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28,593 Article Results

New Approaches in Cognitive Radios using Evolutionary Algorithms

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1636-1646
Miguel Tuberquia , Cesar Hernandez
Cognitive radio has claimed a promising technology to exploit the spectrum in an ad hoc network. Due many techniques have become a topic of discussion on cognitive radios, the aim of this paper was developed a contemporary survey of evolutionary algorithms in Cognitive Radio. According to the art state, this work had been collected the essential contributions of cognitive radios with the particularity of base they research in evolutionary algorithms. The main idea was classified the evolutionary algorithms and showed their fundamental approaches. Moreover, this research will be exposed some of the current issues in cognitive radios and how the evolutionary algorithms will have been contributed. Therefore, current technologies have matters presented in optimization, learning, and classification over cognitive radios where evolutionary algorithms can be presented big approaches. With a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of evolutionary algorithms in cognitive radios, more research in this direction may be motivated and refined.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1636-1646
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Low Power CMOS Electrocardiogram Amplifier Design for Wearable Cardiac Screening

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1830-1836
Ow Tze Weng , Suhaila Isaak , Yusmeeraz Yusof
The trend of health care screening devices in the world is increasingly towards the favor of portability and wearability. This is because these wearable screening devices are not restricting the patient’s freedom and daily activities. While the demand of low power and low cost biomedical system on chip is increasing in exponential way, the front-end electrocardiogram (ECG) amplifiers are still suffering from flicker noise for low frequency cardiac signal acquisition, 50Hz power line electromagnetic interference, and the large unstable input offsets due to the electrode-skin interface is not attached properly. In this paper, a CMOS based ECG amplifier that suitable for low power wearable cardiac screening is proposed. The amplifier adopts the highly stable folded cascode topology and later being implemented into RC feedback circuit for low frequency DC offset cancellation. By using  0.13µm CMOS technology from Silterra, the simulation results show that this front-end circuit can achieve a very low input referred noise of  1pV/Hz1/2 and high common mode rejection ratio of 174.05dB. It also gives voltage gain of 75.45dB with good power supply rejection ratio of 92.12dB. The total power consumption is only 3µW and thus suitable to be implemented with further signal processing and classification back end for low power wearable biomedical device.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1830-1836
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Performance Analysis of Supercapacitor Integrated PV Fed Multistage Converter with SMC Controlled VSI for Different Load Conditions

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp757-765
Shruti Pandey , Bharti Dwivedi , Anurag Tripathi
The proposed work comprises of an MPPT controlled Photovoltaic (PV) source, in conjunction with a supercapacitor, cascaded with a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) Inverter, supplying variable linear and nonlinear loads. The effects of varying solar irradiation and its intermittency have been effectively managed by the MPPT controlled boost converter and charge controlled supercapacitor respectively. The charge controller bucks and boosts the terminal voltage and realizes the power flow in a bidirectional manner. Seamless action has been obtained by the proposed model under varying irradiation and for varying load conditions. The performance of the SMC controlled Inverter, when compared with a PI controlled Inverter, has been found to be superior in terms of power quality and robustness of the supply system
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 757-765
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Data Analysis for Solar Energy Generation in a University Microgrid

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1324-1330
Junghoon Lee , Seong Baeg Kim , Gyung-Leen Park
This paper presents a data acquisition process for solar energy generation and then analyzes the dynamics of its data stream, mainly employing open software solutions such as Python, MySQL, and R. For the sequence of hourly power generations during the period from January 2016 to March 2017, a variety of queries are issued to obtain the number of valid reports as well as the average, maximum, and total amount of electricity generation in 7 solar panels. The query result on all-time, monthly, and daily basis has found that the panel-by panel difference is not so significant in a university-scale microgrid, the maximum gap being 7.1% even in the exceptional case. In addition, for the time series of daily energy generations, we develop a neural network-based trace and prediction model. Due to the time lagging effect in forecasting, the average prediction error for the next hours or days reaches 27.6%. The data stream is still being accumulated and the accuracy will be enhanced by more intensive machine learning.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1324-1330
Publish at: 2018-06-01

PSO based Direct Power Control for a Multifunctional Grid Connected Photovoltaic System

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp610-621
Bengourina Mohamed Rida , M. Rahli , S. Slami , L. Hassaine
This paper presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system (PV) used as a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to provide the power factor correction, harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and to simultaneously supply power from a PV system to the utility. A direct power control (DPC) method is used for controlling the system to feed the photovoltaic energy in synchronization with grid and provide power quality improvement. The PI parameters of DC-link voltage controller are tuned using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm without the need for an exact mathematical model of system. This PI-PSO controller gives better results for robustness, harmonic minimization and reduces the overshoot and undershoots of PI controller. The overall control of system is tested in Matlab/Simulink environment. Then, the simulations results demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of proposed method.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 610-621
Publish at: 2018-06-01

A Prolific Scheme for Load Balancing Relying on Task Completion Time

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1741-1746
V. Anand , K. Anuradha
In networks with lot of computation, load balancing gains increasing significance. To offer various resources, services and applications, the ultimate aim is to facilitate the sharing of services and resources on the network over the Internet. A key issue to be focused and addressed in networks with large amount of computation is load balancing. Load is the number of tasks‘t’ performed by a computation system. The load can be categorized as network load and CPU load. For an efficient load balancing strategy, the process of assigning the load between the nodes should enhance the resource utilization and minimize the computation time. This can be accomplished by a uniform distribution of load of to all the nodes. A Load balancing method should guarantee that, each node in a network performs almost equal amount of work pertinent to their capacity and availability of resources. Relying on task subtraction, this work has presented a pioneering algorithm termed as E-TS (Efficient-Task Subtraction). This algorithm has selected appropriate nodes for each task. The proposed algorithm has improved the utilization of computing resources and has preserved the neutrality in assigning the load to the nodes in the network.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1741-1746
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Firefly Algorithm to Opmimal Distribution of Reactive Power Compensation Units

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1758-1765
Vadim Z. Manusov , Pavel V. Matrenin , Lola S. Atabaeva
The issue of electric power grid mode of optimization is one of the basic directions in power engineering research. Currently, methods other than classical optimization methods based on various bio-heuristic algorithms are applied. The problems of reactive power optimization in a power grid using bio-heuristic algorithms are considered. These algorithms allow obtaining more efficient solutions as well as taking into account several criteria. The Firefly algorithm is adapted to optimize the placement of reactive power sources as well as to select their values. A key feature of the proposed modification of the Firefly algorithm is the solution for the multi-objective optimization problem. Algorithms based on a bio-heuristic process can find a neighborhood of global extreme, so a local gradient descent in the neighborhood is applied for a more accurate solution of the problem. Comparison of gradient descent, Firefly algorithm and Firefly algorithm with gradient descent is carried out.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1758-1765
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Design of Solar Powered Charging Backpack

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp848-858
Jonas Taverne , Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki , Ahmad Syahir Ayub , Nazmi Sellami , Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar , Nurul Aini Bani , Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud , Draco Iyi
This paper demonstrated a step by step process in designing a solar powered charging backpack that is capable of charging a mobile phone efficiently. A selection of existing products available on the market were reviewed and compared to ascertain the cost, size, and output capabilities. Next, the solar cell types and regulators were compared and their respective merits were also investigated. The charging system was then designed and tested before being integrated with the backpack. The results clearly showed that the system managed to charge the mobile phone. However, it was found that the excessive power dissipation has caused the linear regulator to generate significant heat.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 848-858
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Content-based Image Retrieval System for an Image Gallery Search Application

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1903-1912
Nicole Tham Ley Mai , Syahmi Syahiran Bin Ahmad Ridzuan , Zaid Bin Omar
Content-based image retrieval is a process framework that applies computer vision techniques for searching and managing large image collections more efficiently. With the growth of large digital image collections triggered by rapid advances in electronic storage capacity and computing power, there is a growing need for devices and computer systems to support efficient browsing, searching, and retrieval for image collections. Hence, the aim of this project is to develop a content-based image retrieval system that can be implemented in an image gallery desktop application to allow efficient browsing through three different search modes: retrieval by image query, retrieval by facial recognition, and retrieval by text or tags. In this project, the MPEG-7-like Powered Localized Color and Edge Directivity Descriptor is used to extract the feature vectors of the image database and the facial recognition system is built around the Eigenfaces concept. A graphical user interface with the basic functionality of an image gallery application is also developed to implement the three search modes. Results show that the application is able to retrieve and display images in a collection as thumbnail previews with high retrieval accuracy and medium relevance and the computational requirements for subsequent searches were significantly reduced through the incorporation of text-based image retrieval as one of the search modes. All in all, this study introduces a simple and convenient way of offline image searches on desktop computers and provides a stepping stone to future content-based image retrieval systems built for similar purposes.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1903-1912
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Application and Comparison Between the Conventional Methods and PSO Method for Maximum Power Point Extraction in Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp631-640
Bennis Ghita , Karim Mohammed , Lagrioui Ahmed
Several algorithms have been offered to track the Maximum Power Point when we have one maximum power point. Moreover, fuzzy control and neural was utilized to track the Maximum Power Point when we have multi-peaks power points. In this paper, we will propose an improved Maximum Power Point tracking method for the photovoltaic system utilizing a modified PSO algorithm. The main advantage of the method is the decreasing of the steady state oscillation (to practically zero) once the Maximum Power Point is located. moreover, the proposed method has the ability to track the Maximum Power Point for the extreme environmental condition that cause the presence of maximum multi-power points, for example, partial shading condition and large fluctuations of insolation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out under very challenging circumstance, namely step changes in irradiance, step changes in load, and partial shading of the Photovoltaic array. Finally, its performance is compared with the perturbation and observation” and fuzzy logic results for the single peak, and the neural-fuzzy control results for the multi-peaks.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 631-640
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Performance Analysis of Differential Beamforming in Decentralized Networks

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1692-1700
Samer Alabed
This paper proposes and analyzes a novel differential distributed beamforming strategy for decentralized two-way relay networks. In our strategy, the phases of the received signals at all relays are synchronized without requiring channel feedback or training symbols. Bit error rate (BER) expressions of the proposed strategy are provided for coherent and differential M-PSK modulation. Upper bounds, lower bounds, and simple approximations of the BER are also derived. Based on the theoretical and simulated BER performance, the proposed strategy offers a high system performance and low decoding complexity and delay without requiring channel state information at any transmitting or receiving antenna. Furthermore, the simple approximation of the BER upper bound shows that the proposed strategy enjoys the full diversity gain which is equal to the number of transmitting antennas.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1692-1700
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Analysing Mobile Random Early Detection for Congestion Control in Mobile Ad-hoc Network

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1305-1314
Saurabh Sharma , Dipti Jindal , Rashi Agarwal
This research paper suggests and analyse a technique for congestion control in mobile ad hoc networks. The technique is based on a new hybrid approach that uses clustering and queuing techniques. In clustering, in general cluster head transfers the data, following a queuing method based on a RED (Random Early Detection), the mobile environment makes it Mobile RED (or MRED), It majorly depends upon mobility of nodes and mobile environments leads to unpredictable queue size. To simulate this technique, the Network Simulator 2 (or NS2) is used for various scenarios. The simulated results are compared with NRED (Neighbourhood Random Early Detection) queuing technique of congestion control. It has been observed that the results are improved using MRED comparatively.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1305-1314
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected Hybrid Energy System and its Fault Analysis

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp775-783
Sujit Kumar Bhuyan , Prakash Kumar Hota , Bhagabata Panda
This paper represents a hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of photovoltaic (PV), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), electrolyzer system and a storage tank. In this proposed system a fuel cell controller is used where a PID controller is utilized to control the flow of hydrogen (H2) through the valve to the SOFC to fulfill the load requirement. In this model a supervisory controller is used to regulate the whole system according to load requirement. So, when PV power is more than load requirement, then PV power fulfill the required load demand as well as the extra power of PV is utilized to generate the hydrogen (H2) by the help of electrolyzer, further this hydrogen is used as a fuel of SOFC. Also in this proposed model different types of faults are considered and verified their effect on the load as well as in distribution network. The computer simulations are done for the purpose technology and verified its effectiveness. Hence the appropriate results are obtained.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 775-783
Publish at: 2018-06-01

A New Seven Level Symmetrical Inverter with Reduced Switch Count

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp921-925
Thiyagarajan V. , Somasundaram P.
Multilevel inverters offers less distortion and less electro-magnetic interference compared with other conventional inverters and hence, it can be used in many industrial and commercial applications.  This paper analyze the performance of the modified single phase seven level symmetrical inverter using minimum number of switches. The proposed topology consists of six switches and two dc sources, and produces seven level output voltage waveform during symmetric operation. The cost and size of the propsoed inverter minimum as it uses minimum number of components, The performance of the proposed multilevel inverter is analysed for different switching angles and the corresponding simulation results are presented. The simulation of the proposed inverter is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: 921-925
Publish at: 2018-06-01

Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid Energy System

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1345-1356
Sujit Kumar Bhuyan , Prakash Kumar Hota , Bhagabat Panda
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1345-1356
Publish at: 2018-06-01
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