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28,719 Article Results

Urban Road Materials Identification using Narrow Near Infrared Vision System

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1171-1179
Heru Purnomo Ipung , Handayani Tjandrasa
An urban road materials vision system using narrow band near infrared imaging indexes were proposed. This proposed imaging indexes were enhancement for previous work on autonomous multispectral road sensing method. Each urban road material has different near infrared spectral patterns which is as the base of its spectral identification. The new proposed imaging indexes, which using similar formula of NDVI, was normalized with narrow band near infrared spectrum range of 720nm to 1000nm of wavelength, were used to identify concretes, aggregates/sands/rocks, clay, natural dry fibers and bitumen/asphalt that make up most of urban road materials. This paper proposes imaging indexes evaluation from experiment results to identify those urban road materials. There were seven narrow band optical filter sets with the center spectrum at 710nm, 730nm, 750nm, 800nm, 870nm, 905nm and 970nm. Normalization band used was 720nm using high pass optical filter. The proposed multi-spectral imaging indexes were able to show the potential to classify the selected urban road materials, another approach may need to clearly distinguish between concrete and aggregates. The comparison to the previous imaging indexes (NDVI, NDGR, NDBR) were presented that used for urban road materials identification.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1171-1179
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Investigation of HAPs Propagation Channel for Wireless Access in a Tropical Region at Ka-Band

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1204-1211
Felix Obite , Jafri Din , Kamaludin Mohammad Yusof , Basliza M. Noor
In the last few years, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) have attracted considerable effort due to their ability to exploit the advantages of satellite and terrestrial-based systems. Rain attenuation is the most dominant atmospheric impairment, especially at such frequency band. This paper addresses the modelling of rain attenuation and describes a propagation channel model for HAPs at Ka-band to provide efficient and robust wireless access for tropical regions. The attenuation due to rain is modeled based on three years measured data for Johor Bahru to estimate the actual effect of rain on signals at Ka band. The radio propagation channel is usually characterized as a random multipath channel. Specifically, a statistical derivation of probability distribution function for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels are presented. The model consists of multiple path scattering effects, time dispersion, and Doppler shifts acting on the HAPs communication link. Simulation results represent the fading signal level variations. Results show perfect agreement between simulation and theoretical, thereby conforming to the multipath structures. The information obtained will be useful to system engineers for HAPs link budget analysis in order to obtain the required fade margin for optimal system performance in tropical regions.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1204-1211
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Comparative study on Handoff Algorithms for GSM and CDMA Cellular Networks

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1219-1227
S. Neeraja , G. Sasibhushana Rao
The GSM, CDMA cellular systems are most trendy 2G and 3G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. These systems have many advantages such as high security, higher quality of call transmission over the long distances, low transmitted power, and enhanced capacity with more efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum. With these advantages these cellular systems have attracted more subscribers with more attention in the field of mobile communications. One of the most attractive features of cellular system is handoff which is a continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without disconnecting the call. Usually, continuous service is achieved by efficiently designed handoff algorithms. So, efficient handoff algorithms are necessary for enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff analysis for GSM, CDMA cellular networks are done under various propagation models. Various handoff algorithms of GSM are described and also a novel received signal strength (RSS) based GSM handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is analyzed. CDMA Soft handoff algorithm is analyzed and effective soft handoff parameters are estimated for better performance. The Comparison of handoff algorithms is studied based on results.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1219-1227
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Using Ensemble of Single Oriented Mask Filters

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1414-1422
Fauziah Kasmin , Azizi Abdullah , Anton Satria Prabuwono
This paper describes a method on segmentation of blood vessel in retinal images using supervised approach. Blood vessel segmentation in retinal images can be used for analyses in diabetic retinopathy automated screening. It is a very exhausting job and took a very long time to segment retinal blood vessels manually. Moreover these tasks also requires training and skills. The strategy involves the applications of Support Vector Machine to classify each pixel whether it belongs to a vessel or not. Single mask filters which consist of intensity values of normalized green channel have been generated according to the direction of angles. These single oriented mask filters contain the vectors of the neighbourhood of each pixel. Five images randomly selected from DRIVE database are used to train the classifier. Every single oriented mask filters are ranked according to the average accuracy of training images and their weights are assigned based on this rank.  Ensemble approaches that are Addition With Weight and Product With Weight have been used to combine all these single mask filters. In order to test the proposed approach, two standard databases, DRIVE and STARE have been used. The results of the proposed method clearly show improvement compared to other single oriented mask filters.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1414-1422
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Neural Network-based Model Predictive Control with CPSOGSA for SMBR Filtration

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1538-1545
Zakariah Yusuf , Norhaliza Abdul Wahab , Abdallah Abusam
This paper presents the development of neural network based model predictive control (NNMPC) for controlling submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) filtration process.The main contribution of this paper is the integration of newly developed soft computing optimization technique name as cooperative hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (CPSOGSA) with the model predictive control. The CPSOGSA algorithm is used as a real time optimization (RTO) in updating the NNMPC cost function. The developed controller is utilized to control SMBR filtrations permeate flux in preventing flux decline from membrane fouling. The proposed NNMPC is comparedwith proportional integral derivative (PID) controller in term of the percentage overshoot, settling time and integral absolute error (IAE) criteria. The simulation result shows NNMPC perform better control compared with PID controller in term measured control performance of permeate flux.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1538-1545
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Two Cascaded Configurations of PV Generators-Five Levels Inverter for a Stand-Alone Application in South Algeria

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp907-916
Karima Benamrane , Tarak Benslimane , Othmane Abdelkhalek , Thameur Abdelkrim , Abdelhalim Borni
In this paper two configurations of solar photovoltaic energy conversion using the NPC five levels inverter for stand-alone application in south Algeria are proposed and their performances compared. The first cascade uses four separate PV sources and the second configuration use only one PV generator. In these two cases and without DC/DC converter introduced between PV source and inverter and to get a stable AC voltage, authors in propose a proportional regulator of inverter modulation index. The SVPWM technique is used in order to get the best voltage waveform. For the second configuration proposed, we introduce in the control loops another algorithm which uses the redundant vectors of space vector diagram of inverter to stabilise the DC bus voltages. A real data of temperature and solar irradiation obtained by radiometric station in Ghardaïa city in south Algeria are used to test the performance of proposed controls. The simulation results show that the inverter output voltage is stable for the two configurations proposed despite the variation of solar irradiation, temperature and load. Also, the THD obtained is in the limits of international standards. Then, the PV cascade with separate PV sources is the best solution, seeing that we do not need to use another algorithm in the control loops.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 907-916
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Hybrid Cryptography for Random-key Generation based on ECC Algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1293-1298
P. Gayathri , Syed Umar , G. Sridevi , N. Bashwanth , Royyuru Srikanth
As more increase in usage of communications and developing them more user friendly. While developing those communications, we need to take care of security and safety of user’s data. Many researchers have developed many complex algorithms to maintain security in user’s application. Among those one of the best algorithms are cryptography based, in which user will be safe side mostly from the attackers.  We already had some AES algorithm which uses very complex cryptographic algorithm to increase the performance and more usage of lookup tables. So the cache timing attackers will correlates the details to encrypt the data under known key with the unknown key. So, for this we provide an improvised solution. This paper deals with an extension of public-key encryption and decryption support including a private key. The private key is generated with the combination of AES and ECC. In general AES, key length is 128 bits with 10 times of iterations. But with this, users won’t get efficient security for their operations, so to increase the security level we are implementing 196-bit based encryption with 12 times round-key generation iterations. By this enhancement, we can assure to users to high level security and can keep users data in confidential way.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1293-1298
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Frequency Dependence of Electroluminescence Measurement in LDPE

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1406-1413
Nurul Aini Bani , Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek , Siti Armiza Mohd Aris , Siti Zura A. Jalil , Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin , Hazilah Mad Kaidi , Sharipah Alwiah Syed Abd Rahman , Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki , Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud , Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar , Jorge Alfredo Ardilla Rey
A good insulator for high voltage cable has low dielectric loss, reasonable flexibility and thermo-mechanically stable. However, prolonged application of electrical stresses on the cable will degraded the cable; physically and morphologically. Electrical degradation in high voltage cable can be detected using electroluminescence (EL) method. Electroluminescence is a phenomenon that occurs when the atoms of a material are being excited due to the application of and external high electrical stresses. There are several external factors that affect the behaviour of electroluminescence emission such as, applied voltage, applied frequency, ageing of material and types of materials. . In this paper, the EL measurement is employed to determine the effect of applied frequency on virgin LDPE at fixed and varying applied voltage. It can be observed that EL emission increases as applied frequency increases with increasing voltage applied. However, interesting EL behaviour is observed when varying frequency is applied from 10 Hz to 100 Hz.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1406-1413
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Investigation of Slim Type BLDC Motor Drive with Torque Ripple Minimization using Abridged Space-Vector PWM Control Method

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp593-600
C. Bharatiraja , Shyam Babu , V. Krishnakumar , P. Sanjeevikumar , Nixon George
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming an increasingly popular motor of choice for its unique characteristics. The BLDC motor drive is assumed to have trapezoidal back-electromotive force (EMF), rectangular phase currents and together produces the desired torque. However, practical back-EMF waveform might not be exactly trapezoidal because of current ripple, design considerations and manufacturing limitations. The adverse effect is the torque ripple generated due to the current ripple that causes mechanical vibration, acoustic noise and affects the accuracy of speed and position control which is not desirable in motor operation. In this paper an algorithm is developed to control and minimize the generated torque ripple using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme. The efficiency improvement of slim type BLDC motor is confirmed using MATLAB environment and low cost TI Piccolo F28035 microcontroller (MC).
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 593-600
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Characteristics of Mineral Oil-based Nanofluids for Power Transformer Application

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1530-1537
I. H. Zakaria , M. H. Ahmad , Y. Z. Arief , N. A. Awang , N .A. Ahmad
Trends in the field of nanomaterial-based transformer oil show most of the conducted works have focused only on the transformer oil-based nanofluids but limited studies on the stability of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Since mineral oil-based nanofluids still can produce the sedimentation, thus the cold-atmospheric pressure plasma method is proposed to functionally modify the Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) nanofiller in order to enhance the electrical properties of the mineral oil-based nanofluids. The AC breakdown strength oil samples before and after modification were measured. It was found that the plasma treated nanofluids have higher AC breakdown voltage compared to pure oil and untreated nanofluids. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been used in this study to analyse the physical changes of oil samples. It is envisaged that the added silica nanofiller has significant effect on electrical properties of the transformer oil-based nanofluids which would enable to the development of an improved class of liquid dielectric for the application of power transformer.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1530-1537
Publish at: 2017-06-01

ZVS Full Bridge Series Resonant Boost Converter with Series-Connected Transformer

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp812-825
Mohamed Salem , Awang Jusoh , N.Rumzi N. Idris , Tole Sutikno , Iftikhar Abid
This paper presents a study on a new full bridge series resonant converter (SRC) with wide zero voltage switching (ZVS) range, and higher output voltage. The high frequency transformer is connected in series with the LC series resonant tank. The tank inductance is therefore increased; all switches having the ability to turn on at ZVS, with lower switching frequency than the LC tank resonant frequency. Moreover, the step-up high frequency (HF) transformer design steps are introduced in order to increase the output voltage to overcome the gain limitation of the conventional SRC. Compared to the conventional SRC, the proposed converter has higher energy conversion, able to increase the ZVS range by 36%, and provide much higher output power. Finally, the a laboratory prototypes of the both converters with the same resonant tank parameters and input voltage are examined based on 1 and 2.2 kW power respectively, for veryfing  the reliability of the performance and the operation principles of both converters.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 812-825
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Power Factor Correction with Current Controlled Buck Converter for BLDC Motor Drive

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp730-738
P. Sarala , S. F. Kodad , B. Sarvesh
Brushless DC motor is a synchronous machine that makes use of electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator. Brushless DC motors makes use of inverter encompassing static switches for its operation. A simple bridge converter when used for BLDC drive as front end converter makes input source power factor to get reduced which is unacceptable in the power system. To avoid the distortions in the source voltage and source currents, Buck converter which was used as power factor correction (PFC) converter in this paper to improve the power factor. Presence of power electronic converters deteriorates system power factor effecting overall system performance. This paper presents buck converter for power factor correction in brushless DC motor drive system. Buck converter is operated with current control strategy rather to conventional voltage follower control. Simulation model was obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the brushless DC motor performance characteristics were shown for conditions with different DC link voltages and step variation in DC link voltage. Total harmonic distortion in source current was also presented.
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page: 730-738
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Optimise Energy Cost for Air Conditioning based on the Market Price under Demand Side Response Model

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1125-1132
Marwan Marwan , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
The increasing contribution of air conditioning (AC) to energy consumption has received considerable attention in the past and will continue to do so in the coming years, from Indonesian government, state electricity company and consumers. Managing demand on the electricity system in peak sessions is the most direct way to address the AC peak demand issue. The aim of this research is to developed a consumer demand side response (DSR) model to assist both electricity consumers/aggregator and electricity provider to minimise energy cost if peak price occured in the peak season. The proposed model allows consumers to independently and proactively manage air conditioning load through an aggregator. This research examines how the control system applies DSR model if a price spike may occur at 18.00 during one hour. The results indicate, consumer and aggregator could gain collective benefits when the consumer controls the air conditioning under the DSR program. The model was tested in Makassar City South Sulawesi considering to the caharacteristic of the room and air conditioning in a residential house.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1125-1132
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Understanding of Antecedents to Achieve Customer Trust and Customer Intention to Purchase E-Commerce in Social Media, an Empirical Assessment

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1240-1245
Taqwa Hariguna , Berlilana Berlilana
This study aims to analyze empirically three factors antecedents of trust they are system quality, information quality, and service quality. Customer trust is used in determining customer intention to purchase of e-commerce in social media (facebook). A number of respondents were 451. The results of this study concluded that three factors antecedents of trust directly had a positive impact to customer trust and indirectly had positive impact on customer intention to purchase in e-commerce transactions on social media.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1240-1245
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Solving Task Scheduling Problem in Cloud Computing Environment Using Orthogonal Taguchi-Cat Algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1489-1497
Danlami Gabi , Abdul Samad Ismail , Anazida Zainal , Zalmiyah Zakaria
In cloud computing datacenter, task execution delay is no longer accidental. In recent times, a number of artificial intelligence scheduling techniques are proposed and applied to reduce task execution delay. In this study, we proposed an algorithm called Orthogonal Taguchi Based-Cat Swarm Optimization (OTB-CSO) to minimize total task execution time. In our proposed algorithm Taguchi Orthogonal approach was incorporated at CSO tracing mode for best task mapping on VMs with minimum execution time. The proposed algorithm was implemented on CloudSim tool and evaluated based on makespan metric. Experimental results showed for 20VMs used, proposed OTB-CSO was able to minimize makespan of total tasks scheduled across VMs with 42.86%, 34.57% and 2.58% improvement over Minimum and Maximum Job First (Min-Max), Particle Swarm Optimization with Linear Descending Inertia Weight (PSO-LDIW) and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing (HPSO-SA) algorithms. Results obtained showed OTB-CSO is effective to optimize task scheduling and improve overall cloud computing performance with better system utilization.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1489-1497
Publish at: 2017-06-01
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