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28,451 Article Results

Determinant Factors of Pneumonia among Toddlers

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.10156
Muchsin Maulana , Dwi Rahmatun Handari , Septian Emma Dwi Jatmika , Hermin Sunarti
Pneumonia still becomes a public health problems that causing pain and death on toddlers. There are many factors which may influence the increase of pneumonia incidence on toddlers, from the aspect of kid individuals and house anvironment such as ventilation, residential density and the presence of smokers. In 2016 found 760 cases of pneumonia that took place in Yogyakarta Country. One area of this district with high influence of pneumonia is Public Health Center of  Gondomanan, this area increased the number of pneumonia incidence in 2014-2016. This research used Cross Sectional research design with Chi Square analysis. The sample of this research is 54 respondents were obtained by Purposive Sampling technique. Instrument is used questionnaired to measure ventilation, residential density and the presence of smokers observation. Showed that there was a correlation between ventilation (p=0.000; RP=2.786), residential density (p=0.007; RP=2.043), the presence of smokers (p=0.002; RP=2.2) with pneumonia incidence on toddlers, in the Area of Puskesmas Gondomanan, Yogyakarta. Ventilation, residential density, and the presence of smokers is Correlation with pneumonia incidence on toddlers in one area of Yogyakarta. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 51-58
Publish at: 2018-03-01

A Simplified PWM Technique for Reduced Switch Count Multilevel Inverter

10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp711-721
Adireddy Ramesh, , O. Chandra Sekhar , M. Siva Kumar
Penetration of multilevel inverters (MLI) in to high power and medium voltage application has been increasing because of its advantages. The conventional two levels inverter has high harmonic distortion which gives poor power quality. Lot of topologies has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of a two level inverter. These topologies include more number of switching devices which increases the design complexity and cost. The optimum design of inverter requires less number of switches with better quality in waveform. In this paper, a symmetrical five level and seven levels inverter configuration with simplified pulse width modulation technique is proposed. This proposed inverter requires less switches, less protection circuits along with low cost and size. The analysis of the inverter circuits is done by using Matlab/Simulink software. The synthesized staircase wave form is shown and total harmonic distortion (THD) is also measured.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 711-721
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Premarital Sex among Adolescent Street Children in Pekanbaru

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.11405
Yessi Harnani , Agus Alamsyah , Al Hidayati
Premarital sex is any behavior that is driven by sexual desire with the opposite sex before marriage. Some premarital sex activities include feeling, kissing, necking, petting, and intercourse. Premarital sex in adolescents has a negative impact such as unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, resulting in increased maternal, neonatal deaths and perinatal, increasing the incidence of HIV / AIDS, dropping out of school. To Know Relations factors knowledge, girlfriend status, exposure to pornography, family harmony, the negative influence of peers and parental supervision with premarital sex on street adolescent girls. Quantitative analytical observational method with cross sectional design. Samples of 100 teenage children street children in Pekanbaru City. Snow ball sampling technique, Instrument is a questionnaire. Univariate data analysis, multivariate bivariate with logistic regression test. showed 65% (65 people) prenup sex, 78% dating, 74% pornography exposure, peer influence 70%, lack of knowledge of youth 61%, family not harmonious 80%, and low parental supervision 57 %. The related variables (p value <0.05) with premarital sex behavior are boyfriend status, pornographic exposure and peer influence. Status girlfriend most risky 39 times premarital sex. There is relationship and influence of 3 factors to premarital sex on adolescent child of Street of Pekanbaru Town. Suggestions for the formation of containers such as peer counselor and BKR (Youth Family Development) as a precautionary measure to increase the number of premarital sex incidents in the juveniles Street Children Pekanbaru.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 22-26
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Integrated Algorithm for Decreasing Active Power Loss

10.11591/ijai.v7.i1.pp33-41
Lenin Kanagasabai
This paper projects an Integrated Algorithm (IA) for solving optimal reactive power problem. Quick convergence of the Cuckoo Search (CS), the vibrant root change of the Firefly Algorithm (FA), and the incessant position modernization of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been combined to form the Integrated Algorithm (IA).  In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Integrated Algorithm (IA), it has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Simulation results show that Integrated Algorithm (IA) is considerably reduced the real power loss and voltage profile within the limits.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 33-41
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Sources of Cardiovascular Health Information and Channels of Health Communication among Urban Population in Nigeria

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.10767
Ejiofor Augustine Ezika , Beth Cross , Moira Lewitt
This study employed mixed methods to investigate the preferred sources of health information and later explored the views of community healthcare workers on the enablers, barriers and ways of overcoming barriers to health communication. The study found that majority of the participants preferred their source of CV (cardiovascular) health information from the healthcare workers including the medical doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. On the other hand, the least preferred source of health information was from friends, family members, and community leaders. Some of the identified enablers to community health communication include awareness programme via Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), community-based organisations such as faith-based organisations and healthcare facilities. Others are traditional media and social media. The identified barriers to community-based health communication include lack of knowledge and poverty, language barriers, and other miscellaneous issues including misuse of internet, lack of basic amenities and religious beliefs. The community-based healthcare providers articulated ways to overcome the identified barriers, including enlightenment programmes, using the language of the target audience, funding health awareness programmes, and monitoring of health education interventions. This study concludes that dissemination of health information using numerous channels is essential in ensuring population-wide primary prevention of diseases.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 72-80
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Affective Disorders in The Elderly: The Risk of Sleep Disorders

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.9960
Eni Folendra Rosa , Nelly Rustiaty
The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship of sleep disorders to the incidence of affective disorders. In addition, assess whether the relationship remains significant after controlled variable bullies that also affect the occurrence of sleep disorders and or affective disorders in elderly. Observational study with unmatched case control study design. Individual population age 60 years or older, sampling probability proportional to size, consist of case group that is experiencing sleep disturbance (n=165) and control group (n=330). Respondent sleep disturbance affective disorder 23.6%. There is a significant relationship of sleep disorders to affective disorders. Sleep disorders at risk 2.47 times affective disorder. Sleep disorders can be insomnia, awakening at night or waking up too early which can lead to psychological disorders such as psychological disorders such as anger, unstable emotions, sadness, distress, anxiety is also a physical disorder such as pain in the body. If not immediately addressed can continue to occur depression and even threaten psychiatric disorders. Further research needs to be done to overcome sleep disorders in the elderly. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 33-38
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Identification of Potential Drug Interaction with Complementary and Alternative Medicines among Chronic Disease Outpatients

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.11438
Nurul Maziyyah , Apri Nurdianto , Arsitania Kun Fajria
Chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are related with multiple drug prescription which can lead to drug interaction. The high usage of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in Indonesians can also increase the risk for drug interaction. The objective of this study is to describe CAMs use and identify potential drug interaction with CAMs in CHF and CKD outpatients. The study is a cross sectional study. Data of prescribed drugs and CAMs consumed by the patients was collected by using medication reconciliation process. Data of routine CAMs and prescribed medicines were compared to identify potential drug interactions which were then classified based on their mechanism and significance. The result showed that 6,90 % of CHF patients and 25 % of CKD patients consumed CAMs. Potential drug interaction between the CAMs and the prescribed drugs was identified in 2.74% of patients consuming CAMs. Based on the mechanism, interaction was dominated by pharmacodynamics interaction (69.2%) while interaction significancy was various. It can be concluded that CAMs usage was more familiar in CKD patients compared to CHF patients. Potential drug interaction with CAMs was able to be identified through medication reconciliation process and should be taken into awareness by the healthcare team.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 59-64
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Train Obstacle Detection System Using Avr Microcontroller and SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp650-654
A.A. Aziz , W.R.W. Ahmad
In Malaysia, railway is considered as the backbone of transport, connecting people from all across the country. With the current state of economy, more people prefer to choose train as main transportation especially in big city area such as Kuala Lumpur. With lower cost and relatively the safest form of transports compared to the other transports, like cars, motorcycles or busses, it is a wise choice to use train as daily commute transport. Nowadays, the rail traffic network in Malaysia are getting busier with trains traveling at higher speeds and carrying more passengers with heavier axle loads than before. With the increase of passenger, the risk involved in daily train operation will significantly increase. An improved safety system is required to keep up with the ever growing train loads. The proposed safety system is applied to alert the train operators. The whole system is comprised of an ultrasonic sensor connected to a database and an Atmega328P microcontroller mounted on a custom PCB board. It is found that the train in this country requires a distance of 77 meter in order to completely stop the train with regards to a few assumptions on the average mass and the speed of the train.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 650-654
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Reconfigurable Modulation Scheme for Communication System

10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp624-628
Mohamed Syed Ali
In any communication system transmitter and receiver are used to transmit the signal via wired or wireless channel. In the transmitter, modulation is one of the processes to transmit the signal efficiently. Likewise, receiver contains demodulation to recover the original signal from the transmitter. In general, the communication system uses one modulation/demodulation process at a time. It cannot use different modulation/demodulation within a single system. To overcome this problem reconfiguration technique is implemented. It is the method using different modulation scheme at the same time. It will increase the efficiency of the communication system. QPSK and BPSK modulation technique is used to transmit and receive the signal.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 624-628
Publish at: 2018-03-01

The Role of Wijaya Kusuma's Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R) on Adolescent Health Problems

10.11591/ijphs.v7i1.10398
Khoiriyah Isni , Ratu Matahari
The issue of adolescent health is important for national development. Adolescents need a place that can provide facilities in the form of correct information and life skills improvement programs. So as to deal with various health problems of adolescent. Government efforts to overcome these problems through the establishment of the Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R) that can be done in schools. PIK-R in schools that have been formed can be assessed its role to adolescent health problems. The purpose of this research is to know the role of PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma in overcoming the health problem of adolescent among non-members of PIK-R. The research used qualitative design with case study approach. The data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) technique on 10 non PIK-R member students. The results of the study reported that PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma has an important role as health information source for non PIK-R member students in facing adolescent health problems. Besides, teachers and NGOs. Awareness of non-members of PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma related to adolescent's vulnerability to high adolescent health problems, peers and family plays an important role in adolescent health behavior.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 27-32
Publish at: 2018-03-01

A Comprehensive Study and Analysis of LEACH and HEED Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks – With Suggestion for Improvements

10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp778-783
G. Anitha , V. Vijayakumari , S. Thangavelu
The main interesting aspect of the digital era is the widely spread ease of communication from one end of the world to the other end of the world. There is a revolution in communication, digitalization, globalization, video calling, wireless data transfer and this is possible due to networking. Initially computer networks is the data sharing where data such as documents, file, reports, presentation files, videos, images etc can be shared within a local network or remotely connected networks. Traditional data networking is to empower end-to-end information transfer. The data in such networks are carried across point-to-point links and the intermediate nodes just forward the packets, where the payload of the packets is not modified. Traditional LANs need wires, which may be difficult to set up in some situations.It is very much understandable and clearly visible that wired communication is being completely overtaken by wireless technologies in the recent past. Wireless LANs, by its very nature, empowers with increased mobility and flexibility. Wi-Fi devices get connected to the internet through WLAN and access points. 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands are used by Wi-Fi. Also, it is to be understood that, a wireless adhoc network is distributed in its nature. It is also to be noted that, the adhoc nature makes these network to rely on any of the pre-existing infrastructure. The data forwarding shall happen from the nodes very much dynamically based on the connectivity and the routing algorithm used.  
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 778-783
Publish at: 2018-03-01

BIST Architecture using Area Efficient Low Current LFSR for Embedded Memory Testing Applications Applications

10.11591/ijres.v7.i1.pp1-11
M. Parvathi , N. Vasantha , K. Satya Prasad
One of the important block of BIST controller is LFSR and the speed with which BIST operates depends on LFSR systems design. There are methods in implementing LFSR using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or digital signal processors (DSPs). BIST controller system speed is then limited to FPGAs and DSPs, which may influence other parameters such as overall area, maximum current, limit and power dissipation. This paper proposes a technique to achieve an efficient BIST controller by redesigning LFSR using GDI based D flip-flops that resulted with low area and low current capabilities. This paper presents three different techniques for implementing flip-flops for an efficient LFSR so that the layout area will be minimized as well as the maximum current drawn will be lower.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 1-11
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Design and Development of IP for Modified Haar Wavelet Transform (MHWT) Image Fusion using FPGA

10.11591/ijres.v7.i1.pp57-66
Sumant S Yaliagr , Sanket Dessai
The fast growth in the field of digital imaging applications in remote sensing, bio medical and other satellite applications had created an architecture studies for image fusion in capable to store large amount of data and process. An algorithm considered for the process of image fusion for implementation of FPGA is Modified Haar Wavelet Transform (MHWT) based image fusion where at the time four pixels are consider in calculation of different bands as compared to conventional Haar wavelet based image fusion. The process of modification uses far less memory and computation power. The FPGA implementation of MHWT based image fusion is done on Digilent development board with Spartan 6 series FPGA. The architecture is developed in VHDL. The timing analysis is done and report is obtained for I/O interactions, memory units etc. The architecture is made to run in cosimulation with Simulink. The design is tested with different kinds of images and run successfully. The visual analysis of the resultant fused image is achived and observed.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 57-66
Publish at: 2018-03-01

Harmonic Load Diagnostic Techniques and Methodologies: A Review

10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp690-695
A.S. Hussin , A.R. Abdullah , M.H. Jopri , T Sutikno , N.M. Saad , Weihown Tee
This paper will review on the existing techniques and methodologies of harmonic load diagnostic system. The increasingly amount of harmonic producing load used in power system are the main contribution in quantifying each harmonic disturbance effects of the multiple harmonic producing loads and it became very important. Literature proposes two different techniques and methods on the harmonic source identification under the soft computing technique classification. The advantages and disadvantages of harmonic load identification techniques and methods are discussed in this paper. In the proposed method, the issue on the harmonic contribution is determine and transformed to a data correlation analysis. Several techniques to identify the sources of harmonic signals in electric power systems are described and reviewed based on previous paper. Comparative studies of the methods are also done to evaluate the performance of each techniques. However, without sufficient information in this inconsistent environment on the property of the power system, accurate harmonic producing load diagnosis methods are important and further investigations in this regard assumes great implication.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 690-695
Publish at: 2018-03-01

The Impact of Different Missing Data Handling Methods on DINA Model

10.11591/ijere.v7i1.11682
Seçil Ömür Sünbül
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the impact of different missing data handling methods on DINA model parameter estimation and classification accuracy. In the study, simulated data were used and the data were generated by manipulating the number of items and sample size. In the generated data, two different missing data mechanisms (missing completely at random and missing at random) were created according to three different amounts of missing data. The generated missing data was completed by using methods of treating missing data as incorrect, person mean imputation, two-way imputation, and expectation-maximization algorithm imputation. As a result, it was observed that both s and g parameter estimations and classification accuracies were effected from, missing data rates, missing data handling methods and missing data mechanisms.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page: 77-86
Publish at: 2018-03-01
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