that the better robustness and perceptibility achieved by comparing the results with the state of art. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 1160-1167
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Comparing canopy density measurement from UAV and hemispherical photography: an evaluation for medium resolution of remote sensing-based mapping

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp356-364
Deha Agus Umarhadi , Projo Danoedoro
UAV and hemispherical photography are common methods used in canopy density measurement. These two methods have opposite viewing angles where hemispherical photography measures canopy density upwardly, while UAV captures images downwardly. This study aims to analyze and compare both methods to be used as the input data for canopy density estimation when linked with a lower spatial resolution of remote sensing data i.e. Landsat image. We correlated the field data of canopy density with vegetation indices (NDVI, MSAVI, and AFRI) from Landsat-8. The canopy density values measured from UAV and hemispherical photography displayed a strong relationship with 0.706 coefficient of correlation. Further results showed that both measurements can be used in canopy density estimation using satellite imagery based on their high correlations with Landsat-based vegetation indices. The highest correlation from downward and upward measurement appeared when linked with NDVI with a correlation of 0.962 and 0.652, respectively. Downward measurement using UAV exhibited a higher relationship compared to hemispherical photography. The strong correlation between UAV data and Landsat data is because both are captured from the vertical direction, and 30 m pixel of Landsat is a downscaled image of the aerial photograph. Moreover, field data collection can be easily conducted by deploying drone to cover inaccessible sample plots.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 356-364
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Performance enhancement of wireless sensor network by using non-orthogonal multiple access and sensor node selection schemes

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp886-894
Duy-Hung Ha , Duy-Binh Ha , Van-Truong Truong , Van-Duc Phan , Q. S. Vu
In this paper, we investigate a relaying wireless sensor network (WSN) with the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sensor node selection schemes over Rayleigh fading. Precisely, the system consists of two sensor clusters, a sink node, and an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. These sensors applying the NOMA and sensor node selection schemes transmit the sensing data from the sensor clusters via the relay to the sink. We derived the expressions of outage probability and throughput for two sensor nodes. We also provide numerical results to examine the behavior of the system. Finally, we verify the validity of our analysis by using the Monte-Carlo simulation.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 886-894
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Multi-user media streaming service for e-learning based web real-time communication technology

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp567-574
Naktal Edan , Sanabil A. Mahmood
Web real-time communication (WebRTC) standards do not define precisely how two browsers establish and control their communication. Therefore, a signalling mechanism/protocol has not specified in WebRTC. The essential goal of this research is to create and apply a WebRTC bi-directional video conferencing based on mesh topology (many-to-many) using Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and Explorer. This experiment involved through Ethernet and Wireless of the Internet and 4G networks in e-learning. The signalling mechanism of this experiment has been created and implemented using JavaScript language along with MultiConnection libraries. In addition, an evaluation of quality of experience (QoE), resources, such as bandwidth consumption, and CPU performance was done. In this paper, a novel implementation was accomplished over e-learning using different networks, different browsers, many peers, opening one or many rooms concurrently, defining room initiator, sharing the information of the new user with participants, using user identification (user-id), and so on. Moreover, the paper also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using WebRTC video conferencing.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 567-574
Publish at: 2021-02-01

An area efficient memory-less ROM design architecture for direct digital frequency synthesizer

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp257-264
Salah Alkurwy , Sawal H. Ali , Md. Shabiul Islam , Faizul Idros
This paper introduces a new technique of designing a read-only memory (ROM) circuit, namely; memory-less ROM as a novel approach to designing the ROM lookup table (LUT) circuit for use in a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS). The proposed DDFS design uses the pipelined phase accumulator (PA) based on the kogge-stone (KS) adder. Verilog HDL programming is encoded on the architecture circuit of pipelined PA and contrasted with other PA based on various adders. The obtained results define the KS adder as having good capabilities for improving the throughput. In addition to the quarter symmetry technique, the built memory-less ROM to obtain the quarter sine amplitude waveform is proposed and implemented in the DDFS system. The implementation of the proposed technique replaces the necessary ROM registers (384 D flip-flops) and multiplexers with simple logic gate circuits instead of traditional ROMs. This technique would reduce the area size and cell count by 56% and 32.6% respectively.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 257-264
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Power system operation considering detailed modelling of energy storage systems

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp182-200
Sergio Cantillo , Ricardo Moreno
The power system operation considering energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable power represents a challenge. In a 24-hour economic dispatch, the generation resources are dispatched to meet demand requirements considering network restrictions. The uncertainty and unpredictability associated with renewable resources and storage systems represents challenges for power system operation due to operational and economical restrictions. This paper develops a detailed formulation to model energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable sources for power system operation considering 24-hour period. The model is formulated and evaluated with two different power systems (i.e. 5-bus and IEEE modified 24-bus systems). Wind availability patterns and scenarios are used to assess the ESS performance under different operational circumstances. With regard to the systems proposed, there are scenarios in order to evaluate ESS performance. In one of them, the increase in capacity did not represent significant savings or performance for the system, while in the other it was quite the opposite especially during peak load periods.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 182-200
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Straggler handling approaches in mapreduce framework: a comparative study

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp375-382
Anwar H. Katrawi , Rosni Abdullah , Mohammed Anbar , Ibrahim AlShourbaji , Ammar Kamal Abasi
The proliferation of information technology produces a huge amount of data called big data that cannot be processed by traditional database systems. These Various types of data come from different sources. However, stragglers are a major bottleneck in big data processing, and hence the early detection and accurate identification of stragglers can have important impacts on the performance of big data processing. This work aims to assess five stragglers identification methods: Hadoop native scheduler, LATE Scheduler, Mantri, MonTool, and Dolly. The performance of these techniques was evaluated based on three benchmarked methods: Sort, Grep and WordCount. The results show that the LATE Scheduler performs the best and it would be efficient to obtain better results for stragglers identification.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 375-382
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Performance evaluation of WLAN in enterprise WAN with real-time applications based on OPNET modeler

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp911-918
Mohammed Ghadhban Al-Hamiri , Haider J. Abd , Hanaa M. Al Abboodi
Wireless local area networks (WLAN) has been used recently due to their benefits which exhibits outstanding mobility with easier and faster configurations. The wireless local area network performance is much influenced by both network topology and hardware specifications and thus will impact the quality of service (QoS) parameters which are delay, load, and response time. This works estimated the performance of WLAN in enterprise WAN based on the OPNET modeler. Three scenarios have been suggested which are FDDI scenario, FDDI Hybrid Star scenario, and FDDI hybrid ring scenario involving web browsing (HTTP) and file transfer protocol (FTP). Hardware objects and software configurations kept the same for all proposed scenarios. Different types of links and topologies have been applied among WLAN subnets as well as the involved gateway has been changed to measure parameters of quality of services (QoS) for all scenarios used. The findings confirmed that the FDDI Hybrid Ring scenario presents better performance than the FDDI Hybrid Star Scenario and FDDI scenario in terms of WLAN delay, WLAN load, FTP download response time, and HTTP object response time.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 911-918
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Particle swarm optimization-based stator resistance observer for speed sensorless induction motor drive

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp815-826
Sang Dang Ho , Petr Palacky , Martin Kuchar , Pavel Brandstetter , Cuong Dinh Tran
This paper presents a different technique for the online stator resistance estimation using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm for rotor flux oriented control schemes of induction motor drives without a rotor speed sensor. First, a conventional proportional-integral controller-based stator resistance estimation technique is used for a speed sensorless control scheme with two different model reference adaptive system (MRAS) concepts. Finally, a novel method for the stator resistance estimation based on the PSO algorithm is presented for the two MRAS-type observers. Simulation results in the Matlab/Simulink environment show good adaptability of the proposed estimation model while the stator resistance is varied to 200% of the nominal value. The results also confirm more accurate stator resistance and rotor speed estimation in comparison with the conventional technique.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 815-826
Publish at: 2021-02-01
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