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The home and school environments, physical activity levels, and adiposity indices of school-age children

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.16601
Patience K Gaa , Charles Apprey , Reginald Annan , Victor Mogre , Victoria P Dzogbefia
The home and school environments as well as physical activity may be linked to the development of childhood obesity. We evaluated the home and school environments (HSEs), physical activity levels (PAL), television viewing (TVV) and their associations with adiposity indices of school-age children. This cross-sectional study included children aged 6-12 years and their parents from Tamale, Ghana. HSEs and TVV were assessed using questionnaires. The physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C) was used to assess children’s PALs. Weight, height and waist circumferences were measured using standard tools. About 45% of children lived within a walking distance to parks or outdoor recreation centres. Majority of the parents considered their neighbourhoods to be safe for children to engage in physical activity. Only 27% of the schools had a food and nutrition policy, and more than 70% had a field for outdoor activities. Children watched TV for an average of 1.7 hours/day. Mean physical activity scores was 2.51. The school-age children had mean (SD) BMI-for-age z-scores was -0.23(1.47). Time spent watching TV or playing video games was associated with children’s BMI-for-age z-scores (β=0.48, p=0.043), BMI (β=2.28 p=0.005), and % body fat (β=3.80, p=0.005). Child’s level of activity was negatively associated with waist circumference (β =-0.65, p<0.001). Lack of nutrition policy in schools was common. TVV hours predisposed children to excess weight whiles physical activity decreased the likelihood of being obese. 
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 82-92
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Speech recognition of moroccan dialect using hidden markov models

10.11591/ijai.v8.i1.pp7-13
Bezoui Mouaz , Beni-hssane Abderrahim , Elmoutaouakkil Abdelmajid
This paper addresses the development of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for the Moroccan Dialect. Dialectal Arabic (DA) refers to the day-to-day vernaculars spoken in the Arab world. In fact, Moroccan Dialect is very different from the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) because it is highly influenced by the French Language. It is observed throughout all Arab countries that standard Arabic widely written and used for official speech, news papers, public administration and school but not used in everyday conversation and dialect is widely spoken in everyday life but almost never written. we propose to use the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features to specify the best speaker identification system. The extracted speech features are quantized to a number of centroids using vector quantization algorithm. These centroids constitute the codebook of that speaker. MFCC’s are calculated in training phase and again in testing phase. Speakers uttered same words once in a training session and once in a testing session later. The Euclidean distance between the MFCC’s of each speaker in training phase to the centroids of individual speaker in testing phase is measured and the speaker is identified according to the minimum Euclidean distance. The code is developed in the MATLAB environment and performs the identification satisfactorily.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 7-13
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Performance analysis of supercapacitors for transportation industry

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1031-1038
Vinoth Jonathan Nagarajah , Hui Jing Lee , King Guan Tan , Nathawat Khunprasit
Monitoring device is essential to ensure a reliable and a healthy lifespan of the energy storage system. Hence, a monitoring device is needed to monitor the state of health and state of charge of a Supercapacitor. This project aims to demonstrate a method to monitor Supercapacitors using a microcontroller in both hardware and software approaches. The data was successfully collected by an online platform called ThingSpeak.
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 1031-1038
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Reducing primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls with mung bean extract drinks and stretching

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.14852
Baiq Dewi Sukma Septiani , Adi Prayitno , Sugiarto Sugiarto
Primary dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation period due to high levels of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin F2α in epithelial cells. MungBean Extract Drinks contain several nutrients including vitamin C, calcium, carbohydrates and flavonoids as anti-depressants and anti-inflammatory agent. Stretching is a relaxation technique that can helps relieve menstrual pain in the abdominal part by increasing the production of endorphins which function as neurotransmitters. To determine the effect of Mung Bean ExtractDrinks and Stretching on primary dysmenorrhea (primary menstrual pain) in adolescent girls stressed. This type of open-label non-randomized controlled trial used 87female adolescents who experienced primary menstrual pain with moderate and severe stress levels from two Islamic boarding schools in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which were divided into 3 groups, one group as the control and two groups as the experiment. The experiment of 29people with pre and post-test. Mung bean extract drinks were given 250ml/day, otherwise stretching was given 1x/day for 7days before menstruation. Control and experimental group was observed for 1 month. Measurement of menstrual pain scale using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) assessment sheet. Data analysis uses T-test. The mean primary menstrual pain in adolescents for MungBean Extract Drinks with moderate stress levels was 1.31±1.32 and the difference before and after mung bean extract drinks experience is significant at p=0.004 while at severe stress levels was 1.69±1.54 and the difference between before and after mung bean extract drinks experience is significant at p=0.001. The mean primary menstrual pain in adolescents for stretching experience with moderate stress levels was 2.50±1.93 and the difference before and after stretching experience is significant at p=0.008 while the severe stress level was 2.05±1.80 and the difference before and after stretching experience is significant at p≤0.001. The multivariate test with linear regression revealed that mung bean extract drinks contributed y= (-)138X1+4.897(p=0.001) and related stretching contributed y= (-)2.517X1+6.276(p=0.001). MungBean ExtractDrinks and Stretching will affect to the reduction of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls both at moderate and severe stress levels
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 58-64
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Performance assessment of six public health programs in Katsina State, Nigeria

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.18218
Laurent Cleenewerck , Devender Bhalla , Kabiru Abubakar Gulma
This research aimed to evaluate the performance of six ongoing public health programs through core performance indicators in Katsina State, Nigeria. The healthcare delivery in Africa is mostly program-based. This requires that such programs need to be evaluated which may in turn help to identify any existing gaps towards the improvement of patients' access and coverage to their given service. We identified all active health facilities where our programs on malaria, Routine Immunization (RI), Family Planning (FP), Tuberculosis and Leprosy (TBL), HIV/AIDS, and Free Medicare (FMC) were being carried out. After that, a representative sample was derived to obtain data regarding five key performance indicators by using a Logistics Indicators Assessment Tool. Of 1,718 facilities, a total of 983 (57.22%) were visited, In other words, by assuming a normal distribution; each facility expectedly covers only 3,371 individuals. All programs provided different and diverse results on each indicator; however, the most obvious challenge was in the stock-out and demand vs. receipt of required medications. These are particularly for malaria, FMC, FP, and HIV. For instance, the stock-out lasted 222 days for malaria and 135 days for FP. Despite this, none of the programs had a lower than gold-standard near-term availability of required products. Program-based healthcare delivery is inadequate and ineffective unless the local system gets simultaneously developed. If required medications are not becoming available, optimal access, coverage, and benefits cannot be expected to be obtained. Clearly, Nigeria experiences a push system of meeting term supplies. Nigeria needs to strengthen its pharmaceutical system.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 127-134
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Micronutrient intake and fundal height determine birth weight

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.16311
Faradina Aghadiati , Diffah Hanim , Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
The birth weight (BW) are utilized as indicators of the healthy and term newborns. Factor that affects the weight of a newborn are micronutrient intake and fundal height. Folic acid and iron (Fe) were associated with newborn birth weight. Fundal height in centimeters (cm) is the same as the gestational age of the week, the fundal height that is not in accordance with the gestational age is leading to stunted fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between intake of folic acid, iron (Fe) and fundal height with newborn birth weight. This research method was an analytic observational using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study were 114 pregnant women living in Yogyakarta. Statistical test results proved a significant relationship between the intake of folic acid and iron (Fe) with the newborn birth weight (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the fundal height with the newborn birth weight (p < 0.05). The concludes of this study, pregnant women with adequate folic acid intake, adequate iron intake and normal fundal height tended to give birth newborns with normal birth weight.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 93-100
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Adherence and quality of life among diabetic patients with hypertension

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.15240
Akrom Akrom , Wima Anggitasari
The level of treatment adherence and quality of life are not known in diabetic patients with hypertension. The study aim was to evaluate the level of adherence and quality of life of diabetic patients with hypertension in Bantul Public Hospital (BPH), Bantul, Indonesia.This study used a Cross-sectional method by conducting a survey through a direct interview with the patient. Participants of this study were 143 diabetic patients with hypertension in the internal disease clinic of BPH. Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure the level of treatment adherence and SF36 questionnaires were used to measure the quality of life. Descriptive and analytical statistical was performed on data from the adherence assessment, quality of life, demographic characteristic and the clinical condition of the research participant. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square was performed to assess the relationship between demographic and clinical factors to the high level of adherence. The majority of respondents had moderate and low levels of adherence. There were 34 patients (23.78%) with a high level of adherence, 56 patients (39.16%) with moderate level of adherence, and 53 patients (37.06%) with low level of adherence. Respondents also had low quality of life, in which the average score of quality of life was 61.96±12.48. Male and college-educated patients have higher adherence (OR>1, p<0.05) compared to other groups. Medication adherence and quality of life of diabetic patients with hypertension in BPH were relatively low. Male and high college-educated patients were associated with high levels of adherence
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 14-19
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Evaluating windowing-based continuous S-transform with neural network classifier for detecting and classifying power quality disturbances

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1136-1142
K. Daud , A. Farid Abidin , A. Paud Ismail , M. Daud A. Hasan , M. Affandi Shafie , A. Ismail
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of windowing-based Continuous S-Transform (CST) techniques, namely, one-cycle and half-cycle windowing with Multi-layer Perception (MLP) Neural Network classifier. Both, the techniques and classifier are used to detect and classify the Power Quality Disturbances (PQDs) into one of possible classes, voltage sag, swell and interrupt disturbance signal. For realizing evaluation, we proposed the methodology that include the PQD generation, the signal detection using windowing-based CST, the features extraction from S-contour matrices, PQD classification using MLP classifier. Then, we perform two type of assessments. Firstly, the accuracy assessment of chosen classifier in relation to three different training algorithms. Secondly, the execution time comparison of the training algorithms. Based on assessment results, we outline several recommendations for future work.
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 1136-1142
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Age, parity and birth spacing to the incidence of preeclampsia

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.16646
Reza Kartikadewi , Endah Marianingsih Theresia , Niken Meilani
Preeklampsia is complication in pregnancy characterized by various symptoms as clinical hypertension and protein urine and usually occurs after the age of 20 weeks of pregnancy until 48 hours after labor. Highest Insidence of preeclampsia in DIY was in Sleman (22%- 30%). Preeclampsia was caused by multy factoral. Goal of this research aimed to know the the correlation between age, parity and birth spacing to the preeclampsia. The research used Cross sectional design with purposive sampling technique. The subject of this research was 381 labor patiens in RSUD Sleman in 2016. The data were collected from register book and medic record of labor in 2016. The data were analyzed using Chi squareand logistic regression. The analysis showed of most subjects aged ≥30 years, had parity 2, had a gestational distance of 2-5, and did not have preeclampsia.As the result showed age ≥30 years had a significant association with preeclampsia p value of 0.023 Exp B 10.630 95% CI: 1.378 to 82.005. Distance pregnancy <2 years had a significant association with preeclampsia p value 0,000  Exp B 3,201 95% CI: 1.862 to 5.503, and the distance Pregnancy >5 years had a p-value 0.013 with Exp B 3,622 95% CI: 1.308 to 10.026.The conclusion of this research shows that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of preeclampsia pregnancy spacing.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 45-50
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Model to predict duty of community nurses in promotive and preventive care

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.13461
Sismulyanto Sismulyanto , Nursalam Nursalam , Ferry Efendi , Made Mahaguna Putra , Aditha Angga Pratama
Community nurses had important role in promotive and preventive care in community. Aim of the study was to make model to predict community nurses role in promotive and preventive care based on Health Promotion Model (HPM). Design of the study was used explanatory with cross sectional approach. Sum of participant was 161. This study was conducted in 11 Public Health Center in Banyuwangi at 1 January  to 30 January 2018. Methods of data collection was cluster sampling. The data was analysed using smartPLS software.. Inner model: personal factors (t=1.981), interpersonal influences (t=4.036), situational influences (5.720),  commitment (t=5.138) had affected to community nurses duty in promotive and preventive care. This model could predict community nurses duty in promotive and preventive care in high level (Q=0.998). That was important to enhance of community nurses duty through modifying commitment of nurses, interpersonal influence factors, personal factors  and situational influence factors.  
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 26-30
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Congestion control in vehicular adhoc network: a survey

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1280-1285
Shamsul Jamel Elias , Shahirah Mohamed Hatim , Mohamad Yusof Darus , Shapina Abdullah , Jamaluddin Jasmis , R. Badlishah Ahmad , Adam Wong Yoon Khang
Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) has a significant potential in reducing traffic congestion to provide a stress-free and safer platform for road drivers to travel on the road. However, the current VANET is vulnerable to several challenges which need to be overcome. Congestion control is considered as one of the main challenges in VANET due to the high dynamic topology characteristic. Reliable congestion control (CC) are necessary to provide effectient dissemination of time-critical safety messages in VANET applications; safety and non-safety applications. In this paper, we present the overview on VANET, its application and challenges. We also discuss on the congestion control and provide a brief survey on the congestion control algorithms such as vehicular cloud computing, multiplicative rate decreasing algorithm, multi-objective Tabu search, D-FPAV algorithm and beaconing strategies which have been proposed in order to provide better solutions towards achieving a successful Smart Tranporation System.
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 1280-1285
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Africa: a necessary highlight

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.17783
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi
The purpose of this commentary is to re-evaluate the historic and scientific facts on Ebola haemorrhagic fever and the role of the international community, especially Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in stemming the tide. It rehashes the argument on causes and prevention and draws attention of readers to emphasize the need for establishment of airport, sea port and border health posts with well drilled and efficient health professionals to be able to test, detect and quarantine persons with Ebola and treat them to prevent the spread of the disease from infected persons to primary or first contacts and secondary contacts. Significantly, countries in the West African sub-region are alarmed by the potential spread of the disease to countries that have hitherto been free of the disease. The potential global threat of the disease has been analysed and measures to be taken by countries within the West-African sub-region have been emphasized. This notwithstanding, does the declaration of countries as Ebola-free suggest the last of it?
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 1-13
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Medical staff services quality to patients satisfaction based on SERVQUAL dimensions

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.17066
Febri Endra Budi Setyawan , Stefanus Supriyanto , Feny Tunjungsari , Wa Ode Nurlaily Hanifaty , Retno Lestari
Hospital service quality was a degree of discrepancy between patients’ perceptions and their expectations about hospitals services. Service quality which was provided by medical staff emphasizes the actual hospital service process.  In the hospital, patients’ satisfaction could be widely used to determine hospital service quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of medical staff services quality on patients satisfaction based on SERVQUAL dimensions. This study used an analytic observational design with cross-sectional approach. There were 314 respondents taken from inpatients hospital admission using simple random sampling. Based on regression analysis results, five dimensions of health services quality affect patients’ level of satisfaction and obtained the equation of Y = 0.026 + 0.226X1 + 0.332X2 + 0.1X3 + 0.075X4 + 0.235X5, this explained  that patients’ satisfaction was affected by all dimensions of health service quality (RATER) simultaneously. However, different values will be obtained if all dimensions were measured separately, range from 10% to 33.2%.  It could be concluded that patients’ satisfaction were influenced by the quality of medical staff services through its five components: reliability, assurance, tangible, empathy and responsiveness.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 51-57
Publish at: 2019-03-01

Data accuracy and completeness of monthly midwifery returns indicators of Ejisu Juaben Health Directorate of Ghana

10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.15934
Richard Okyere Boadu , Peter Agyei-Baffour , Anthony Kwaku Edusei
The broad range of activities contained in the provision of Primary Health Care (PHC) places a burden on providers to make optimal use of limited resources to achieve maximal health benefit to the population served. All too often, ad hoc decisions and personal preferences guide PHC resource allocations, making accountability for results impossible. Problems constraining Routine Health Information System (RHIS) performance in low-income countries include: poor data quality; limited use of available information; weaknesses in how data are analyzed and poor RHIS management practices. This study sought to investigate these constraints. A non-experimental before and after study involving bassline assessment of data accuracy and completeness, application of innovative strategies such as mentoring and coaching of Health Information Officers in data quality improvement process. Coincidentally, the intervention improved both data accuracy and completeness performance significantly among the participating facilities. The outstanding performance may be attributed to management’s new orientation and growing interest towards quality data. Engaging frontline staff in data quality improvement work and provision of regular feedback leads to improvement in data accuracy and completeness. This has implications for decision-making and resource allocation, especially in low-income countries, where the routine health information management system relies heavily on paper work.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 106-117
Publish at: 2019-03-01

A critical insight into the identity authentication systems on smartphones

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp982-989
Tehseen Mehraj , Mir Aman Sheheryar , Sajaad Ahmed Lone , A. H. Mir
The advancement of computing power on mobile devices and their popularity among people in performing sensitive data exchange is uncovering an urgent need for a highly secure solution than the existing ones. The need for such a security solution persists that should be able to thwart not only the contemporary threats but also offer continued support without bowing down to progression in technology. Though some security solutions have been contemplated, a lack of standardised or absolute security solution which can provide a feasible and secure solution to mobile phones exists. In this paper, a survey based on various biometric and non-biometric access management schemes has been performed. The copious solutions put forward by researchers so far were discovered to fail in traits like user adaptability and efficiency. Each of the works put forward by various researchers has been single-handedly contemplated followed by analysis. Ultimately, open problems and challenges were inferences from the survey conducted.
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page: 982-989
Publish at: 2019-03-01
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