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28,269 Article Results

Hybrid Low Complex near Optimal Detector for Spatial Modulation

10.11591/.v7i2.pp818-822
P. Rajani Kumari , K. Chenna Kesava Reddy , K.S. Ramesh
In our previous work maximum throughput in multi stream MIMO is analyzed by overcoming the inter antenna interference. To mitigate the Inter antenna interference spatial modulation can be used. Spatial Modulation(SM) aided MIMO systems are the emerging MIMO systems which are low complex and energy efficient. These systems additionally use spatial dimensions for transmitting information. In this paper a low complex detector based on matched filter is proposed for spatial modulation to achieve near maximum likelihood performance while avoiding exhaustive ML search since MF based detector exhibits a considerable reduced complexity since activated transmitting antenna and modulated amplitude phase modulation constellation are estimated separately. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed method with optimal ML detector, MRC and conventional matched filter methods.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 818-822
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Game-Theoretic Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks

10.11591/.v7i2.pp986-991
Sangsoon Lim
Cognitive radio networks provide dynamic spectrum access techniques to support the increase in spectrum demand. In particular, the spectrum sharing among primary and secondary users can improve spectrum utilization in unused spectrum by primary users. In this paper, we propose a novel game theoretic channel allocation framework to maximize channel utilization in cognitive radio networks. We degisn the utility function based on the co-channel interference among primary and secondary users. In addition, we embed the property of the adjacent channel intererence to consider real wireless environment. The results show that the utility function converges quickly to Nash equilibrium and achieves channel gain by up to 25 dB compared to initial assignment.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 986-991
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Compact Digital Television (DTV) Antenna for Indoor Usage

10.11591/.v7i2.pp784-790
Mohamad Aasyraaf Mohd Shaufi , Huda A. Majid , Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin , Samsul Haimi Dahlan , Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim , Osman Bin Ayop
A compact indoor digital antenna for digital terrestrial television is proposed. The design of the antenna begins with the material selection to construct the antenna by using CST software with a standard monopole antenna design. The antenna is then simulated and optimized. A bandwidth of 290 MHz (46.14%) between 500 MHz and 790 MHz is achieved with the antenna gain more than 3 dBi. Simulated results is used to demonstrate the performance of the antenna. The simulated return losses, together with the radiation patterns and gain are presented and discussed.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 784-790
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Optimal Siting of Distributed Generators in a Distribution Network using Artificial Immune System

10.11591/.v7i2.pp641-649
Meera P.S. , S. Hemamalini
Distributed generation (DG) sources are being installed in distribution networks worldwide due to their numerous advantages over the conventional sources which include operational and economical benefits. Random placement of DG sources in a distribution network will result in adverse effects such as increased power loss, loss of voltage stability and reliability, increase in operational costs, power quality issues etc. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal location for the placement of multiple DG sources in a distribution network from a technical perspective. Optimal location is obtained by evaluating a global multi-objective technical index (MOTI) using a weighted sum method. Clonal selection based artificial immune system (AIS) is used along with optimal power flow (OPF) technique to obtain the solution. The proposed method is executed on a standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system. The results justify the choice of AIS and the use of MOTI in optimal siting of DG sources which improves the distribution system efficiency to a great extent in terms of reduced real and reactive power losses, improved voltage profile and voltage stability. Solutions obtained using AIS are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) solutions for the same objective function.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 641-649
Publish at: 2017-04-01

SC-FDM-IDMA Scheme Employing BCH Coding

10.11591/.v7i2.pp992-998
Roopali Agarwal , Manoj K. Shukla
In OFDM-IDMA scheme, intersymbol interference (ISI) is resolved by the OFDM layer and multiple access interference (MAI) is suppressed by the IDMA layer at low cost . However OFDM-IDMA scheme suffers high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem. For removing high PAPR problem a hybrid multiple access scheme SC-FDM-IDMA has been proposed. In this paper, bit error rate (BER) performance comparison of SC-FDM-IDMA scheme, OFDM-IDMA scheme and IDMA scheme have been duly presented.  Moreover, the BER performance of various subcarrier mapping methods for SC-FDM-IDMA scheme as well as other results with variation of different parameters have also been demonstrated. Finally simulation result for BER performance improvement has been shown employing BCH code. All the simulation results demonstrate the suitability of SC-FDM-IDMA scheme for wireless communication under AWGN channel environment.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 992-998
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Utility Function-based Pricing Strategies in Maximizing the Information Service Provider’s Revenue with Marginal and Monitoring Costs

10.11591/.v7i2.pp877-887
Robinson Sitepu , Fitri Maya Puspita , Anggi Nurul Pratiwi , Icha Puspita Novyasti
Previous research only focus on maximizing revenue for pricing strategies for information good with regardless the marginal and monitoring costs. This paper aims to focus on the addition of marginal and monitoring costs into the pricing strategies to maintain the maximal revenue while introduce the costs incurred in adopting the strategies. The well-known utility functions applied to also consider the consumer’s satisfaction towards the service offered. The results show that the addition costs incurred for setting up the strategies can also increase the profit for the providers rather than neglecting the costs. It is also showed that the Cobb-Douglas utility functions used can enhance the notion of provider to optimize the revenue compared to quasi linear and perfect substitutes.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 877-887
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Integrated Coordination of Electric Vehicle Operations and Renewable Energy Generation in a Microgrid

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp706-712
Junghoon Lee , Gyung-Leen Park
This paper designs a microgrid energy controller capable of creating a charging or discharging schedule for electric vehicles (EVs), aiming at leveraging the integration of renewable energy and shaving the peak load in the microgrid. Dynamically activated on each time slot to cope with the prediction error for the power consumption and the renewable energy generation, the controller calculates the number of EVs to charge or make discharge first. Then, a greedy algorithm-based scheduler selects EVs according to the expected energy potential during their stays. The potential is the integral of a supply-demand margin function from the current time to the expected departure time. A simulator is implemented for performance evaluation, comparing with uncoordinated scheduling, according to the number of EVs as well as the behavior of energy load and production. The experiment result shows that the proposed scheme can reduce the energy waste by 16.9 %, cut down the microgrid-level energy insufficiency by 12.2 %, and enhance the amount of electricity supplied to EVs by 37.3 %, respectively, for given parameter setting.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 706-712
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Modeling, Analysis and Control of Different DC-DC Converter Topologies for Photovoltaic Emulator

10.11591/ijape.v6.i1.pp45-54
Mohammad Tauquir Iqbal , Mohd Tariq
This paper presents the modeling, analysis and control of different DC-DC converter topologies to emulate the photovoltaic (PV) system. A PV emulator is basically a DC-DC converter having same electrical characteristics that of solar PV panel. The emulator helps to achieve real characteristics of PV system in a better way in an environment where using actual PV systems can produce inconsistent results due to variation in weather conditions. The paper describes different types of DC-DC converters like buck, Resonant and Quasi Resonant Converter. The complete system is modelled in MATLAB® Simulink SimPowerSystem software package. The Simulation results obtained from the MATLAB® Simulink SimPowerSystem software package for different topologies under steady and dynamic conditions are analyzed and presented. An evaluation table is also presented at the end of the paper, presenting the effectiveness of each topology.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 45-54
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Intelligent Control for Visual Servoing System

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp72-79
Dwi Pebrianti , Ong Ying Peh , Rosdiyana Samad , Mahfuzah Mustafa , N. R.H Abdullah , Luhur Bayuaji
This paper presents intelligent control for visual servoing system. The proposed system consists of a camera placed on a Pan Tilt Unit (PTU) which consists of two different servo motors. Camera and PTU are connected to a personal computer for the image processing and controlling purpose. Color threshold method is used for object tracking and recognition. Two different control methods, PID and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) are designed and the performances are compared through simulation. From the simulation result, the settling time of PID controller is 40 times faster than FLC. Additionally, the rise time of PID is about 20 times faster than FLC. However, the overshoot percentage of PID controller is 4 times higher than FLC. High overshoot value is not preferable in a control system, since it will cause the damage to the system. Real implementation of FLC on a home-built visual servoing system is conducted. Two different types of FLC, 9 and 11 rules of FLC are designed and implemented on the system. The experimental result shows that FLC with different total number of rules give different system performance. The settling time of FLC with 11 rules is 2 times faster than FLC with 9 rules. Additionally, the overshoot percentage of FLC with 11 rules is 2 times lower than FLC with 9 rules.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 72-79
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Small Scale Wind Generation System: Part I – Experimental Verification Of Flux Reversal Generator Block

10.11591/ijape.v6.i1.pp1-12
B. Vidhya , K. N. Srinivas
This research work, titled Small Scale Wind Generation System, reported in part I and part II, proposes modeling, analysis and control of a small scale wind energy conversion system employing a direct driven Flux Reversal Generator (FRG) connected to the micro grid through a Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (QZSI). The application of QZSI using FRG to feed micro grid is proposed for the first time in this research work. The QZSI can realize buck/boost, inversion and power conditioning in a single stage with improved reliability. Also it features a wide range of voltage gain which is suitable for applications in wind systems, due to the fact that the wind generator output varies widely with wind velocity. In addition, the modified Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique is proposed in this paper to satisfy the shoot-through characteristic of QZSI. This also adds to the contribution of this research work. In this part I of this full research, modelling of the small scale FRG for wind system using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is presented. The major parameter of FRG viz, voltage, current, torque and power are analyzed, validated and then represented in d-q model. The simulation results are validated with the analytical results. An experimental set-up to run the full procedure reported in this paper. These results form the basis for part II of this research work.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 1-12
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Performance of Non-Uniform Duty-Cycled ContikiMAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

10.11591/.v7i2.pp942-949
Nur Rabiul Liyana Mohamed , Ansar Jamil , Lukman Hanif Audah Audah , Jiwa Abdullah , Rozlan Alias
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology in Internet of Things (IoTs) because it can be implemented in many applications. However, a main drawback of WSN is it has limited energy because each sensor node is powered using batteries. Therefore, duty-cycle mechanisms are introduced to reduce power consumption of the sensor nodes by ensuring the sensor nodes in the sleep mode almost of the time in order to prolong the network lifetime. One of the de-facto standard of duty-cycle mechanism in WSN is ContikiMAC, which is the default duty-cycle mechanism in Contiki OS. ContikiMAC ensures nodes can participate in network communication yet keep it in sleep mode for roughly 99\% of the time. However, it is found that the ContikiMAC does not perform well in dynamic network conditions. In a bursty network, ContikiMAC provides a poor performance in term of packet delivery ratio, which is caused by congestion. One possible solution is ContikiMAC should increase its duty-cycle rate in order to support the bursty traffic. This solution creates a non-uniform duty-cycle rates among the sensor nodes in the network. This work aims to investigate the effect of non-uniform duty-cycle rates on the performance on ContikiMAC. Cooja simulator is selected as the simulation tool. Three different simulation scenarios are considered depending on the Clear Channel Assessment Rate (CCR) configurations: a low uniform CCR value (Low-CCR), a high uniform CCR value (High-CCR) and non-uniform CCR values (Non-uniform-CCR). The simulation results show that the Low-CCR scenario provides the worst performance of PDR. On the other hand, the High-CCR scenario provides the best performance of PDR. The Non-uniform-CCR provides PDR in between of Low-CCR and High-CCR.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 942-949
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Z–Source Multilevel Inverter Based on Embedded Controller

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp1-8
K. Vijayalakshmi , Chinnapettai Ramalingam Balamurugan
In this paper Embedded based Z-source multilevel inverter (ZSMLI) is proposed. This work implements a five level cascaded H-bridge Z-source inverter by using embedded control. Switching devices are triggered using embedded controller. In this controller coding is described by using switching table. The presence of Z-source network couples inverter main circuit to the power source that providing special features that can overcome the limitations of VSI (voltage source inverter) and CSI (current source inverter). The Z-source concept can applicable in all dc-ac, dc-dc, ac-dc and ac-ac power conversions. Simulation model of Z-source multilevel inverter based on embedded controller has been built in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The Performance parameters of Z-source MLI such as RMS (root mean square) output voltage, THD (total harmonic distortion) and DC component have been analysed for various inductance (L) and capacitance (C) value.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 1-8
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Identification of Thalassemia Disorder using Active Contour

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp160-165
Nurhanis Izzati Binti Che Marzuki Izzati Binti Che Marzuki , Nasrul Humaimi bin Mahmood Humaimi bin Mahmood , Mohd Azhar bin Abdul Razak
Thalassemia was known as the red blood cell (RBC) morphology disorder. This disease mostly affects the shape of the red blood cells. Thalassemia becomes the major public health problem when one of the people becomes the carrier of the disease. It can occur within a months after birth or even before birth and results in inappropriate growth and development of babies. Sometimes the affected babies will die shortly after birth. In order to screen thalassemia, there are a few tests need to be done. Firstly by performed Complete Blood Count (CBC) and secondly continued with hemoglobin electrophoresis test. This CBC test will identify the morphology of RBC. Hence, this paper will discuss the methods on identifying the morphology of thalassemia blood cells by using active contour technique. From the result of 16 normal and abnormal blood cell images, the active countour methods able to identifyThalassemia blood cells with accuracy of 90% from the abnormal cell images.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 160-165
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Performance of Non-Uniform Duty-Cycled ContikiMAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp942-949
Nur Rabiul Liyana Mohamed , Ansar Jamil , Lukman Hanif Audah Audah , Jiwa Abdullah , Rozlan Alias
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology in Internet of Things (IoTs) because it can be implemented in many applications. However, a main drawback of WSN is it has limited energy because each sensor node is powered using batteries. Therefore, duty-cycle mechanisms are introduced to reduce power consumption of the sensor nodes by ensuring the sensor nodes in the sleep mode almost of the time in order to prolong the network lifetime. One of the de-facto standard of duty-cycle mechanism in WSN is ContikiMAC, which is the default duty-cycle mechanism in Contiki OS. ContikiMAC ensures nodes can participate in network communication yet keep it in sleep mode for roughly 99\% of the time. However, it is found that the ContikiMAC does not perform well in dynamic network conditions. In a bursty network, ContikiMAC provides a poor performance in term of packet delivery ratio, which is caused by congestion. One possible solution is ContikiMAC should increase its duty-cycle rate in order to support the bursty traffic. This solution creates a non-uniform duty-cycle rates among the sensor nodes in the network. This work aims to investigate the effect of non-uniform duty-cycle rates on the performance on ContikiMAC. Cooja simulator is selected as the simulation tool. Three different simulation scenarios are considered depending on the Clear Channel Assessment Rate (CCR) configurations: a low uniform CCR value (Low-CCR), a high uniform CCR value (High-CCR) and non-uniform CCR values (Non-uniform-CCR). The simulation results show that the Low-CCR scenario provides the worst performance of PDR. On the other hand, the High-CCR scenario provides the best performance of PDR. The Non-uniform-CCR provides PDR in between of Low-CCR and High-CCR.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 942-949
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Focusing Properties of a Modified Retarding Structure for Linear Electron Accelerators

10.11591/.v7i2.pp741-747
Vladimir Kuz'mich Shilov , Aleksandr Nikolaevich Filatov , Aleksandr Evgen'evich Novozhilov
When using accelerators in industry and medicine, important are the dimensions of the device used, especially the radial ones. In the linear electron accelerators based on a biperiodic retarding structure, which operates in the standing wave mode, there is a possibility to provide focusing of the accelerated particles with the help of high-frequency fields without the use of external focusing elements. In the accelerating cell, due to the presence of the far protruding drift sleeves, the electric field lines become strongly curved, which leads to the appearance in the regions adjacent to these sleeves of a substantial in magnitude radial component of the electric field. The particles entering the accelerating gap experience the action of a force directed toward the axis of the system, and at the exit, of a force directed away from the axis. Under certain conditions, alternation of the focusing and defocusing fields can lead to a general focusing effect. In the paper we study the focusing properties of a modified biperiodic structure with standing wave. The main attention is paid to the possibility of using the focusing properties of the electromagnetic accelerating field for guiding the electron beam through the aperture of the accelerating system, which will lead to a significant reduction in the accelerator sizes. The proposed method can be applied in the calculation and design of linear electron accelerators.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 741-747
Publish at: 2017-04-01
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