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Light weight authentication protocol for WSN using ECC and hexagonal numbers

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp443-450
Noel Toy , Senthilnathan T
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a spatially distributed network. It contains many numbers of distributed, self-directed, small, battery powered devices called sensor nodes or motes. In recent years the deployment of WSN in various application domains are growing in a rapid pace as with the upcoming boom of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE). However, the effectiveness of the WSN deployment is restricted due to the constrained computation and power source. Hence, many researchers have been proposing new approaches and models to improve the efficiency of the domain specific WSN deployment procedures. Though, many research communities addressing various issues in WSN deployment, still the privacy and security of such networks are susceptible to various network attacks. Thus, it is necessary to practice different models for authentication and privacy preservation in a highly dynamic resource constrained WSN environment to realize the effectiveness and efficiency of the deployment. Hence, this paper addressing an authentication scheme that can reduce energy consumption without compromising on security and privacy. In order to provide a light weight authentication mechanism, this paper proposing an authentication mechanism for WSN deployment by combining the features of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Hexagonal numbers. The feature of ECC is used to reduce the key size and the effectiveness of generating hexagonal numbers is used for minimizing the energy consumption in a resource constrained WSN environment. The results of the proposed approach are evaluated with the different authentication models and the results were indicating that the proposed approach can perform better than the other approaches.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 443-450
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Using infrared radiation in preparation of feed for farm livestock

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp148-154
T Senthilkumar , Ekaterina I. Reshetnik , Vyacheslav G. Evdokimov , Lyubov I. Perepelkina , Zoya F. Krivuca , Yulia R. Samarina , Evgeniy E. Kuznetsov , Natalia A. Kuznetsov
The article in hand describes a processing line for preparation of feed for farm livestock and the design of an infrared drying unit integrated into this line. The main objective of this study is to find ways to provide a full-value feeding of farm animals throughout the calendar year.  At present, there are various methods for preserving feed proposed with the aim of providing a full-fledged diet.  However, following the recommendations for feed storage according to the recommended conditions, as a rule, results in high losses of its total weight and nutritional properties due to a long winter period with low-temperature regimes, typical of the Amur Region of Russia. This article presents the results of the study of a prospective processing line for the preparation of feed for long-term storage, which ensures the preservation of their basic nutritional properties, with an integrated infrared drying unit.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 148-154
Publish at: 2019-07-01

An investigation on apportion of mathematical loss in transmission loss/cost allocation approach

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp1-8
Shafeeque Ahmed Kalavai , Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam
Cost allocation of highly non-linear transmission loss is complex and essential in competitive electricity market. In most of the existing transmission loss/cost allocation approaches, real power loss depends on selection of slack bus and hence the cost of transmission losses which are allocated to the generators and the loads also varies. In this paper, a complete analysis on the impact of slack bus selection on transmission loss allocation with and without mathematical loss is made. One of the existing approaches, proportional generation and proportional load (PGPL) method is taken to illustrate the impact. Mathematical loss is the loss without generation and load in the network and can be obtained from power flow solution by taking generation and load as zero. The cost incurred for this mathematical loss is allocated to the transmission lines while the cost of transmission loss due to bilateral contracts is allocated among the sources and the consumers. These loss/cost allocations with and without considering mathematical loss is shown using an IEEE 30 bus, 57 bus, 75 bus and 118 bus systems. The simulation results are obtained using MATLAB R2014a.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 1-8
Publish at: 2019-07-01

The effect of wavelet transform on OFDM system in modern cellular networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp324-327
Mayada Faris Ghanim
The performance of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) proved that it was an excellent technique for 4G.It provides good spectrum efficiency and it has excellent throughput in different situations. This technique can be improved to be suitable for 5G systems. Wavelet transform has many advantages that make it suitable and efficient approach to replace Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in conventional OFDM systems. Wavelet transform is employed in modern cellular networks to remove the use of cyclic prefix, which leads to decreasing the bandwidth losses and the power of transmission. Wavelet based OFDM system is designed in order to overcome the drawbacks of OFDM system so that the proposed system is good candidate for next generation of wireless communications. 
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 324-327
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Improving self-organizing map with nguyen-widrow initialization lgorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp535-542
Maureen Nettie N Linan , Bobby D Gerardo , Ruji P Medina
The quality of cluster result and the learning speed of Self-organizing map (SOM) are dependent on the initialization of weights since the initial values for weight vectors affect the performance of SOM training when applied to clustering. In this paper, improvement of SOM was achieved with the application of the Nguyen-Widrow algorithm to initialize weights. Nguyen-Widrow initialization algorithm is a method for initialization of the weights of neural networks to speed up the training process. Performance of the modified SOM was determined in terms of cluster error rate and the number of iterations to achieve convergence using different datasets and results show that the modified SOM algorithm produces better cluster results and improved training speed compared to traditional SOM.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 535-542
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Active contour model for satellitale image combining local and global region based approach

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp247-257
Mouri Hayat , Fizazi Hadria
Global and local image information is crucial for accurate segmentation of images with intensity inhomogeneity valuable minute details and multiple objects with various intensities. We propose a region-based active contour model which is able to utilize together local and global image information. The major contribution of this paper is to expand the LIF model which is includes only local image infofmation to a local and global model. The introduction of a new local and global signed pressure force function enables the extraction of accurate local and global image information and extracts multiple objects with several intensities. Several tests performed on some synthetic and real images indicate that our model is effective as well as less sensitivity to the initial contour location and less time compared with the related works.  
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 247-257
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Automatic foreground detection based on KDE and binary classification

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp517-526
Mohammed Lahraichi , Khalid Housni , Samir Mbarki
In the recent decades, several methods have been developed to extract moving objects in the presence of dynamic background. However, most of them use a global threshold, and ignore the correlation between neighboring pixels. To address these issues, this paper presents a new approach to generate a probability image based on Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method, and then apply the Maximum A Posteriori in the Markov Random Field (MAP-MRF) based on probability image, so as to generate an energy function, this function will be minimized by the binary graph cut algorithm to detect the moving pixels instead of applying a thresholding step. The proposed method was tested on various video sequences, and the obtained results showed its effectiveness in presence of a dynamic scene, compared to other background subtraction models.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 517-526
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Multistring seven-level quasi Z-source based asymmetrical inverter

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp88-94
Ramesh Rahul Jammy , Kirubakaran Annamalai
In this paper, a single-phase multistring seven-level Quasi-Z-source based Asymmetrical Inverter suitable for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is presented. This topology is an upgrade of quasi-Z-source dc-dc (qZs) network and Asymmetrical multilevel inverter (AMLI). The AMLI generates higher number of levels with reduced switch count and number of sources when compared to symmetrical cascaded based MLI. The qZs network acts as an intermediate stage between the low-voltage PV array and AMLI, to enhance the output voltage gain of the inverter. The steady state performance the topology is verified through MATLAB simulation and experimentation. A laboratory prototype model is developed for a capacity of 200W to validate the theoretical studies. Finally, a comparative assessment of the proposed with the existing topologies is presented.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 88-94
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Formulation of an integrated social commerce framework to promote social capital for energy sectors

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp427-434
Mohana Shanmugam , Vinitha Karunakaran , Asra Amidi
Social capital refers to the resources available in personal and business networks. In developing a culture that values and practices social capital, social factors are considered one of the main precursors.  With the proliferation of social commerce and the maturing of social media, social capital can be acquired and further developed for productive benefits, particularly for energy sectors in Malaysia. In this study, an integrated social commerce framework to promote social capital is presented and evaluated. The framework attempted to define the relationship between the Theories of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Support Theory (SST) alongside satisfaction and perceived value factors towards promoting social capital development in energy sectors. This research uses SPSS to analyse the data collected from employee in the energy sectors in Malaysia. Research reveals that social capital is present when there is trust and loyalty among the users and the significance of social capital is monumental for energy sectors’ productivity, efficiency and profitability. A survey is adapted and distributed to 20 respondents from the energy sector in Malaysia as a mean to study on the validity and reliability of the research factors. Results indicate that all proposed factors are significant in promoting social capital except one, which is the Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) of the TPB.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 427-434
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Mutual coupling reduction in circularly polarized dielectric resonator MIMO antenna

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp266-273
J. Iqbal , U. Illahi , M. I. Sulaiman , M. Alam , MS. Mazliham , L.S Ding
In this article a novel circularly polarized (CP) rectangular dielectric resonator antennas (RDRA’s) array has been designed. A unique conformal feeding strip has been used to excite the RDRA’s having a distance of λ/2. Various techniques are investigated to reduce mutual coupling (MC).  Different formations, comprise of reorientation of the antennas have been employed to suppress MC and to enhance CP bandwidth. By the unique orientation the mutual coupling has been reduced by ~ 14 dB. A broadband circular polarization over a bandwidth of ~ 18.8% in conjunction with an impedance matching bandwidth of ~ 11.3 % has been achieved. The design has been modeled and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). Two different simulation techniques i.e. finite integration technique (FIT) and Finite element method (FEM) have been used to compute and validate the results respectively. A significant resemblance in results have been observed.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 266-273
Publish at: 2019-07-01

A control strategy on power quality improvement in consumer side using custom power device

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp80-87
D Danalakshmi , Srinivas Bugata , Kohila J
At a recent time voltage distortion is one of the foremost power quality problem at all level of power system. Power electronic controllers like various filtering technology have been used for more desirable solution of power quality problems to users. But still there is a voltage and frequency deviations problem in the power system leads to reduce in quality of power and thereby reduce the life of consumer equipment. To overcome this drawback and protects the sensitive loads from power quality problems, custom power devices are used. Among various custom power devices, Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is an ultimate solution to address the voltage correlated power quality problems. DVR is a usual three phase inverter which transforms DC to AC and vice-versa using DC link capacitor. Whenever utility is distorted by voltage correlated faults, DVR is dynamic and it shields the load from utility distortions. Whenever distortion arises, the control strategy for the DVR plays significant role to make the DVR in active condition. Among all control strategies, Synchronous reference frame theory is simple and suitable for DVR. The DVR topology is verified and validated using SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 80-87
Publish at: 2019-07-01

An adaptive intelligent alarm system for wireless sensor network

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp142-147
Ayman Dawood Salman , Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf , Ghaida Muttasher Abdulsaheb
Security is one of the imperative issues in an advanced local condition. The current center around formative and research issues of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) based Smart Home.  WSN based shrewd home detection system gives a safe and safe living condition. A Wireless Sensor System (WSN) is a system which is building by utilizing little independent hubs (sensors). Its motivation is to screen certain ecological parameters, for example, temperature, dampness, brilliance, weight, sound, movement, and so forth. This paper depicts the improvement of a smart home condition dependent on exact Wireless Sensor Network and furthermore depicts private vitality observing and controlling procedures for keen home systems administration framework. This paper proposes a basic and adaptable remote arrange for domestics computerization of temperature, moistness, gas, movement and light by executing dependable sensor hubs which can be controlled too observed. This innovation offers energizing and new chance to build the availability of devices inside the home for the home computing.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 142-147
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Automatic moving foreground extraction using random walks

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp511-516
Idir Boulfrifi , Khalid Housni , Abdelaziz Mouloudi
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for automatic foreground extraction in video frames by analyzing the spatiotemporal aspect. We divide our contribution to tree steps: Automatic seeds detection, formulating the energy function, and using the random walk algorithm to minimize this function. First, we detect seeds by extracting a sparse of good features to track in the current frame and compute the difference between those pixels and its adjacent in the previous frame, the difference of pixels is treated in HSV color space to make the result more accurate, we thresholds this difference, and we classify moving and stationary pixels. Secondly, we formulate our foreground extraction as a graph based problem, then we define an energy function to evaluate spatiotemporal smoothness. Finally, we applied the random walk algorithm with seeds detected in the first step to minimize the energy function problem, the solution leads to evaluate the potential that every pixel in the video sequences is marked in motion or a stationary pixel. We suggest that our unsupervised method has the potential to be used for many kinds of motion detection and real-time video.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 511-516
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Feed forward neural network application for classroom reverberation time estimation

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp346-354
Fathin Liyana Zainudin , Sharifah Saon , Abd Kadir Mahamad , Musli Nizam Yahya , Mohd Anuaruddin Ahmadon , Shingo Yamaguchi
Acoustic problem is a main issues of the existing classroom due to lack of absorption of surface material. Thus, a feed forward neural network system (FFNN) for classroom Reverberation Time (RT) estimation computation was built. This system was developed to assist the acoustic engineer and consultant to treat and reduce this matter. Data was collected and computed using ODEON12.10 ray tracing method, resulting in a total of 600 rectangular shaped classroom models that were modeled with various length, width, height, as well as different surface material types. The system is able to estimate RT for 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz. Using the collected data, FFNN for each frequency were trained and simulated separately (as absorption coefficients are frequency dependent) in order to find the optimum solution. The final system was validated and compared with the actual measurement value from 15 different classrooms in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The developed system show positive results with average validation accuracy of 94.35%, 95.91%, and 96.42% for 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz respectively. 
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 346-354
Publish at: 2019-07-01

Determination of favorable blood glucose target range for stochastic TARgeted (STAR) glycemic control in Malaysia

10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp133-141
A. Abu-Samah , N. N. A. Razak , A. A. Razak , U. K. Jamaludin , F. M. Suhaimi , A. M. Ralib
Stress-induced hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, but there is uncertainty about what constitutes an optimal blood glucose target range for glycemic control. Furthermore, to reduce the rate of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic events, model-based glycemic control protocols have been introduced, such as the stochastic targeted (STAR) glycemic control protocol. This protocol has been used in the intensive care units of Christchurch and Gyulà Hospital since 2010, and in Malaysia since 2017. In this study, we analyzed the adaptability of the protocol and identified the blood glucose target range most favorable for use in the Malaysian population. Virtual simulation results are presented for two clinical cohorts: one receiving treatment by the STAR protocol itself and the other receiving intensive insulin therapy by the sliding scale method. Performance and safety were analyzed using five clinical target ranges, and best control was simulated at a target range of 6.0–10.0 mmol/L. This target range had the best balance of performance, with the lowest risk of hypoglycemia and the lowest requirement for nursing interventions. The result is encouraging as the STAR protocol is suitable to provide better and safer glycemic control while using a target range that is already widely used in Malaysian intensive care units
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 133-141
Publish at: 2019-07-01
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