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31,377 Article Results

Determinants of dietary adequacy among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18365
Abdu Oumer Abdu , Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen
Dietary diversity (DD) is a validated proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among different age groups including infants, children and women. This study assessed level of dietary adequacy and its associated factors among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. Survey was conducted among 769 children aged 6 to 12 years of with their care givers using multistage sampling method. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire containing the ten food groups for minimum dietary diversity for women and other parts. Adequate dietary diversity was categorized those children who consume at least five food groups. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression with odds ratios (95% CI) was computed. Overall 769 children were included in the study, with a mean age of 8 years. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.9 (±1.42). About 444 (58.3%) had an inadequate dietary diversity. Those children from extended family size had 1.3 times to have inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3). Children from female headed households, did not attend formal education had 1.3 and 1.4 times higher odds of having an inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3 and 1.4). Similarly, children living with uneducated caregiver had six fold more likely to have an adequate DD level (AOR=6.7). The dietary diversity of children in the study area was below average. Household head, caregiver’s educational status, occupation of the household head, father/female headed household and family size were found to be associated with DD score. There should be awareness creation through existing Health extension platform and back yard vegetation should be improved.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 211-218
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Toward semantic similarity measure between concepts in an ontology

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1356-1372
Suwan Tongphu , Boontawee Suntisrivaraporn , Pakinee Aimmanee
A similarity measure is one classical problem in Description Logic which aims at identifying the similarity between concepts in an ontology. Finding a hierarchy distance among concepts in an ontology is one popular technique. However, one major drawback of such a technique is that it usually ignores a concept definition analysis. This work introduces a new method for similarity measure. The proposed system semantically analyzes structures of two concept descriptions and then computes the similarity score based on the number of shared features. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is measured by means of the satisfaction of desirable properties and intensive experiments on the Snomed ct ontology.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1356-1372
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Lifetime enhancement for clustering protocols in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1305-1314
Basim Abood , Yasser Kareem Al-Rikabi
In this paper, we propose a new clustering method called fuzzy stable election protocol (FSEP), which is capable to overcome the bottleneck problem and addressing the uneven energy consumption problem in heterogeneous WSNs. We also propose an energy-efficient routing method called particle swarm optimization routing method (PSORM) to find the optimal routing path for the heterogeneous WSNs. PSORM seeks to investigate the problems of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime. To demonstrate the effectiveness of FSEP-PSORM in terms of lessening end-to-end delay, balancing energy consumption, and maximization of heterogeneous network lifetime, we compare our method with three approaches namely, chessboard clustering approach, PEGASIS, and LEACH. Simulation results show that the network lifetime achieved by FSEP-PSORM could be increased by nearly 38%, 45%, and 60% more than that obtained by PEGASIS, LEACH and stable election protocol clustering (SEP), respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1305-1314
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Bio-physicochemical markers of the Aedes aegypti breeding water in endemic and non-endemic area

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18883
Nurul Hidayah , Dwi Rahmawati
The survival of Aedes aegypti larvae is inseparable from the adequacy of food, including organic substances available in the breeding water. It is very dependent on the level of water markers such as temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, and pH. The study used quantitative observational analytic with a case-control study design. Case group has consisted of breeding water in endemic area and control group was in non-endemic area. The sample size was 43 samples for each group, collected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Larvae mostly presence in endemic area (68.3%) and mostly absent in non-endemic area (85.4%) (p-value = 0.002). Temperature in endemic area mostly in 27-30oC (86%) and non-endemic area mostly in <27oC or >30oC (72.1%) (p-value = 0.000). Salinity in endemic and non-endemic areas has no difference (p-value = 0.266). DO in endemic areas were mostly in 5.02-7.82 mg/l (76.7%). While DO in non-endemic area was mostly in <5.02 mg/l or >7.82 mg/l (95.3%) (p-value = 0.001). The pH <6 or >7.8 is mostly in non-endemic areas (87.8%) and pH 6-7.8 is mostly in endemic areas (63.4%) (p-value = 0.000). Bio-physicochemical markers of breeding sites water have differences between endemic and non-endemic area except salinity. The temperature, salinity, DO, and pH affected the presence of larvae and the most affected is DO marker. While the marker that affected the presence of larvae in the non-endemic area is pH.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 151-157
Publish at: 2019-06-01

A literature review of complementary and alternative medicine used among diabetes mellitus patients

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.16537
Anita Joeliantina , Oedojo Soedirham , Mangestuti Agil , M. Bagus Qomaruddin , Kusnanto Kusnanto
Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires regular and sustainable health management that involves proper treatment. Some diabetic patients use CAM, as well as conventional medicine, to maintain their health and control their blood sugar. This literature review aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of CAM used by patients with diabetes, summarize and evaluate the CAM use that includes: characteristics, patterns, types and reasons, 2) propose a conceptual model associated with CAM used by patients with diabetes. Systematic reviews were searched using an electronic database. The systematic reviews were published between 2005 and 2015 by using specific keywords. The number of systematic reviews obtained as a search result is 14 articles from 14 countries. The prevalence of CAM used by patients with diabetes ranged from 16.6% to 76%. Determinants associated with the CAM use were age, gender, family income, occupation, residence, and the characteristics of the disease, such as the length of time since diagnosed and complications. Most patients used CAM, along with the conventional treatment, and did not inform health professionals about the CAM use. The CAM use by patients with diabetes was relatively high and the confidence of patients believed the benefits of CAM. Therefore, integration with health professionals to develop CAM management is highly required.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 277-286
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Description of complete basic immunization coverage among infant

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18888
Farid Agushybana , Syamsulhuda BM , Sutopo Patria Jati , Martini Martini , Ayun Sriatmi
Immunization coverage in every city/regency must be conducted in accordance with the standard coverage to suppress infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccination. Temanggung regency is one of the cities/regencies in Central Java Province that have not reached 100% of village universal coverage immunization (UCI). The aim of this study was to determine the coverage of complete basic immunization in infants in Temanggung regency. The design of this study was descriptive observational with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The respondents of the research were parents having babies and the sample size was 520 children. The instrument used was the Rapid Card Check Form recommended by UNICEF. The results showed that there were still infants who had not been immunized. The reasons were that the infants had low birth weight, sick children during immunization, and no support from parents. As the immunization program aims to reduce infant and child mortality, parental awareness is important to increase immunization coverage in Temanggung regency.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 174-178
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Black cumin seed oil increase leucocyte and CD4Thelper number in sprague-dawley rats induced with dimethylbenzanthracene

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.17930
Titiek Hidayati , Akrom Akrom , Indrayanti Indrayanti , Sagiran Sagiran
Cigarette smoke contains 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Metabolic of DMBA is immunosuppressive. Black cumin seed oil (BCSO) is an immunomodulation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BCSO on leukocyte, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg in Sprague-Dawley (SD) mice induced with DMBA. The 96 SD rats were divided into 8 groups of 12. Group I received aquabidest and standard feeding. Groups II, III and IV received BCSO (an equivalent of 6.8, 68 and 136 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone, respectively). Group V received thymoquinone (50 mg / kg BW / day) and group VI received tamoxifen (60 mg / kg BW). Group VII (DMBA) was induced with DMBA (10x20mg / kg BW for 5 weeks). Group VIII received standard feeding and corn oil treatment. In the third week, all groups began to be induced with DMBA (20 mg/kg BW twice per week for five weeks). Data collection of leukocytes, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg was performed at week 27th. The mean difference of CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg counts between groups was calculated with one way ANOVA. Results: The administration of BCSO, thymoquinone, and tamoxifen had increased leukocytes and CD4 Th cell count. The CD4Th cell count of the treatment groups was higher than that of the DMBA group (p <0.05). BCSO equivalent doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone showed immunoprotective effects. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the BCSO administration at doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day shows immunoprotective effects due to DMBA induction.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 238-245
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Determinants of food safety practices among food handlers in selected food establishments

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18364
Abdu Oumer
Despite great efforts against foodborne diseases, the occurrence of these problems remains a significant health issue in both developed and developing countries. This study was to assess determinants of food safety practice among food handlers in selected food establishments in Dire Dawa City administration, in 2017. Cross sectional survey was conducted among 356 food handlers from the selected food establishments in different categories. The CODEX food safety questionnaire was used to assess food safety knowledge (23 questions), attitude (six questions) and practice using interview and observation checklists (15 points). Satisfactory practice was defined as those who practice 70% of food safety measures correctly. Frequency, percentage, mean, binary logistic regression with a crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval were calculated. Out of the total study subjects, 354 food handlers participated in this study with 99.4% response rate. A total of 191 food handlers, 54.0% were female with overall mean age of 29.5 years. About 129 (36.4%), 194 (54.8%) and 106 (29.9%) had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and satisfactory food safety practice. Having food safety training (AOR= 2.0), with adequate knowledge (AOR = 2.83), positive attitude (AOR= 2.09), presence of food safety guideline (AOR = 2.23) and supervision (AOR= 2.07) were significant predictors of satisfactory food safety practices. In general food safety/hygienic practices of food handlers was found to be low. Having adequate knowledge, positive attitude, presence of food safety guideline and formal food safety training were significant predictors of food safety practices among food handlers.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 229-237
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Rakebot: a robotic rake for mixing paddy in sun drying

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1165-1170
Ertie Cusipag Abana , Meljiflor Pacion , Roxanne Sordilla , Daniel Montaner , Dennis Agpaoa , Rryma Mae Allam
Sun drying is a conventional drying method of paddy commonly used in Asia. During the process, grains are mixed and turned continuously using a rake to maintain good quality. For this reason, a robotic rake or Rakebot was developed in this study to properly mix the grains during sun drying. Rakebot is manually controlled using a mobile application through Bluetooth connection but can also move automatically using the previous movements that were recorded on the first used. It was developed using a microcontroller that gives directions to the motors based on the received instructions from the mobile application. The recorded movements are saved in a memory card by means of a memory card module connected to the microcontroller. The objective measures showed that the Rakebot ensures simultaneous reduction of the moisture content of paddy. Also, the rake design of the robot prevents fissuring of grains.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1165-1170
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Integrating palliative care and hospice services in long term care: an eightfold path health policy analysis

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.20061
Amil Kusain Tan
It is evident in the literature that as near end of life approaches, health expenditure increases. The rehospitalization and underutilization of palliative and hospice services add to the burgeoning health cost. There is a lack of support for patients with advanced illness in long-term care facilities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the problem and assess alternatives to reduce readmission among patients with advanced disease and those who are at the end of life.  This paper adapted Bardach’s Eightfold Path analysis as a guide to analyzing the problem using a case study approach. The article discussed the issues, reviewed the literature for evidence, provided the alternatives, identified criteria, evaluated projected outcomes, discussed the trade-offs of adopting the policy, and provided a recommendation. In conclusion, integration of palliative and hospice care services across the continuum of long-term care is a viable alternative policy to address the problem.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 143-150
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Prevalence of hypospadias patients with undescended testis

10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.19149
Abrar Arbhiwa Tanguirsyaf Siregar , Shalita Dastamuar , Theodorus Theodorus , Marta Hendry
Hypospadias is an anomaly of meatus urethra externus on ventral penis. It caused by incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypospadias with undescended testis in the Department of Surgery Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang Indonesia. A prevalence study was done in the Medical Records Department of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from July 2018 to February of 2019. 103 patients met study inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis of the patients’ data was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The study found that hypospadias was most common in the age group of 1 to 5 years old (49.5%) and the most common type of hypospadias was severe hypospadias (68.9%). Furthermore, 7 out of 103 patients (6.8%) were hypospadias patients with undescended testis and the most common types of undescended testis among them were bilateral undescended testis and left undescended testis with 3 patients each (42,85%). Prevalence of hypospadias with undescended testis were 7 people (6,8%).
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 158-162
Publish at: 2019-06-01

How software size influence productivity and project duration

10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp2006-2017
Mridul Bhardwaj , Ajay Rana , Neeraj Kumar Sharma
To make a perfect project plan, the software size of the order from the customer is the most important factor. The biggest challenge for the project manager is to estimate the project end date in the beginning of the project i.e. in project planning phase with realistic accuracy. Apart from other major inputs to estimate the project end date, expected team capability (productivity) and estimated software size are the major inputs that may influence the project end date. Software size is one of the most significant independent metric available in the planning phase and project manager has to estimate the other metrics based on the initial estimated software size. There is no direct relationship available between software size and project duration or software size and team productivity, however, there are industry data published by Quantitative Software Management and ISBSG that shows how these metrics influence each other. In this paper, using the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management, we try to statistically establish how productivity and project duration are influenced by software size. We have done linear regression analysis by generating the secondary data based on the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management. Linear regression equation validated with the actual project data and experimental results suggest that that productivity is significantly dependent on software size, however, project duration does not significantly depend on software size but may also be dependent on other metrics like team size, apart from software size.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 2006-2017
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Test-framework: performance profiling and testing web search engine on non factoid queries

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1373-1381
Althaf Ali A , Mahammad Shafi R
Performance profiling and testing is one of the interesting topics in the big data management and Cloud Computing. In testing, we use test cases composed to different type of queries to evaluate the performance aspects of the information retrieval system for large scale information collection. This test scenarioperforms the evaluation ofretrieval accuracy for all kind of ambiguity and non factoid queries with result set as Training data. This stands difficult to evaluate the retrieval method in order to schedule or optimize the Recommendation and prediction technique of the IR method to the Real time queries. The Queries is considered as requirement specification which has to supply to search engine or web information provider applications for information or web page retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel technique named as “Test Retrieval Framework“a performance profiling and testing of the web search engines on the information retrieved towards non factoid queries. In this technique, we apply expectation maximization algorithm as an iterative method to find maximum likelihood estimate.We discuss on the important aspects in this work based on Recommendation models integrating domain and web usage, Query optimization for navigational and Transactional queries, Query Result records.The Experimental results demonstrates the proposed technique outperforms of state of arts approaches in terms of set based measures like Precision, Recall and F measure and rank based measures like Mean Average Precision and Cumulative Gain.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1373-1381
Publish at: 2019-06-01

A chaotic based integrity verification and encryption model for real-time VANET

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1425-1432
Kareemulla Shaik , Dr. Md. Ali Hussain
Integrity and data privacy are the main security parameters between the vehicle and roadside unit (RSU) over large VANETs.  The integrity of the vehicle is used to check its identity against the neighboring nodes, whereas data privacy ensures that the data of a vehicle has not been altered during the communication process. VANETs provide vehicles to give information about the security parameters and identity to vehicle to infrastructure communication and vehicle to vehicle communication. Most of the traditional VANETs are vulnerable to data security, integrity and authentication due to change in dynamic topology. Also, Traditional security models require limited data size for data security between the V2V or V2I. In this paper, an integrity verification model and non-linear double encryption model were proposed and implemented on large geographical VANET map. The main objective of the proposed model is to improve the security of the V2V communication in large VANETs. Experimental results proved that the proposed security model has less computation cost for encryption model and higher bit change during integrity verification compared to the existing approaches.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1425-1432
Publish at: 2019-06-01

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in wavelet packet modulation Using Binary Phase Sequence.

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1210-1219
Vijaya M. Kulkarni , A. S. Bhalchandra
A novel method of Peak–to-Average–Power-Ratio reduction is presented in this paper using  WPT  for multi carrier modulationand Riemann matrix for phase sequencing in SLM. Wavelet Packet Multicarrier Modulation(WPM) is a betteralternative to the existing multicarrier transmission system,OFDM system which suffers from high PAPR.Further reduction in Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)is achieved by using Wavelet Packet Modulation(WPM) with SLM technique. Classical SLM uses random phases for phase rotations which  suffers from the additional load  of transmitting SI(side Information) to receiver. So to overcome a novel method is proposed here  which uses  the principle of varying the phases of the subcarrier data block to be transmitted ,using rows of the normalised Reimann matrix as phase sequence vectors for the Selected Mapping (SLM)Technique. The generated WPM frame with minimum PAPR is selected and transmitted .The proposed system achieves a significant improvement in PAPR reduction over the OFDM-classical SLM and WPM-classical SLM.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1219
Publish at: 2019-06-01
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