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31,456 Article Results

Automatic segmentation of wrist bone fracture area by K-means pixel clustering from X-ray image

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5205-5210
Kwang Baek Kim , Doo Heon Song , Sang-Seok Yun
Early detection of subtle fracture is important particularly for the senior citizens’ quality of life. Naked eye examination from X-ray image may cause false negatives due to operator subjectivity thus computer vision based automatic detection software is much needed in practice.  In this paper, we propose an automatic extraction method for suspisious wrist fracture regions. We apply K-means in pixel clustering to form the candidate part of possible fracture from wrist X-ray image automatically. This method can recover previously detected patterned false cases with edge detection method after fuzzy stretching. The proposed method is successful in 16 out of 20 tested cases in experiment.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 5205-5210
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Investigation into the microwave power absorption in tissues

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1257-1264
Raad Hamdan Thaher , Heba Hadi Ali , Isam Salah Hameed
In this paper, the behavior of different tissues to microwave signal is presented. Beef, lamp, and fat were taken as tissue samples. The three types of tissues were taken in three different cases as soaked, normal, and dried. Moreover, each individual sample was prepared in five thickness as 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm in the x-band frequency. The objectives of this paper were discussed to determine the power absorption when each sample is tested. The experimental results showed the soaked meat as the most power absorbing state when compared to the other cases of the normal and dried samples for the same thickness value.  It has been found that the microwave power absorption is directly proportional to the thickness. Besides, the relationship between the microwave power absorption and the distance between transmitting and receiving antenna was also taken in consideration. It was found that as long as the tested sample is far away from the transmitter, the attenuation of the transmitted energy increases. With the aid of two techniques represented by an insertion transmission method and free-space transmission method, this paper presented an insight about the relation between the (moisture, distance, and thickness) and the microwave power absorption.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1257-1264
Publish at: 2019-12-01

CLL/S Detuned compensation network for electric vehicles wireless charging application

10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2173-2181
Ahmad Fuad Abdul Aziz , Mohd Fakhizan Romlie , Tun Zainal Azni Zulkifli
An electric vehicle (EV) can be charged wirelessly through an inductively coupled power transfer system where the system resonates the inductive coupling coil at the operating frequency by means of a compensation network.  However, the resonant behaviour implies overcurrent in the inverter MOSFETs during uncoupled and high load resistor conditions, which affect to the inverter MOSFETs failure whenever the current exceeds their maximum current rating. Therefore, this paper presents a CLL/S detuned compensation network for EV wireless charging application to limit the inverter current during the uncoupled state and open circuit load conditions. The proposed compensation consists of a series capacitor and parallel inductor at the primary side and series capacitor at the secondary side.  By using Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL) analysis, the primary side is detuned to inductive behaviour to ensure zero voltage switching (ZVS), and the secondary side remains at natural resonant tuning. From the simulation analysis, the slight increase of the parallel inductor value at the primary side can limit of the inverter current at uncoupled and high load resistor conditions. The proposed system also offers higher efficiency than the series-series detuned compensation and slightly lower than the double-sided LCC compensation network at different coupling factor.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 2173-2181
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Assessing completeness of a WEB site from quality perspective

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5596-5603
Sasi Bhanu Jammalamadaka , Kamesh DBK , Jammalamadaka Kodanda Rama Sastry
Assessing quality of a web site is most important especially because people world over are dependent on the content hosted on the WEB site for various purposes. May factors are to be considered for assessing the quality. Quality of every factor must be considered individual and also the total quality of the WEB site must be computed. This paper is primarily focused on the factor called “Completeness” which is one of the factors that can be considered for computing the quality of the WEB sites.  There can be much of the disconnected in the content hosted on the web site such as missing href, columns in the tables and forms. The more of the disconnectedness in the content that is hosted on the WEB site, the less the quality, as the information hosted on the WEB site is incomplete and less readable
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 5596-5603
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Real time implementation of embedded devices as a security system in intelligent vehicles connected via Vanets

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4788-4797
Senthilnathan Palaniapan , Mohammed Ahsan Kollathodi
The fast boom of  technology has made our lives easier. The number of computer based functions embedded in cars have multiplied extensively over the past two decades. These days, many embedded sensors allowing localization and verbal exchange are being advanced to enhance reliability, protection and define new exploitation modes in intelligent guided transports. An in-car embedded electronic architecture is a complex setup machine, the improvement of that particular system is related to unique manufacturers and providers. There are several factors required in an efficient and secure system along with protection features, real time monitoring, reliability, robustness, and many other integrated features[1-2]. The appearance of modern era has also expanded the use of vehicles and  its associated dangers. Dangers and the road accidents take place often which causes loss of lives and assets due to the bad emergency centres, lack of safety features and limitations within devices embedded within a vehicle.  A rpm-speed calculating device can be used in a vehicle such that risku situations while driving can be detected. A system with Ultra sonic sensor can be used as a crash detector of the automobile in the course of the event and also after a crash. With indicators from the device,  extreme coincidences also can be recognized. .As the amount of urban automobile grows automobile theft has become a shared difficulty for all citizens. As a solution an antitheft system can be implemented using PIR motion sensors where the system can be attached to the peripheral surface of the vehicle. When these sensors are interfaced with  Arduino microcontroller an efficient and reliable security system can be developed[3].
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 4788-4797
Publish at: 2019-12-01

The direct power control of three-phase AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage condition

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5107-5114
Nor Azizah Yusoff , Azziddin M. Razali , Kasrul Abdul Karim , Auzani Jidin
This paper has presents the integrated approach for three-phase PWM AC-DC converter for obtaining the symmetrical components under unbalanced supply condition. The input structures for conventional direct power control have been modified with three simpler sequence networks instead it coupled by a detailed three-phase system method. In the cases of an unbalanced three-phase system, it causes the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage. Otherwise, the unbalance voltage in a three-phase power system causes severe performance degradation of a grid-connected VSI. Therefore, the imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called as a sequencing network. Consequently, the input power is relatively improved during unbalanced condition. It proven through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional direct power control in individual elements is much higher compared than it resolved in separate components. Therefore, three symmetrical components are necessary for imbalance supply condition to obtaining almost sinusoidal grid currents.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 5107-5114
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Towards a semantic web of things framework

10.11591/ijai.v8.i4.pp443-450
Nadim Ismai , El Ghayam Yassine , Abdelalim Sadiq
Information and communication teFchnologies (ICT) know a significant development especially in terms of hardware miniaturization, cost reduction and energy consumption optimization. This advancement enables the interconnection of a large number of physical objects namely using the Internet, forming what is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT provides the opportunity to interact with these objects through sensors, actuators and smart applications which may help users in several areas such as transport, logistics, health care, agriculture, etc. However, building the IoT requires a strong interoperability between thousands of heterogeneous devices and services. In this context, the SWoT (Semantic Web of Things) uses semantic Web technologies to enrich these devices and services with semantic annotations which enables the semantic interoperability. However, the development of SWOT-based systems on a large scale faces many challenges especially due to the large number of devices and services, their geographical distribution as well as their mobility. These challenges-which may affect the system performance as a whole-require innovative industry and research efforts. The current paper proposes a SWoT framework architecture that take into account the main SWoT challenges.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 443-450
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Active and reactive power flow management in parallel transmission lines using static series compensation (SSC) with energy storage

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4598-4609
Mohammed Yahya Suliman
The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The Static Series Compensatior with storage energy, is a FACTS powerful device that can control the active power flow control of multiple transmission lines branches. In this paper, a simulation model of power control using static series compensator with parallel transmission lines is presented.  The control system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The results show the ability of static series compensator with storage energy to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines. 
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 4598-4609
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Experimental investigation of artificial intelligence applied in MPPT techniques

10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2138-2147
Saidia Della Krachai , A. Boudghene Stambouli , M. Della Krachai , M. Bekhti
Nano-satellites are key features for sharing the space data and scientific researches. They embed subsystems that are fed from solar panels and batteries. Power generated from these panels is subject to environmental conditions, most important of them are irradiance and temperature. Optimizing the usage of this power versus environmental variations is a primary task. Synchronous DC-DC buck converter is used to control the power transferred from PV panels to the subsystems while maintaining operation at maximal power.  In this paper, artificial intelligence techniques: neural networks and adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are used to accomplish the tracking task. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate their efficiency, robustness and tracking quality.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 2138-2147
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Performance of compliant mechanisms applied to a modified shape accelerometer of single and double layer

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4675-4683
Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres , Ramon Cabello-Ruiz , Pedro Vargas-Chable , Jose Gerardo Vera-Dimas , Alejandra Ocampo-Diaz
Accelerometers are widely used in several mechanisms of high sensitivity. They are employed for example in tilt-control in spacecraft, inertial navigation, oil exploration, seismic monitoring, etc. In order to improve the sensitivity of the measurements, implementation of Displacement-amplifying Compliant Mechanisms (DaCMs) in a capacitive accelerometer have been reported in the literature. In this paper, a system composed of two elements; capacitive accelerometer with extended beams (CAEB) and a DaCM geometry, of single and souble layer, are analysed. Three materials were considered, in the case, for the second layer. The DaCM implementation improves the operation frequency and displacement sensitivity, under different proportions, at the same time. Furthermore, three sweeps were performed: a range of thickness from 25 µm up to 30 µm (to determine the appropriate silicon mass value, using SOI technology), a range of second layer thickness (to choose the more appropriate material and its thickness) and a range of gravity values (to determine the maximum normal stress in the beams, which defines the superior value of the g operation range). The in-plane mode (y-axis) was considered in all analysed cases. This characterization was developed using the Finite Element Method. Structural and modal analysis responses were under study.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 4675-4683
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Design and optimization of HTS flux-switching permanent magnet machine

10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp1751-1757
Ahlam Luaibi Shuraiji , M.M.J. Al-ani
Flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine with high temperature superconductors (HTS) bulks located between the rotor poles to eliminate the flux leakage in the rotor, termed as (HTS-FSPM) machine has been proposed in this paper. Using genetic algorithm, the HTS and the conventional FSPM machines having the same size constraints and load conditions have been globally optimized for max. aveage torque. To highlight the advantages of the HTS-FSPM machine, a performance comparison between the conventional and HTS-FSPM machines has been presented. It is found that the HTS-FSPM machine can increase the torque by 27%, however, this comes with the expense of higher torque ripple and power losses.  
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 1751-1757
Publish at: 2019-12-01

An intelligent spectrum handoff scheme based on multiple attribute decision making for LTE-A network

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5330-5339
Abdulraqeb Alhammadi , Mardeni Roslee , Mohamad Yusoff Alias , Khalid Sheikhidris , Yong Jun Jack , Anas Bin Abas , Kesh. S. Randhava
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) play an important role in wireless communications which have the ability to significantly utilize the spectrum that not in used and reduce the current spectrum scarcity. CR allows unlicensed users (secondary users) to occupy the licensed spectrums without causing interference with licensed users (primary users). This can be achieved smoothly through four main CR procedures: spectrum sensing, spectrum decision, spectrum sharing, and spectrum  mobility. In this paper, we propose an intelligent spectrum handoff (SH) scheme based on multiple attributes decision making. The handoff decision depends on three considered parameters: received power, traffic load and arrival rate of the primary users. The simulation results show the proposed scheme outperformed the conventional scheme by reducing the probability of SH which leads to improve system performance.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 5330-5339
Publish at: 2019-12-01

A streaming multi-class support vector machine classification architecture for embedded systems

10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1286-1296
Jeevan Sirkunan , Jia Wei Tang , Nasir Shaikh-Husin , Muhammad Nadzir Marsono
Pedestrian detection, face detection, speech recognition and object detection are some of the applications that have benefited from hardware-accelerated SVM. SVM classification computational complexity makes it challenging for designing hardware architecture with real-time performance and low power consumption. On an embedded streaming architecture, test data are stored on external memory and transferred in streams to the FPGA device. The hardwareimplementation for SVM classification needs to be fast enough to keep up with the data transfer speed. Prior implementation throttles data input to avoid overwhelming the computational unit. This results in a bottleneck in overall streaming architecture as maximum throughput could not be obtained. In this work, we propose a streaming architecture multi-class SVM classification for embedded system that is fully pipelined and able to process data continuously with out any need to throttle data stream input. The proposed design is targeted for embedded platform where test data is transferred in streams from an external memory. The architecture was implemented on Altera Cyclone IV platform. Performance analysis on our proposed architecture is done with regards to the number of features and support vectors. For validation, the results obtained is compared with LibSVM. The proposed architecture is able to produce output rate identical to test data input rate.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1286-1296
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Price effect analysis and pre-reseravtion scheme on electric vehicle charging networks

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5586-5595
Junghoon Lee , Gyung-Leen Park
This paper investigates the price effect to the charging demand coming from electric vehicles and then evaluates the performance of a pre-reservation mechanism using the real-life demand patterns. On the charging network in Jeju city, the occupancy rates for 3 price groups, namely, free, medium-price, and expensive chargers, are separated almost evenly by about 9.0 %, while a set of chargers dominates the charging demand during hot hours. The virtual pre-reservation scheme matches electric vehicles to a time slot of a charger so as not only to avoid intolerable waiting time in charging stations systematically but also to increase the revenue of service providers, taking into account both bidding levels specified by electric vehicles and preference criteria defined by chargers. The performance analysis results obtained by prototype implementation show that the proposed pre-reservation mechanism improves the revenue of service providers by up to 9.5 % and 42.9 %, compared with the legacy FCFS and reservation-less walk-in schemes for the given performance parameter sets.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 5586-5595
Publish at: 2019-12-01

Optimal placement of wind generation units in order to increase revenues and reduce the imposed costs in the distribution system considering uncertainty

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/20293
Seyed Mohsen Mousavi Khormandichali , Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti
Recent advances in the field of new energies such as wind turbines, solar power plants, fuel cells, micro-turbines, etc., and also the great benefits of these power plants for the power network, attract the attention of distribution companies towards them. As, today, many distribution companies are examining options for changing the distribution network structure in order to exploit new energies. In the meantime, wind energy is one of the most widely used types of distributed generation in the power network. In addition, wind power generation has the most changes to other types of renewable energy. Distribution network planning is one of the major concerns of system designers, especially when wind generation units by their random and variable nature are in system development. Since the proper placement of wind units in the network plays an essential role in improving the performance of the distribution network, providing a comprehensive and appropriate solution for placement of these units in the network is important. In this paper, a method has been presented that by considering the uncertainty in generation and consumption and the network constraints, the placement of wind units in the network is done with the aim of increasing revenues and reducing the imposed costs in the distribution system, taking into account the uncertainity. The algorithm used in this paper is a genetic algorithm with improved operators.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Page: 4524-4539
Publish at: 2019-12-01
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