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28,451 Article Results

The Effects of Segmentation Techniques in Digital Image Based Identification of Ethiopian Coffee Variety

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.8419
Abrham Debasu; Bahir Dar University Mengistu
This paper presents the effects of segmentation techniques in the identification of Ethiopian coffee variety. In Ethiopia, coffee varieties are classified based on their growing region. The most widely coffee growing regions in Ethiopia are Bale, Harar, Jimma, Limu, Sidamo and Welega. Coffee beans of these regions very in color shape and texture. We investigated various segmentation techniques for efficient coffee beans variety identification system. Images of six different coffee beans varieties in Oromia and Southern Ethiopia were acquired and analyzed. For this study Otsu, Fuzzy-C-Means (FCM) and Kmeans segmentation techniques are considered. For classification of the varieties of Ethiopian coffee beans back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used. From the experiment 94.54% accuracy is achieved when BPNN is used on FCM segmentation technique.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 713-717
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Research on 4-dimensional Systems without Equilibria with Application

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.8507
Ruibin; University of Science and Technology Beijing Hao , Lequan; University of Science and Technology Beijing Min , Hongyan; University of Science and Technology Beijing Zang
Recently chaos-based encryption has been obtained more and more attention. Chaotic systems without equilibria may be suitable to be used to design pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) because there does not exist corresponding chaos criterion theorem on such systems. This paper proposes two propositions on 4-dimensional systems without equilibria. Using one of the propositions introduces a chaotic system without equilibria. Using this system and the generalized chaos synchronization (GCS) theorem constructs an 8-dimensional discrete generalized chaos synchronization (8DBDGCS) system. Using the 8DBDGCS system designs a 216-word chaotic PRNG. Simulation results show that there are no significant correlations between the key stream and the perturbed key streams generated via the 216-word chaotic PRNG. The key space of the chaotic PRNG is larger than 21275. As an application, the chaotic PRNG is used with an avalanche-encryption scheme to encrypt an RGB image. The results demonstrate that the chaotic PRNG is able to generate the avalanche effects which are similar to those generated via ideal chaotic PRNGs.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 811-826
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Street Mark Detection Using Raspberry PI for Self-Driving System

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.4509
Sumardi; Diponegoro University Sumardi , Muhammad; Diponegoro University Taufiqurrahman , Munawar A; Diponegoro University Riyadi
Self driving is an autonomous vehicle that can follow the road with less human intervention. The development of self driving utilizes various methods such as radar, lidar, GPS, camera, or combination of them. In this research, street mark detection system was designed using webcam and raspberry-pi mini computer for processing the image. The image was processed by HSV color filtering method. The processing rate of this algorithm was 137.98 ms correspondinig to 7.2 FPS. The self-driving prototype was found to be working optimally for “hue” threshold of 0-179, “saturation” threshold of 0-30, and “value” threshold of 200-255. Street mark detection has been obtained from the coordinates of street mark object which had range 4-167 on x axis and 4-139 on y axis. As a result, we have successfully built the street mark detection by COG method more effectively and smoothly in detection in comparison with Hough transform method.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 629-634
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Biometrics Authentication of Fingerprint with Using Fingerprint Reader and Microcontroller Arduino

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.7572
Magdin; Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Martin , Koprda; Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Štefan , Ferenczy; Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Ľubor
The idea of security is as old as humanity itself. Between oldest methods of security were included simple mechanical locks whose authentication element was the key. At first, a universal–simple type, later unique for each lock. A long time had mechanical locks been the sole option for protection against unauthorized access. The boom of biometrics has come in the 20th century, and especially in recent years, biometrics is much expanded in the various areas of our life. Opposite of traditional security methods such as passwords, access cards, and hardware keys, it offers many benefits. The main benefits are the uniqueness and the impossibility of their loss. The main benefits are the uniqueness and the impossibility of their loss. Therefore we focussed in this paper on the the design of low cost biometric fingerprint system and subsequent implementation of this system in praxtise. Our main goal was to create a system that is capable of recognizing fingerprints from a user and then processing them. The main part of this system is the microcontroller Arduino Yun with an external interface to the scan of the fingerprint with a name Adafruit R305 (special reader). This microcontroller communicates with the external database, which ensures the exchange of data between Arduino Yun and user application. This application was created for (currently) most widespread mobile operating system-Android.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 755-765
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240
Noor Hidayah Muhamad Adnan , Islam Md. Rafiqul , AHM Zahirul Alam
Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lower half power beamwidth (HPBW). Inter-element spacing equals to 0.5λ was found to be the most suitable value for planar array antenna design based on the analysis. Meanwhile, higher number of antenna elements increased the value of directivity of the planar array with narrower HPBW. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between directivity and HPBW in designing planar array antenna for massive MIMO application.        
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 230-240
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Kalman Filter Estimation of Impedance Parameters for Medium Transmission Line

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.9026
Siti Nur Aishah; Universiti Malaysia Pahangs Mohd Amin , Hamzah; Universiti Malaysia Pahang Ahmad , Mohd Rusllim; Universiti Malaysia Pahang Mohamed , Mohd Mawardi; Universiti Malaysia Pahang Saari , Omar; Universiti Malaysia Pahang Aliman
Accurate knowledge of impedance parameters in transmission line helps to improve the system efficiency and performance. Nowadays, the estimation of impedance parameters in transmission line has become possible with the availability of computational method. This paper aims to develop Kalman filter model by using Matlab simulink to estimate accurate values of resistance (R), reactance (X), and susceptance (B) in medium transmission line. The accuracy of the parameters can be improved by reducing the unknown errors in the system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Kalman filter method, a case study of simulated medium transmission line is presented and comparison between Kalman Filter (KF) and Linear Least Square (LLS) method is also considered to evaluate their performances.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 900-908
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Miniaturization of Broadband Wilkinson Power Dividers

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp241-247
Nadera Najib , Kok Yeow You , Chia Yew Lee , Mohamad Ngasri Dimon , Nor Hisham Khamis
This paper proposed three modified Wilkinson power dividers in order to achieve a size reduction and a wide bandwidth. The first structure presented the power divider using compact folded step impedance transmission lines rather than the uniform microstrip line design for operating center frequency of 3 GHz. The second structure showed the power divider with delta-stub for 2.4 GHz. Finally, the third modified structure introduced the two-section Wilkinson power divider using series-delta stub for center frequency of 2.4 GHz as well. The study managed to get an overall dimension of 15 mm × 9.5 mm for the first proposed design achieving a reduction of 75.6 % and fractional bandwidth of 133 %. For the second proposed structure, the size was 15 mm × 15 mm with a reduction of 56 % and fractional bandwidth of 56 %.  While the third design size was 17 mm × 15 mm with a reduction of 63.6 % and the structure achieved a broadband bandwidth with fractional bandwidth of 220 %.  The proposed power dividers used RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.38 mm. Simulation and measurement results indicated that the modified power dividers showed equal power division, good phase balance, high isolation between output ports, and good return loss better than -12 dB covering the operating frequency range.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 241-247
Publish at: 2018-04-01

A Novel Architecture of Radix-3 Singlepath Delay Feedback (R3SDF) FFT Using MCSLA

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp37-42
Periyarselvam K , Saravanakumar G , Anand M
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used in digital signal processing and telecommunications, particularly in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, to overcome the problems associated with orthogonal subcarriers. A new algorithm of radix-3 FFT has been introduced in this work. The DFT of length N can be realized from three DFT sequences; each of length N/3.Radix-3 algorithm reduces the number of multiplications required for realizing DFT.A novel design of Radix-3pipelined Single path Delay Feedback (R3SDF) FFT using MCSLA has been proposed in this paper. First, the pipelined radix-3 SDF FFT method has been designed. It has less area and large power consumption and delay. In order to overcome these problems, modified carry select adder structure is used to perform the adder operation for reducing the power consumption and delay. Finally, the MCSLA is integrated into radix-3 SDF FFT processor. The hardware complexity and execution time for implementing radix-3 FFT algorithm can be reduced than other FFTs.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 37-42
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Design of Negative Resistance Oscillator with Rocord Low Phase Noise

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.6999
Ayoub; University Complex Malki , Jamal; University Complex Zbitou , Larbi; University Complex El Abdellaoui , Mohamed; Microwave group ESEO Angers Latrach , Abdelali; University Complex Tajmouati , Ahmed; University Complex Errkik
The aim of this paper is to use a new design of a negative resistance microwave oscillator in order to fabricate oscillator with very good performance in terms of output power, efficiency, stability and phase noise. In this study the new concept of oscillator using distributed resonator and micro-strip circuit elements improve performances of our structure. A micro-strip microwave oscillator with low phase noise based on an NPN silicon planar epitaxial transistor has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. In this design, each step has been conducted by using Advanced Design System (ADS) and following a theoretical study which enable to optimize the different performances of the whole circuit. The oscillator produce a sinusoidal signal with spectrum power of 12.25 dBm at 2.45 GHz into 50 Ω load when polarized at Vcc=15V with DC to RF efficiency of 16. The obtained phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset is the result of the use of high Q factor resonator and the depth study of the parameters of the oscillator. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 586-593
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Power Efficient Clock Distribuition for Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converters

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp27-36
A. S. R. Murthy , Sridhar T.
In various VLSI based digital systems, on-chip interconnects have become the system bottleneck in state-of-the-art chips, limiting the performance of high-speed clock distributions and data communication devices in terms of propagation delay and power consumption. Increasing power requirements and power distribution to multi-core architectures is also posing a challenge to power distribution networks in the integrated circuits. Clock distribution networks for the switched capacitor converters becomes a non-trivial task and the increased interconnect lengths cause clock degradation and power dissipation. Therefore, this paper introduce low swing signaling schemes to decrease delay and power consumption. A comparative study presented of low voltage signaling schemes in terms of delay, power consumption and power delay product. Here, we have presented a power efficient signaling topology for driving the clocks to higher interconnect lengths.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 27-36
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Implementation of Controlled Robot for Fire Detection and Extinguish to Closed Areas Based on Arduino

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.8197
Ihsan A.; Al-Esra'a University Taha , Hamzah M.; Al-Esra'a University Marhoon
The wireless control systems are taking a special importance in the recent years, where the wireless control system provide several advantages; including the disposal of the using wire and periodic maintenance of data transmission wires, in the science of robot wireless control unit is the main part of the fire treatment and extinguish robot system. The lives of firefighters exposed to the risk of death and Rima, therefore the use of remote control systems more secure is necessary. In this, paper a fire-extinguish robot used for extinguishing the fire in general and in treatment fires in the closed areas for protecting employees in the field of fire suppression from combustion, exposure or inhalation to the toxic gases. The basic idea of fire detection and treatment robot based on detect the fire by the wireless camera and flame sensor then suppression the fire by send command from mobile phone through Bluetooth connection to make water pump turn "ON", and the fire then extinguished.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 654-664
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Modified 128-EEA2 Algorithm by Using HISEC Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm with Improving the Security and Cost Factors

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp337-342
Alyaa Ghanim Sulaiman , Sufyan Salim Mahmood AlDabbagh
128-EEA2 (Evolved Packet System Encryption Algorithm 2) is a confidentiality algorithm which is used to encrypt and decrypt block of data based on confidentiality key. This confidentiality algorithm 128-EEA2 is based on the AES-128 which is the block cipher algorithm of 128 bit in CTR mode. In this paper, we are going to replace the AES-128 block cipher algorithm by HISEC block cipher algorithm for two reasons such as reducing cost and ameliorate security factor.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 337-342
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Improved Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Fuzzy Logic

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.6426
Seyed Amin; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Hosseini Seno , Ali Abdi; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Seyedkolaei
In mobile ad hoc networks, route selection is one of the most important issues that is studied in these networks as a field of research. Many articles trying to provide solutions to choose the best path in which the important parameters such as power consumption, bandwidth and mobility are used. In this article, in order to improve the solutions presented in recent papers parameters such as power remaining, mobility, degree node and available bandwidth are used by taking the factors for each parameter in proportion to its influence in choosing the best path. Finally, we compare the proposed solution with the three protocols IAOMDV-F, AODVFART and FLM-AODV with the help of OPNET simulation program based on network throughput, routing discovery time, the average number of hops per route, network delay.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 728-738
Publish at: 2018-04-01

A Hybrid Formulation between Differential Evolution and Simulated Annealing Algorithms for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

10.12928/telkomnika.v16i2.8434
Farida; University of August 20th Laouafi , Ahcene; University of August 20th Boukadoum , Salah; University of August 20th Leulmi
The aim of this paper is to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. Metaheuristic algorithms have been extensively used to solve optimization problems in a reasonable time without requiring in-depth knowledge of the treated problem. The performance of a metaheuristic requires a compromise between exploitation and exploration of the search space. However, it is rarely to have the two characteristics in the same search method, where the current emergence of hybrid methods. This paper presents a hybrid formulation between two different metaheuristics: differential evolution (based on a population of solution) and simulated annealing (based on a unique solution) to solve ORPD. The first one is characterized with the high capacity of exploration, while the second has a good exploitation of the search space. For the control variables, a mixed representation (continuous/discrete), is proposed. The robustness of the method is tested on the IEEE 30 bus test system.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 513-524
Publish at: 2018-04-01

Sizing and Cost Analysis of Self-Consumed Solar PV DC System Compared with AC System for Residential House

10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp10-18
T. M. N. T. Mansur , N. H. Baharudin , R. Ali
The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) system has grown significantly in Malaysia after Renewable Energy Act has been gazetted in 2011.The objective of this paper is to highlight the technical and economic analysis of solar PV DC system to generate enough energy for residential customer group that consumed 200 kWh per month so that they are less dependent on energy from the utility grid. The results are then compared to the solar PV AC system with similar load setup. The methodology involves gathering solar energy resource, configuring daily load demand, sizing PV array, battery bank and inverter and lastly simulation of the design system by using Homer software.  Based on Homer simulation, the solar PV AC system required slightly larger PV array sizes than the solar PV DC system to compensate losses due to the inverter efficiency which is not counted in DC system.Moreover, the solar PV AC system is almost 8.0% more expensive with 6% higher COE than the solar PV DC system due to the present of inverter.Lastly, both systems will benefit from reduction of energy consumed up to 2,434 kWh annually and to the environmental aspect, will avoid 1.7 tons of CO2 releases into the atmosphere.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page: 10-18
Publish at: 2018-04-01
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