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31,456 Article Results

Finding the discriminative frequencies of motor electroencephalography signal using genetic algorithm

10.12928/telkomnika.v19i1.17884
Shaima Miqdad Mohamed; Northen Technical University Najeeb , Haider Th. Salim Al; Wasit University Rikabi , Shaima Mohammed; Northen Technical University Ali
A crucial part of the brain-computer interface is a classification of electroencephalography (EEG) motor tasks. Artifacts such as eye and muscle movements corrupt EEG signal and reduce the classification performance. Many studies try to extract not redundant and discriminative features from EEG signals. Therefore, this study proposed a signal preprocessing and feature extraction method for EEG classification. It consists of removing the artifacts by using discrete fourier transform (DFT) as an ideal filter for specific frequencies. It also cross-correlates the EEG channels with the effective channels to emphases the EEG motor signals. Then the resultant from cross correlation are statistical calculated to extract feature for classifying a left and right finger movements using support vector machine (SVM). The genetic algorithm was applied to find the discriminative frequencies of DFT for the two EEG classes signal. The performance of the proposed method was determined by finger movement classification of 13 subjects and the experiments show that the average accuracy is above 93 percent.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 285-292
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Enhanced sunflower optimization for placement distributed generation in distribution system

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp107-113
Thuan Thanh Nguyen
Installation of distribution generation (DG) in the distribution system gains many technical benefits. To obtain more benefits, the location and size of DG must be selected with the appropriate values. This paper presents a method for optimizing location and size of DG in the distribution system based on enhanced sunflower optimization (ESFO) to minimize power loss of the system. In which, based on the operational mechanisms of the original sunflower optimization (SFO), a mutation technique is added for updating the best plant. The calculated results on the 33 nodes test system have shown that ESFO has proficiency for determining the best location and size of DG with higher quality than SFO. The compared results with the previous methods have also shown that ESFO outperforms to other methods in term of power loss reduction. As a result, ESFO is a reliable approach for the DG optimization problem.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 107-113
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Optimizing RPL performance based on the selection of best route between child and root node using E-MHOF method

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp224-231
Ahmed R. Zarzoor
IETF has proposed the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) for IOT as view as light weight routing protocol. In RPL, the objective function (OF) is used to select the best route between child and root node. Several researches have been conducted in order to, enhance OF according to number parameters such as number of hops, remaining energy and expected number of transmissions (ETX), without a consideration to other challenges such as congestion node problem and latency. So, to overcome these challenges a new technique called “Enhance-Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MHOF)” is proposed in this paper, to select the ideal path between the child and root node. The technique is consisted of three layers: parent selection layer in which parent is selected based on three parameters (ETX, RSSI and nodes’ residual energy), path selection layer in which the best route is chosen according to the minimum of (average ETX value) and maximum of (average remaining energy value) of all nodes in the selected route. The last layer is child node minimization, which utilized to solve the congestion node energy problem by using two parameters (RSSI reference and threshold value). The proposed method has been implemented and evaluated by using Cooja simulator software. The simulation results have shown that selected path with E-MHOF is increased the network lifetime and reduced latency in comparison with MHOF.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 224-231
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Comparing canopy density measurement from UAV and hemispherical photography: an evaluation for medium resolution of remote sensing-based mapping

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp356-364
Deha Agus Umarhadi , Projo Danoedoro
UAV and hemispherical photography are common methods used in canopy density measurement. These two methods have opposite viewing angles where hemispherical photography measures canopy density upwardly, while UAV captures images downwardly. This study aims to analyze and compare both methods to be used as the input data for canopy density estimation when linked with a lower spatial resolution of remote sensing data i.e. Landsat image. We correlated the field data of canopy density with vegetation indices (NDVI, MSAVI, and AFRI) from Landsat-8. The canopy density values measured from UAV and hemispherical photography displayed a strong relationship with 0.706 coefficient of correlation. Further results showed that both measurements can be used in canopy density estimation using satellite imagery based on their high correlations with Landsat-based vegetation indices. The highest correlation from downward and upward measurement appeared when linked with NDVI with a correlation of 0.962 and 0.652, respectively. Downward measurement using UAV exhibited a higher relationship compared to hemispherical photography. The strong correlation between UAV data and Landsat data is because both are captured from the vertical direction, and 30 m pixel of Landsat is a downscaled image of the aerial photograph. Moreover, field data collection can be easily conducted by deploying drone to cover inaccessible sample plots.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 356-364
Publish at: 2021-02-01

A two-stage power amplifier design for ultra-wideband applications

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp772-779
Idrees S. Al-Kofahi , Zaid Albataineh , Ahmad Dagamseh
In this paper, a two-stage 0.18 μm CMOS power amplifier (PA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) 3 to 5 GHz based on common source inductive degeneration with an auxiliary amplifier is proposed. In this proposal, an auxiliary amplifier is used to place the 2nd harmonic in the core amplified in order to make up for the gain progression phenomena at the main amplifier output node. Simulation results show a power gain of 16 dB with a gain flatness of 0.4 dB and an input 1 dB compression of about -5 dBm from 3 to 5 GHz using a 1.8 V power supply consuming 25 mW. Power added efficiency (PAE) of around 47% at 4 GHz with 50 Ω load impedance was also observed.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 772-779
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Design of a miniaturized wideband disc monopole antenna used in RFID systems

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp994-1004
Sufyan Hazzaa Ali , Ahmed Hameed Reja , Yousif Azzawi Hachim
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an important wireless technology which utilizes radio frequencies (RFs) for exchanging data between two or more points (tags and readers), that represent an automatic identification (Auto-ID) system. This paper introduces an omnidirectional microstrip antenna operates at 2.45 GHz used for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The length of the proposed antenna is 36.5 mm and the width is 27 mm. The substrate material which has been used as a base of antenna is FR4 that has dielectric constant value of 4.3 and dielectric thickness value of 1.6 mm. Regarding the resonance frequency, return loss of the proposed antenna design is -34.8 dB. A promising directivity outcome of 2.8 dB has been achieved with omnidirectional radiation pattern as well as an acceptable efficiency of 66%. The proposed antenna design accomplishes a wideband frequency of 1.21 GHz in the frequency range of (2.14  3.35) GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software has been used for implementing the proposed antenna design. The antenna design fabricatation and its characteristics have been measured using vector network analyzer (type MS4642A). The obtained results of the experimental design achieve a little bit differences as compared with the simulation results
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 994-1004
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Enhanced space vector modulated scalar control of induction motor

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp707-713
Ramana Vasu. R , George Fernandez S. , Vijayakumar K.
A conventional vector control of the asynchronous machine makes an analogy of an equivalent separately excited DC machine. It offers a decoupled control of torque and flux which is perpendicular to each other hence one vector is not interfered by other parameters. So, torque and speed control is achieved in an isolated manner even though they are closely interlinked. This is implemented by aligning the rotor flux with the direct axis of the synchronously rotating reference frame. PI controllers play a key role to achieve the desired topology of the VFD. Three controllers are used in the system, flux, speed and torque controller. Tuning of flux controller is quite simple, but in case of speed and torque, it became quite tricky because the output of the speed controller is the reference signal of torque controller. Moreover, there is no distinct method to tune the controllers in the vector control system. Still, the entire high-performance dynamic response of the machine depends on the perfect tuning of those controllers. From the above analysis, it is understood that system identification is essential to tune the PI controllers. But being an asynchronous machine, to obtain system transfer function in a decoupled manner is very difficult. To overcome this problem, the proposed model will be Conventional sine PWM modulated switching pulses are used to implement variable frequency drives for induction motor. Space vector modulated PWM switching pulse is used to fire IGBT. In the case of sine, PWM modulated switching; DC bus voltage utilization is 50% whereas in space vector modulated inverter 57.73% DC Bus voltage utilization can be achieved.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 707-713
Publish at: 2021-02-01

V2X communication system with non-orthogonal multiple access: outage performance perspective

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp854-864
Tu-Trinh Nguyen , Dinh-Thuan Do
To achieve low-latency and high-reliability (LLHR) for applications in the vehicle-toeverything (V2X) networks, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based is introduced a promising technology. NOMA-V2X provides higher spectrum efficiency compared with the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) based V2X. This study propose two-way relay assisted NOMA-V2X transmission by exploiting amplify-and-forward (AF) and full-duplex. We derive expressions of outage probability to evaluate performance of two vehicles and to improve the quality of service (QoS) for the device with the poor channel conditions. These expressions are further verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 854-864
Publish at: 2021-02-01

SQL injection attacks countermeasures assessments

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1121-1131
Mamdouh Alenezi , Muhammad Nadeem , Raja Asif
SQL injections attacks have been rated as the most dangerous vulnerability of web-based systems over more than a decade by OWASP top ten. Though different static, runtime and hybrid approaches have been proposed to counter SQL injection attacks, no single approach guarantees flawless prevention/ detection for these attacks. Hundreds of components of open source and commercial software products are reported to be vulnerable for SQL injection to CVE repository every year. In this mapping study, we identify different existing approaches in terms of the cost of computation and protection offered. We found that most of the existing techniques claim to offer protection based on the testing on a very small or limited scale. This study dissects each proposed approach and highlights their strengths and weaknesses and categorizes them based on the underlying technology used to detect or counter the injection attacks.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 1121-1131
Publish at: 2021-02-01

A hybrid feature selection on AIRS method for identifying breast cancer diseases

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp728-735
Achmad Ridok , Nashi Widodo , Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy , Muhaimin Rifa’i
Breast cancer may cause a death due to the late diagnosis. A cheap and accurate tool for early detection of this disease is essential to prevent fatal incidence. In general, the cheap and less invasive method to diagnose the disease could be done by biopsy using fine needle aspirates from breast tissue. However, rapid and accurate identification of the cancer cell pattern from the cell biopsy is still challenging task. This diagnostic tool can be developed using machine learning as a classification problem. The performance of the classifier depends on the interrelationship between sample sizes, some features, and classifier complexity. Thus, the removal of some irrelevant features may increase classification accuracy. In this study, a new hybrid feature selection fast correlation based feature (FCBF) and information gain (IG) was used to select features on identifying breast cancer using AIRS algorithm. The results of 10 times the crossing (CF) of our validation on various AIRS seeds indicate that the proposed method can achieve the best performance with accuracy =0.9797 and AUC=0.9777 at k=6 and seed=50.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 728-735
Publish at: 2021-02-01

An end to end key establishment scheme for detecting black hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1193-1200
Baban Ahmed Mahmood , Aso Ahmed Majeed , Ahmed Chalak Shakir
The wireless technology is in consistent and rapid development in this century such that it produces fast data rate and strong connectivity. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an independent network wherein nodes function as both host and router. Routing protocols in MANET are prone to different attacks. Malicious nodes usually interfere the process of establishing routes and make it hard to build a valid route. In the literature, different mechanisms proposed to prohibit black hole attacks in which an adversary node blindly drops data packets. In this paper, a study is fulfilled of the advantages and disadvantages of some of the protocols presented in the literature and a novel method proposed that detects black hole attacks. A thorough, precise, and theoretical analysis is presented to show how the proposed method can prevent malicious nodes from impersonating benign nodes. A theoretical compareison conducted between the proposed method and some of the other methods presented in the literature. The comparison shows that the attacks exist on these protocols are detected and prevented by the proposed protocol.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 1193-1200
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Multi-user media streaming service for e-learning based web real-time communication technology

10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp567-574
Naktal Edan , Sanabil A. Mahmood
Web real-time communication (WebRTC) standards do not define precisely how two browsers establish and control their communication. Therefore, a signalling mechanism/protocol has not specified in WebRTC. The essential goal of this research is to create and apply a WebRTC bi-directional video conferencing based on mesh topology (many-to-many) using Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and Explorer. This experiment involved through Ethernet and Wireless of the Internet and 4G networks in e-learning. The signalling mechanism of this experiment has been created and implemented using JavaScript language along with MultiConnection libraries. In addition, an evaluation of quality of experience (QoE), resources, such as bandwidth consumption, and CPU performance was done. In this paper, a novel implementation was accomplished over e-learning using different networks, different browsers, many peers, opening one or many rooms concurrently, defining room initiator, sharing the information of the new user with participants, using user identification (user-id), and so on. Moreover, the paper also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using WebRTC video conferencing.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 567-574
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Quality and energy optimized scheduling technique for executing scientific workload in cloud computing environment

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1039-1047
Nagendra Prasad S , Subash Kulkarni S
Modern BigData data-intensive and scientific workload execution is challenging. The major issues are reliable processing, performance efficiency and energy efficacy perquisite of BigData processing framework. This work assume self-aware MC architectures that autonomously adjust or optimize their performance to accommodate users quality of service (QoS) performance requirement, job execution performance, energy efficiency, and resource accessibility. Extensive workload scheduling has been presented to minimize energy consumption in cloud computing (CC) environment. However, the existing workload scheduling model induces higher amount of interaction cost between inter-processors communications. Further, due to poor resource utilization, routing inefficiency these existing model induces higher energy cost and fails to meet workload QoS prerequisite. For overcoming research challenges, this paper presented quality and energy optimized scheduling (QEOS) technique for executing data-intensive workload by employing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique. Experiment outcome shows QEOS model attains good trade-off between system performance and energy consumption in multi-core cloud computing (CC) architectures when compared with existing model.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 1039-1047
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Performance evaluation of PV penetration at different locations in a LV distribution network connected with an off-load tap changing transformer

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp987-993
Dilini Almeida , Jagadeesh Pasupuleti , Janaka Ekanayake
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a worldwide remarkable growth in recent years. In order to achieve the increasing energy demand, a large number of residential PV units are connected to the low voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, high integration of solar PV could cause negative impacts on distribution grids leading to violations of limits and standards. The voltage rise has been recognized as one of the major implications of increased PV integration, which could significantly restrict the capacity of the distribution network to support higher PV penetration levels. This study addresses the performance of the off-load tap changing transformer under high solar PV penetration and a detailed analysis has been carried out to examine the maximum allowable PV penetration at discrete tap positions of the transformer. The maximum PV penetration has been determined by ensuring that all nodal voltages adhere to grid voltage statutory limits. The simulation results demonstrate that the first two tap positions could be adopted to control the grid voltage under higher PV penetrations thus facilitating further PV influx into the existing network.
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 987-993
Publish at: 2021-02-01

Multiloop low bandwidth communication-based power sharing control for microgrids

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp682-690
Erum Pathan , Afarulrazi Abu Bakar , Mubashir Hayat Khan , Muhammad Asad , Haider Arshad
In parallel-connected inverter-based microgrids, the reactive power sharing accuracy can not have satisfactory results effortlessly. Mismatch in feeder impedances of the parallel-connected inverter-based microgrids is a significant cause of inaccurate reactive power-sharing. In voltage source inverters (VSI) based microgrids, especially for the islanded mode of operation, the conventional centralized or decentralized control techniques are not much helpful to control the voltage deviations due to impedance mismatch. Mismatch of the feeder impedance is compensated by the addition of fixed virtual impedance. Whereas, the change in the virtual impedance is compensated by adaptive virtual impedance-based control techniques which are helpful to mitigate power-sharing errors, but in most of the control schemes virtual impedance-based control mechanism needs pre-knowledge of feeder impedance which increases the computational burden. This paper presents a decentralized virtual impedance-based power sharing control. In the proposed control solution to mitigate reactive power sharing errors in distributed generation (DG) units, mismatch of the parallel-connected feeder impedance is equalized by regulating the addition of equivalent impedance to each DG inverter. Proposed control technique offers an independent implementation without any pre-knowledge of the feeder impedance. Hence, the implementation of the control scheme is a straightforward and computational burden is also reduced. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the control scheme. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page: 682-690
Publish at: 2021-02-01
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