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Ground improvement using granular pile anchor system: resistance to heave and uplift pressure

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp403-411
Alvin John Lim Meng Siang , Ehab Hamad Sfoog , Nahla Naji , Sim Sy Yi , Nickholas Anting Anak Guntor , Joewono Prasetijo
Expansive soil is found in many parts of the world where its major drawback is its expansion and shrinking property upon moisture absorption and drying during alternation of rainy-dry seasons. Due to its swelling-shrinkage repeated process, fatigue and distress cause crack to structures. Granular pile anchor (GPA) system is a pioneering technique that is utilised in reinforcing these expansive soils. Granular pile anchor (GPA) system is a pioneering technique that is utilised in reinforcing expansive soils. The GPA provides tensile resistance which arrest the exerted upward forces and hence reducing heave. Previous investigations have only focused on load-displacement relationships by utilizing the pull-out technique. In this technique, an external force pulls the GPA and the corresponding displacements are recorded. The results provide indication of the GPA resistance to the applied force. However, in real conditions the heave and expansion forces were developed as a result of the pressure caused by the water absorption which pushes the entire soil bed in the upward direction along with the GPA. Therefore, this paper is aimed to explore this concept by carrying experimental and numerical investigations on a small scale model for a single pile with a diameter of 4 cm, with lengths of 20 and 40 cm. Ultimately, the reinforced soil exhibits reduction in upward force and heave compared to the unreinforced soil. Also, verifications for the testing shows that the relationship between the upward force and heave exhibits almost linear relationship for both experimental and numerical investigations. Therefore, shallow foundations incorporated with a GPA system proves to effectively lessen the heave that occurs in expansive soils which in turn can solve problems for constructions.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 403-411
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Secure vehicle to vehicle voice chat based MQTT and CoAP internet of things protocol

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp526-534
Noor A. Hussein , Mohamed Ibrahim. Shujaa
The congestion of road traffic is one of the most problems facing the ambulance transportation to provide fast healthcare service for patient. In this work, ambulance tracking with messages transfer system has been designed and implemented such that a central monitoring and tracking unit can observe ambulance using MQTT IoT protocol. Where each vehicle is occupied with an intelligent embedded system (Raspberry Pi) unit. When an ambulance is being in the road, it will communicate with other vehicle or road traffic by means of CoAP IoT protocol as a direct device to device communication. The proposed system has been designed such that driver use voice chat and the system are completely hand free. The voice message is being transfer into text by using speech recognition based Google API library, and then the received text message is converted again to speech by using text to speech algorithm. An encryption–decryption process-based stream cipher has been used. The message between IoT nodes has been encrypted using One Time Pad (OTP) and DNA computing. Furthermore, the required key sequence was generated using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) as a pseudo number key generator. This key sequence was combined to generate a unique key for each message.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 526-534
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Fast and robust approach for data security in communication channel using pascal matrix

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp248-256
Oday Kamil Hamid , Riyadh Bassil Abduljabbar , Nazar Jabbar Alhyani
This paper present the fast and robust approach of English text encryption and decryption based on Pascal matrix. The technique of encryption the Arabic or English text or both and show the result when apply this method on plain text (original message) and how will form the intelligible plain text to be unintelligible plain text in order to secure information from unauthorized access and from steel information, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random enecryption key generated by an algorithm. All this done by using Pascal matrix. Encryption and decryption are done by using MATLAB as programming language and notepad ++to write the input text.This paper present the fast and robust approach of English text encryption and decryption based on Pascal matrix. The technique of encryption the Arabic or English text or both and show the result when apply this method on plain text (original message) and how will form the intelligible plain text to be unintelligible plain text in order to secure information from unauthorized access and from steel information, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random encryption key generated by an algorithm. All this done by using Pascal matrix. Encryption and decryption are done by using MATLAB as programming language and notepad ++to write the input text.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 248-256
Publish at: 2020-07-01

A comprehensive review for optimal placement of phasor measurement unit for network observability

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp301-308
Maveeya Baba , Nursyarizal .B.M. Nor , Taib.B. Ibrahim , M.Aman. Sheikh
Real time synchronized phasor measurement in power network is obtained by the improvement in monitoring, control and, protection of the power system. In recent time, the installation ratio of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is constantly increasing for the real time measurement throughout worldwide. The increment in the number of PMU installation is to only focus on the improvement of system state estimation (SE) performance. However, the expensive nature of the metering device requires huge amount of installation cost with the other communication facilities, therefore an optimal placement of PMU is necessary. Different techniques have been designed and used to overcome this matter. The paper presents numerous optimization algorithms such as, Mathematical programming, Heuristic, and Meta-Heuristic techniques which are specially used for the optimization of PMU placement with complete network observability. Furthermore, each PMU technique is explained, and performances are compared for the most appropriate and optimal placement of PMU methods, which can be recommended for a future work to get complete network observability.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 301-308
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Smart soil monitoring and water conservation using irrigation on technology

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp99-107
George Fernandez s , Vijayakumar K , Kalyanasundaram V , Vidyasagar S , Selvakumar K , Selvabharathi D , Palanisamy R
The conventional system of irrigation how efficient and well managed it may be wastes up to 50% of the water supplied. purpose of this paper is to provide a user-oriented and standalone irrigation solution for soil monitoring and water conservation, based on network of sensor. Using the input from the user the system will act automatically. It not only reduce the water waste but also is cost efficient and easy to operate. Different parameters like soil moisture, temperature and humidity are imported in order to calculate the efficient quantity of water needed. This system uses different sensors like soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor to take required data. In this paper, the proposed project uses sensor having low power consumption reducing load overall. The system also stores the input and uses it for forecasting. The concept of IoT is implied in this paper. The control of motors are automated powered by solar panels. The data is stored in table format. All data is accessible via internet. This system can help the user to gain vital data about the fields irrespective of the weather condition.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 99-107
Publish at: 2020-07-01

A comparison on two discordancy tests to detect outlier in von mises (VM) sample

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp156-163
Fatin Najihah Badarisam , Adzhar Rambli , Mohammad Illyas Sidik
This paper focuses on comparing two discordancy tests between robust and non-robust statistic to detect a single outlier in univariate circular data. So far, to the best author knowledge that there is no literature make a comparison between both tests of RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic. The test statistics are based on the circular median and spacing theory. In addition, those statistics can detect multiple and patches outliers. The performance tests of RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic are tested in outlier proportion of correct detection, masking and swamping effect. At the beginning stage, we obtained the cut-off points for the RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic by applying Monte Carlo simulation studies. Then, generated sample from von Mises (VM) with the combination of sample size and concentration parameter. The estimating process of cut-off points for both statistics is repeated 3000 times at 10%, 5% and 1% upper percentiles. As a result, the RCDu Statistic perform well in detecting a correct single outlier. Moreover, the RCDu Statistic has a lower masking rate compared to 𝐺1 Statistic.  However, the 𝐺1 Statistic is better than RCDu Statistic for swamping effect due to a lower swamping rate. Thus, RCDu Statistic performs better than 𝐺1 Statistic in detecting a single outlier for von Mises (VM) sample. As an illustration, both statistics were applied to the real data set from a conducted experiments series to investigate the northen cricket frogs homing ability.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 156-163
Publish at: 2020-07-01

New compact multiband inverted-L frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp267-275
Abdullah Ali Jabber , Raad H. Thaher
This paper presents, new compact and multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications. A UWB sensing and reconfigurable communicating antennas are contained at the same substrate, where the UWB sensing antenna is an elliptical printed monopole antenna operates on frequency band from (2.65-22.112) GHz which can cover the UWB frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, while the communicating antenna is an inverted-L frequency reconfigurable antenna operates on three bands of 1.49 GHz, 5.58 GHz, and 5.6 GHz under (S11 ≤ -10 dB) with a fractional bandwidth of 5.872%, 6.02%, and 6.05% respectively. The proposed antenna used to operate in two modes one for cognitive radio applications to cover WLAN applications at 5.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz and the second mode for wireless Ethernet, GPS synchronization, and Internet of Things that Matter (IoTtM) at 1.49 GHz. The frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using only a single RF switch (PIN diode) for changing the operating frequency. The antenna overall dimensions are 72 x 36 x 1.6 mm3 printed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate of 4.3 relative-permittivity, loss tangent tan (δ) = 0.002 and 50 Ω micro stripline feed. The obtained simulated gain is ranging from 1.35 to 4.132 dBi. The S11 and isolation (S12) between the two antennas are under -20 dB and -17 dB respectively at the resonant frequencies.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 267-275
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Mortality rates and life expectancy improvements among malaysian elderlies

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp134-139
Nur Shatikah Mohamad Ibrahim , Syazreen Niza Shair , Aida Yuzi Yusof
This paper presents a study on mortality rates and life expectancy improvements among elderly people in Malaysia. The central age-specific mortality rates will be analyzed according to genders. The expectation of future lifetime of these old age people will be estimated using the actuarial life table approach. Two different types of life table will be developed, including life table for males and females--- to compare the results of mortality rates and life expectancies between genders. Results show that, mortality rates of Malaysian elderly, for both males and females are increasing almost in linear pattern by age, and this trend is consistent from 1950 to 2015. Comparison between genders shows that mortality of elderly females is generally lower than males at almost all ages. Nonetheless, mortality rates of Malaysian elderly males are declining faster than Malaysian elderly females. Life expentancies of females are higher than males for age groups 60 to 70, and lower than males for age 75 and above. Results also indicate that Malaysian elderly popultion is aging faster from previous generation in which elderly males age 85+ in 2010-2015 can live longer by 123% than thise in 1950-1955.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 134-139
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Introduction to polar earth orbits (PEO) in the function of the satellite distress and safety systems (SDSS)

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp285-292
Dimov Stojce Ilcev
In this paper is described introduction of Polar Earth Orbits (PEO) in the function of the Satellite Distress and Safety Systems (SDSS) for all mobile applications. The results of a technical and economic study regarding the extension of the Inmarsat Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite system to cover polar region are reviewed. In addition, also are examined the technical and practical aspects of providing an operational polar Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) for the provision of combined distress and safety communication solutions in conjunction with a commercial and defense communication systems for maritime, land and aeronautical applications. This study is considered several PEO satellite models and their probable costs for Search and Rescue (SAR) and determination MSS solutions. The practical usage of Low PEO constellation is realized by Cospas-Sarsat international project for SDSS.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 285-292
Publish at: 2020-07-01

New reliable modifications of HPM and HAM

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp371-379
Khawlah Hussain
In this article, a new modification of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM) is presented and applied to non-homogeneous fractional Volterra integro-differential equations with boundary conditions. A comparative study between the new modified homotopy perturbation method (MHPM) and the new modified homotopy analysis method (MHAM). Several illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the methods.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 371-379
Publish at: 2020-07-01

The key factors in transforming Birjand city to a smart city: smart mobility, smart government

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp317-324
Amirhossein Ghasemi , Mohsen Saberi
The physical development of urban communities and cities, as well as the advancement of communication and information world, increased the need for advanced technologies. Nowadays, many urban planners and managers, especially the mangers of the intelligent transport system and smart government, are concerned with the transformation of physical cities to electronic cities and finally too smart cities in the real world. Making electronic cities smart requires the full participation of urban management organizations in different sectors. In addition, the required frameworks should be designed and implemented based on the close relations of these organizations with each other. This study aimed to investigate the key factors in transforming Birjand city into a smarter city by focusing on two components of the intelligent transport system and smart government. In smart government, a structure is recommended that is appropriate for launching and preparing the policies and regulations that need to be covered by different dimensions. In smart transportation component, one of the most important and valuable solutions to the problems of transportation is the intelligent transport system (ITS).  In this context, measuring potentials and implementing strategic planning can play a key role in increasing service delivery and reducing problems. This research design is an applied study. It intends to introduce the principles and dimensions of the intelligent transportation system and explore the potentials and strategic planning opportunities in Birjand city using a descriptive-analytical method. The data were collected by the library - documentary method. Furthermore, the study was conducted as field-survey research (interviews and questionnaires). In continuation, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the intelligent transportation system were determined and analyzed using the SWOT strategic planning model. Finally, appropriate strategies were presented.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 317-324
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Fuzzy-based voiced-unvoiced segmentation for emotion recognition using spectral feature fusions

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp196-206
Yusnita Mohd Ali , Alhan Farhanah Abd Rahim , Emilia Noorsal , Zuhaila Mat Yassin , Nor Fadzilah Mokhtar , Mohamad Helmy Ramlan
Despite abundant growth in automatic emotion recognition system (ERS) studies using various techniques in feature extractions and classifiers, scarce sources found to improve the system via pre-processing techniques. This paper proposed a smart pre-processing stage using fuzzy logic inference system (FIS) based on Mamdani engine and simple time-based features i.e. zero-crossing rate (ZCR) and short-time energy (STE) to initially identify a frame as voiced (V) or unvoiced (UV). Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and linear prediction coefficients (LPC) were tested with K-nearest neighbours (KNN) classifiers to evaluate the proposed FIS V-UV segmentation. We also introduced two feature fusions of MFCC and LPC with formants to obtain better performance. Experimental results of the proposed system surpassed the conventional ERS which yielded a rise in accuracy rate from 3.7% to 9.0%. The fusion of LPC and formants named as SFF LPC-fmnt indicated a promising result between 1.3% and 5.1% higher accuracy rate than its baseline features in classifying between neutral, angry, happy and sad emotions. The best accuracy rates yielded for male and female speakers were 79.1% and 79.9% respectively using SFF MFCC-fmnt fusion technique.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 196-206
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Position control of ball and beam system using robust h∞ loop shaping controller

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp91-98
Shahad Sami Ali
Laboratory Ball and Beam prototype (B&B) is a system designed to implement the controlling of space application studies such as aircraft flight and land. In this paper, to control the position of the rolling ball on the beam, MATLAB program will be used to design and implement PID and robust H∞ Loop Shaping controllers. The open loop response of the system is unstable, because the ball continuously rolling on the beam when a constant input applied. To stabilize the system, a PID controller used first to achieve the desired position. Then, robust H∞ Loop Shaping controller was used to achieve performance requirement for system with uncertainties. Results for the step response shows that robust H∞ Loop Shaping controller response have no over shoot, faster about 80 times when compared to step response of PID controller, it's more effective and had better performance compared to other controllers in the control of B&B system.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 91-98
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Spectrum allocation model for cognitive wireless networks based on the artificial bee colony algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp257-266
Cesar Hernandez , Jorge Rodriguez , Diego Giral
Cognitive radio through dynamic spectrum allocation allows an efficient use of the radio-electric spectrum. It is a key subject for the performance of cognitive radio networks. The purpose of the present article is to develop a spectrum allocation model for cognitive wireless networks based on the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and assess its performance in spectrum occupancy traces obtained from monitoring the spectrum using the energy detection technique. Results show a reduction in the number of spectral handoff with no excessive execution times.
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 257-266
Publish at: 2020-07-01

Electronic properties of zigzag silicene nanoribbons with single vacancy defect

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp76-84
Mu Wen Chuan , Kien Liong Wong , Afiq Hamzah , Nurul Ezaila Alias , Cheng Siong Lim , Michael Loong Peng Tan
Silicene is envisaged as one of the two-dimensional (2D) materials for future nanoelectronic applications. In addition to its extraordinary electronic properties, it is predicted to be compatible with the silicon (Si) fabrication technology. By using nearest neighbour tight-binding (NNTB) approach, the electronic properties of zigzag silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs) with single vacancy (SV) defects are modelled and simulated. For 4-ZSiNR with L=2, the band structures and density of states (DOS) are computed based on SV incorporated ZSiNRs at varying defect locations. The results show that the SV defect will shift the band structure and increase the peak of DOS while the bandgap remain zero. This work provides a theoretical framework to understand the impact of SV defect which is an inevitable non-ideal effect during the fabrication of silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs).
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page: 76-84
Publish at: 2020-07-01
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