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Early detection of breast cancer using mammography images and software engineering process

10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.14718
Muayad Sadik; University of Technology-Iraq Croock , Saja Dhyaa; University of Technology-Iraq Khuder , Ayad Esho; University of Technology-Iraq Korial , Sahar Salman; University of Technology-Iraq Mahmood
The breast cancer has affected a wide region of women as a particular case. Therefore, different researchers have focused on the early detection of this disease to overcome it in efficient way. In this paper, an early breast cancer detection system has been proposed based on mammography images. The proposed system adopts deep-learning technique to increase the accuracy of detection. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model is considered for preparing the datasets of training and test. It is important to note that the software engineering process model has been adopted in constructing the proposed algorithm. This is to increase the reliably, flexibility and extendibility of the system. The user interfaces of the system are designed as a website used at country side general purpose (GP) health centers for early detection to the disease under lacking in specialist medical staff. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed system in terms of accuracy up to more than 90% and decrease the efforts of medical staff as well as helping the patients. As a conclusion, the proposed system can help patients by early detecting the breast cancer at far places from hospital and referring them to nearest specialist center.
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Page: 1784-1794
Publish at: 2020-08-01

A progressive domain expansion method for solving optimal control problem

10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.15047
Olalekan; Kwara State University Ogunbiyi , Oludare Y.; Federal University of Petroleum Resources Ogundepo , Madugu I.; Kano State University of Science and Technology Wudi Sani , Cornelius; Achievers University Thomas , Benjamin J.; University of Ilorin Olufeagba
Electricity generation at the hydropower stations in Nigeria has been below the expected value. While the hydro stations have a capacity to generate up to 2,380 MW, the daily average energy generated in 2017 was estimated at around 846 MW. A factor responsible for this is the lack of a proper control system to manage the transfer of resources between the cascaded Kainji-Jebba Hydropower stations operating in tandem. This paper addressed the optimal regulation of the operating head of the Jebba hydropower reservoir in the presence of system constraints, flow requirement and environmental factors that are weather-related. The resulting two-point boundary value problem was solved using the progressive expansion of domain technique as against the shooting or multiple shooting techniques. The results provide the optimal inflow required to keep the operating head of the Jebba reservoir at a nominal level, hence ensuring that the maximum number of turbo-alternator units are operated.
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Page: 2062-2069
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Machine learning based lightweight interference mitigation scheme for wireless sensor network

10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.14879
Ali; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Suzain , Rozeha A.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Rashid , M. A.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Sarijari , A. Shahidan; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Abdullah , Omar A.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Aziz
The interference issue is most vibrant on low-powered networks like wireless sensor network (WSN). In some cases, the heavy interference on WSN from different technologies and devices result in life threatening situations. In this paper, a machine learning (ML) based lightweight interference mitigation scheme for WSN is proposed. The scheme detects and identifies heterogeneous interference like Wifi, bluetooth and microwave oven using a lightweight feature extraction method and ML lightweight decision tree. It also provides WSN an adaptive interference mitigation solution by helping to choose packet scheduling, Acknowledgement (ACK)-retransmission or channel switching as the best countermeasure. The scheme is simulated with test data to evaluate the accuracy performance and the memory consumption. Evaluation of the proposed scheme’s memory profile shows a 14% memory saving compared to a fast fourier transform (FFT) based periodicity estimation technique and 3% less memory compared to logistic regression-based ML model, hence proving the scheme is lightweight. The validation test shows the scheme has a high accuracy at 95.24%. It shows a precision of 100% in detecting WiFi and microwave oven interference while a 90% precision in detecting bluetooth interference.
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Page: 1762-1770
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+ and Na(Mg2–xMnX)LiSi4O10F2:Mn phosphors: a suitable selection for enhancing color quality and luminous flux of remote white light-emitting diodes

10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.13723
Nguyen Thi Phuong; Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology Loan , Nguyen Doan Quoc; Ton Duc Thang University Anh
This study proposed the TRP, a remote phosphor structure that has 3 phosphor layers, to ehance the chromatic quality and lumen output for white light-emitting diodes devices (WLEDs). The arrangment of phosphor layers is yellow YAG:Ce3+ phosphor, green Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+ phosphor, and red Na(Mg2–xMnX)LiSi4O10F2:Mn phosphor from bottom to top. Red Na(Mg2–xMnX)LiSi4O10F2:Mn phosphor is used for the red light component to boost color rendering index (CRI). The green layer Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+ phosphor is utilized for the green light component to produce higher luminous flux (LF). With the addition of red and green phosphor, the yellow YAG:Ce3+ concentration must decrease to maintain the 6000 K color temperature. The research results show that red phosphor Na(Mg2–xMnX)LiSi4O10F2:Mn concentration is beneficial for CRI, while green phosphor Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+ is detrimental to CRI. Morever, CQS reaction with red and green phosphor is also studied, which show notable improvement when Na(Mg2–xMnX)LiSi4O10F2:Mn concentration is from 10%-14%, regardless of Na3Ce(PO4)2:Tb3+. The luminous flux (LF) can also increase for more than 40% with the reduced light loss and added green phosphor. Research results are valuable references for producers to enhance the color quality and the light emission of WLEDs.
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Page: 2095-2100
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Daily predictions of solar radiation utilizing genetic programming techniques

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp900-905
Rahima Ummi Kulsum Nadya , Ali Najah Ahmed , Abdoulhdi A. Borhana , N. A. Mardhiah , Amr El-Shafie , Ahmed El-Shafie
The solar radiation prediction in Kuala Terengganu located in Terengganu, Malaysia was investigated in this study to improve the solar system design. Solar radiation data and number of parameters such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Malaysia MMD. In order to predict the solar radiation, Genetic Programming Techniques (GP) models were develop and tested. Two scenarios were considered in this study in order to validate the efficiency of the proposed model. Coefficients of determination (R2) for the solar radiation during training and testing phases were ranged between 0.99402 to 0.98934 for all months of the year. This study confirms the ability of GP to predict solar radiation values precisely and accurately. The predictions from the GP models could enable scientists to locate and design solar energy systems in Malaysia.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 900-905
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Improved service governance in notary administration system through multi channel access implementation

10.11591/ijict.v9i2.pp105-116
A.A. Kompiang Oka Sudana , Ni Kadek Giofanni Chandra Devi , I Made Suwija Putra
Notary is an official authorized to make an authentic deed regarding all deeds, agreements and stipulations required by a general rule. Activities carried out at the notary office such as recording client data and file data still use traditional systems that tend to be manual. The problem that occurs is the inefficiency in data processing and providing information to clients. Clients have difficulty getting information related to the progress of documents that are being taken care of at the notary's office. The client must take the time to arrive to the notary's office repeatedly to check the progress of the work of the document file. The purpose of this study is to facilitate clients in obtaining information about the progress of the work in progress, and make it easier for employees to process incoming documents by implementing an administrative system. This system was developed with the waterfall system development method and uses the Multi-Channel Access Technology integrated in the website to simplify the process of delivering information and requesting information from clients and to clients with Telegram and SMS Gateway. Clients will come to the office only when there is a notification from the system via Telegram or SMS notifying that the client must come directly to the notary's office, thus leading to an efficient time and avoiding excessive transportation costs. The overall functional system can function properly based on the results of alpha testing. The results of beta testing conducted by distributing the system feasibility test questionnaire to end users, get a percentage of 96% of users agree the system is feasible to be implemented.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 105-116
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Dynamic assessment effect on speaking performance of Indonesian EFL learners

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20466
Fahmi Fahmi , Bambang Widi Pratolo , Nurul Amalia Zahruni
The research concerned the application of Dynamic Assessment (DA) in English Language Teaching (ELT) which based on Vygotsky’s theory, namely Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The research was meant to investigate the effect of DA in improving teaching and learning speaking in Indonesia especially English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in university. The research was conducted using a qualitative method by involving four Indonesian university learners in the first semester. The participants received the same treatments through pre-test and self-reflection, feedback and knowledge expansion, post-test and self-reflection, post-feedback, and semi-structured interviews. The instruments were used to analyze the learners’ non-fluency and mastery problem. The analysis showed that the learners’ speaking performance was improved after experiencing DA sessions. The results of the test and self-reflection showed significant improvement in their speaking. The finding showed some positive effects of DA on EFL learners’ speaking performance. In interviews, learners showed positive experiences and attitude toward DA since it served them a comfortable, structured, practical, and meaningful platform to recognize their speaking behavior, weaknesses, strength, and needs. Furthermore, it also helped them to get the objective feedbacks with less anxiety. The researchers conclude that DA can be applied as a primary alternative assessment in English speaking practices.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 778-790
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Semi-supervised learning approach using modified self-training algorithm to counter burst header packet flooding attack in optical burst switching network

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4340-4351
Md. Kamrul Hossain , Md. Mokammel Haque
Burst header packet flooding is an attack on optical burst switching (OBS) network which may cause denial of service. Application of machine learning technique to detect malicious nodes in OBS network is relatively new. As finding sufficient amount of labeled data to perform supervised learning is difficult, semi-supervised method of learning (SSML) can be leveraged. In this paper, we studied the classical self-training algorithm (ST) which uses SSML paradigm. Generally, in ST, the available true-labeled data (L) is used to train a base classifier. Then it predicts the labels of unlabeled data (U). A portion from the newly labeled data is removed from U based on prediction confidence and combined with L. The resulting data is then used to re-train the classifier. This process is repeated until convergence. This paper proposes a modified self-training method (MST). We trained multiple classifiers on L in two stages and leveraged agreement among those classifiers to determine labels. The performance of MST was compared with ST on several datasets and significant improvement was found. We applied the MST on a simulated OBS network dataset and found very high accuracy with a small number of labeled data. Finally we compared this work with some related works.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 4340-4351
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Color moment and gray level co-occurrence matrix in classification of soil organic matter for patchouli plantation

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp983-991
Candra Dewi , Akbar Grahadhuita , Lailil Muflikhah
Patchouli is one of the essential plants that have the most potential and widely cultivated in Indonesia. Patchouli is greedily absorbing soil nutrients and organic matter. Therefore, the selection of soil with high organic matter will maximize the patchouli’s productivity. This paper aims to facilitate soil’s organic matter identification by classifying soil image based on the combination of color and texture features. The color feature extraction was done using the Color Moments method and the texture feature was done using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method. The selection of features was performed to obtain the best combination of color and texture features. The selected features then was used as input of classification by using modified K-nearest neighbor (MKNN). The samples of soil that used as data were taken from several districts in Blitar, East Java province. The testing result of this research showed the highest accuracy of 93,33% by using 180 training data, and also particular color and texture feature combination.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 983-991
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Speech enhancement using modified wiener filter based MMSE and speech presence probability estimation

10.11591/ijict.v9i2.pp63-72
V. Vijayasari Bolisetty , U. Yedukondalu , I. Santiprabha
In the present-day communications speech signals get contaminated due to various sorts of noises that degrade the speech quality and adversely impacts speech recognition performance. To overcome these issues, a novel approach for speech enhancement using Modified Wiener filtering is developed and power spectrum computation is applied for degraded signal to obtain the noise characteristics from a noisy spectrum. In next phase, MMSE technique is applied where Gaussian distribution of each signal i.e. original and noisy signal is analyzed. The Gaussian distribution provides spectrum estimation and spectral coefficient parameters which can be used for probabilistic model formulation. Moreover, a-priori-SNR computation is also incorporated for coefficient updation and noise presence estimation which operates similar to the conventional VAD. However, conventional VAD scheme is based on the hard threshold which is not capable to derive satisfactory performance and a soft-decision based threshold is developed for improving the performance of speech enhancement. An extensive simulation study is carried out using MATLAB simulation tool on NOIZEUS speech database and a comparative study is presented where proposed approach is proved better in comparison with existing technique.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 63-72
Publish at: 2020-08-01

End-to-end performance of DF multihop hybrid RF/FSO system using MPPM coding and MIMO technique under dependent GG turbulence channels

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp811-818
Hechmi Saidi , Noureddine Hamdi
The paper presents a BER analysis for hybrid radio frequency/multihop free space optics, known as RF/FSO, communication system benefiting from multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration but impaired by gamma-gamma, known as GG, turbulence. Authors deploy Multiple Pulse Position Modulation, known as M-PPM, like a signaling technique. Furthermore, the exact as well as approximated amounts of symbol-error rates, known as SERs, are both judged in this work. A closed form formula related to the whole probability density function, called PDF, for our designed system is derived. Such interesting approach provides to us better quality of service by combating atmospheric turbulence.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 811-818
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Suicidal thoughts among university students: The role of mattering, state self-esteem and depression level

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20587
Kususanto Ditto Prihadi , Charon Y.S. Wong , Erina Y.V. Chong , Kate Y.X. Chong
The protective role of mattering on suicide ideation among university students was examined. Our study is grounded in the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, which led to a hypothesis that between depression levels and state self-esteem has significant serial multiple mediating effects on the relationship between mattering and suicide ideation. University students from various nationality who study in Indonesia and Malaysia (n=509) responded to General Mattering Scale, State Self-Esteem Scale, Beck’s Depression Inventory, and Suicide Ideation Attributes Scale, as well as demographic details including their gender, spirituality, education, birth order and nationality. The result of Bootstrap analyses with 95% confident interval from 5000 samples suggested that the serial mediation partially occurred to the link between mattering and suicide ideation.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 494-502
Publish at: 2020-08-01

A systematic review of photovoice as participatory action research strategies

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20581
Nadi Suprapto , Titin Sunarti , Suliyanah Suliyanah , Desi Wulandari , Hasan Nuurul Hidayaatullaah , Alif Syaiful Adam , Husni Mubarok
Photovoice research is conducted by researchers to communicate images or photographs, and it has high confidence in analyzing the value, story or meaning of an image. Several previous studies that examined photovoice as a research strategy were analyzed and reviewed. This systematic review used an article selection process. It was defining the purpose, conducting a literature search, pulling articles by reading abstracts, reading the full paper, data abstraction, and conducting an analysis. The photovoice article selection was classified into education, health, and social science domain. Finally, forty-one articles have been reviewed with the total of participants involved ranged from five to fifty individuals. The majority of research method in the articles was participatory action research (PAR) through qualitative inquiry or field visits. Meanwhile, the research instruments used photography, documentation, observation, and interviews. In various fields of research, photovoice is able to increase the understanding of individuals or groups to interpret the content of an image or photo.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 675-683
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Design an active verification mechanism for certificates revocation in OCSP for internet authentication

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4208-4216
Khalid Fazaa Mahmmod , Mohammed Muzahem Azeez , Zeyad Hashem Ismael
No doubt that data security online is crucial. Therefore, great attention has been paid to that aspect by companies and organizations given its economic and social implications. Thus, online certificate status protocol (OCSP) is considered one of the most prominent protocol functioning in this field, which offers a prompt support for certificates online. In this research, a model designed based on field programable gate array (FPGA) using Merkel’s tree has been proposed to overcome the delay that might have occurred in sorting and authentication of certificates. Having adopted this model and with the assistance of Hash function algorithm, more than 50% of certificates have been processed in comparison with standard protocol. Moreover, certificates have been provided with substantial storage space with high throughput. Basically, Hash function algorithm has been designed to arrange and specify a site of verified or denied certificates within time of validity to protect servers from intrusion and clients from using applications with harmful contents.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 4208-4216
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Pre-service teachers’ application of understanding by design in lesson planning

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20491
Jr., Ricardo Lumbreras , William H. Rupley
This study focused on preservice secondary teacher’s use of the Understanding by Design (UbD), framework to create effective, engaging lessons for their future secondary level students. The subjects consisted of 69 secondary pre-service secondary education majors at a Texas University who were enrolled in a required course for admission into the teacher education program. Pre-posttest surveys of lesson knowledge design were administered to all subjects. Comparing pre- posttest results revealed that knowledge of lesson design showed improvement and knowledge gain in the following areas: concepts and vocabulary; unpacking standards; use of verbs from the standards; rigor; content objectives; formative assessment and summative assessment. The analyses made use of descriptive statistics and descriptions.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 594-599
Publish at: 2020-08-01
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