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29,065 Article Results

Shape Defect Detection using Local Standard Deviation and Rule-Based Classifier for Bottle Quality Inspection

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp107-114
Norhashimah Mohd Saad , Nor Nabilah Syazana Abdul Rahma , Abdul Rahim Abdullah , Mohd Juzaila Abd Latif
This paper presents shape analysis using Local Standard Deviation (LSD) technique to detect shape defect of the bottle for product quality inspection. The proposed analysis framework includes segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The shape of the bottle was segmented using LSD technique in order to obtain higher enhancement at the low contrast area and low enhancement at the high contrast area. The contrast gain that was applied in Adaptive Contrast Enhancement (ACE) algorithm, was presented inversely proportional to LSD in order to detect and eliminate background noise at the bottle edge. After the segmentation process, the parameters of the bottle shape such as height, width, area, and extent were extracted and applied in classification stage. The rule-based classifier was used to classify the shape of the bottle either good or defect. The offline experimental results exhibit superior segmentation on performance with 100% accuracy for 100 sample images. This shows that the LSD could be an effective technique to monitor the product quality.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 107-114
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Stochastic Approach of Voltage Optimization to Maximize Power Saving in a Building

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp268-272
Aainaa Mohd Arriffin , Muhammad Murtadha Othman , Amirul Asyraf Mohd Kamaruzaman , Ismail Musirin , Ainor Yahya , Mohd Fuad Abdul Latip
This paper presents the energy saving analysis by using voltage optimization technique, via Stochastic approach in an unbalanced three phase building distribution system. The voltage optimization technique is performed by installing voltage regulator units connected in series with every incoming transformer with optimize tap setting, via Stochastic approach using MATLAB® and SIMULINK® software. The results show a substantial improvement in terms of overall cost of energy consumption compared to the base case.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 268-272
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Loss Of Excitation (LOE) Protection of Synchronous Generator

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp230-236
Hui Hwang Goh , Sy yi Sim , Mohd. Nasri Abd Samat , Ahmad Mahmoud Mohamed , Chin Wan Ling , Qing Shi Chua , Kai Chen Goh
Synchronous generators require certain protection against loss of excitation because it can lead to harmful effect to a generator and main grid. Systems of powers are evolving with applications of new techniques to increase reliability and security, at the meantime techniques upgradation is being existed to save financial cost of a different component of power system, which affect protection ways this report discuss the way of loss of excitation protection scheme for an increase in a synchronous generator. It is obvious that when direct axis synchronous reactance has a high value, the coordination among loss of excitation protection and excitation control is not effective. This lead to restricting absorption capability of the reactive power generator. This report also reviews the suitable philosophy for setting the limiters of excitation and discusses its effect on loss of excitation protection and system performance. A protection scheme is developed to allow for utilization of machine capability and power swing blocking is developed to increase the reliability when power swing is stable. 
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 230-236
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Pulse Density Modulation Flyback Converter for LED Automotive Lighting

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp85-91
Shinde Rohit , Ramachandiran Gunabalan , Mehtra Pavan Kumar
 Switched mode power supply (SMPS) converter is a dc-dc power electronic converter which is used to step up or step down the dc output voltage. A dimmable driver circuit for Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp for automotive lighting with dimming feature is used in this paper. A flyback converter is used as a driver circuit operated in discontinuous conduction mode to perform dimming control of LEDs. High overall circuit efficiency is achieved by regulating the current through the LED lamps using pulse density modulation scheme. The LED driver circuit design and operating principle is discussed in detail. A gentle current control feature is achieved by pulse density modulation technique. The high performance driver circuit is designed for 25 W LED lamps.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 85-91
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Optimisation of Biochemical Systems Production using Hybrid of Newton Method, Differential Evolution Algorithm and Cooperative Coevolution Algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp27-35
Mohd Arfian Ismail , Vitaliy Mezhuyev , Kohbalan Moorthy , Shahreen Kasim , Ashraf Osman Ibrahim
This paper present a hybrid method of Newton method, Differential Evolution Algorithm (DE) and Cooperative Coevolution Algorithm (CCA). The proposed method is used to solve the optimisation problem in optimise the production of biochemical systems. The problems are maximising the biochemical systems production and simultaneously minimising the total amount of chemical reaction concentration involves. Besides that, the size of biochemical systems also contributed to the problem in optimising the biochemical systems production. In the proposed method, the Newton method is used in dealing biochemical system, DE for optimisation process while CCA is used to increase the performance of DE. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the proposed method is tested on two benchmark biochemical systems. Then, the result that obtained by the proposed method is compare with other works and the finding shows that the proposed method performs well compare to the other works.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 27-35
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Enhanced BFGS Quasi-Newton Backpropagation Models on MCCI Data

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp101-106
Nor Azura Md. Ghani , Saadi Ahmad Kamaruddin , Norazan Mohammed Ramli , Ismail Musirin , Hishamuddin Hashim
Neurocomputing is widely implemented in time series area, however the nearness of exceptions that for the most part happen in information time arrangement might be hurtful to the information organize preparing. This is on the grounds that the capacity to consequently discover any examples without earlier suppositions and loss of all-inclusive statement. In principle, the most well-known preparing calculation for Backpropagation calculations inclines toward lessening ordinary least squares estimator (OLS) or all the more particularly, the mean squared error (MSE). In any case, this calculation is not completely hearty when exceptions exist in preparing information, and it will prompt false estimate future esteem. Along these lines, in this paper, we show another calculation that control calculations firefly on slightest middle squares estimator (FFA-LMedS) for BFGS quasi-newton backpropagation neural network nonlinear autoregressive moving (BPNN-NARMA) model to lessen the effect of exceptions in time arrangement information. In the in the mean time, the monthly data of Malaysian Roof Materials cost index from January 1980 to December 2012 (base year 1980=100) with various level of exceptions issue is adjusted in this examination. Toward the finish of this paper, it was found that the upgraded BPNN-NARMA models utilizing FFA-LMedS performed extremely well with RMSE values just about zero errors. It is expected that the finding would help the specialists in Malaysian development activities to handle cost indices data accordingly.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 101-106
Publish at: 2017-10-01

A Novel Optimization towards Higher Reliability in Predictive Modelling towards Code Reusability

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2855-2862
Manoj H.M. , Nandakumar A.N.
Although, the area of software engineering has made a remarkable progress in last decade but there is less attention towards the concept of code reusability in this regards.Code reusability is a subset of Software Reusability which is one of the signature topics in software engineering. We review the existing system to find that there is no progress or availability of standard research approach toward code reusability being introduced in last decade. Hence, this paper introduced a predictive framework that is used for optimizing the performance of code reusability. For this purpose, we introduce a case study of near real-time challenge and involved it in our modelling. We apply neural network and Damped-Least square algorithm to perform optimization with a sole target to compute and ensure highest possible reliability. The study outcome of our model exhibits higher reliability and better computational response time.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2855-2862
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Evaluation of Standard Reference Environment for Photovoltaic Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Testing in Malaysia

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp245-252
M. M. M. Hanifah , H. Zainuddin , M. Z. Hussin
This paper presents six months evaluation in determining Standard Reference Environment (SRE) for Photovoltaic (PV) Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) testing of IEC61215 and IEC61646 that suits Malaysian climate. The SRE is established based on the median environmental conditions in Malaysia when solar PV is producing power. The site of the study is located at the Energy and Environment Field Lab, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam(3.066239ºN, 101.491685ºE). Three types of PV module technologies involved are monocrystalline, polycrystalline and copper indium diselenide (CIS) thin film. The experimental setup is a test bed that meets the IEC61215, IEC61646 and IEC61724 requirements. The measurements of        module temperature (MT) and open circuit voltage (VOC) are taken simultaneously for the three PV module technologies together with other ambient parameters of solar irradiance(SI), ambient temperature(AT), relative humidity(RH), wind speed (Ws) and wind direction(Wd). The data set is taken for a six months period from February 2017 to July 2017. Based on the results obtained, a new proposed SRE of NOCT testing for IEC61215 and IEC61646 has been established to suit Malaysian climate. The SI and AT values for the SRE are 300W/m2 and 31°C respectively.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 245-252
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Current Comparison Domino based CHSK Domino Logic Technique for Rapid Progression and Low Power Alleviation

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2468-2473
J. Muralidharan , P. Manimegalai
The proposed domino logic is developed with the combination of Current Comparison Domino (CCD) logic and Conditional High Speed Keeper (CHSK) domino logic. In order to improve the performance metrics like power, delay and noise immunity, the redesign of CHSK is proposed with the CCD. The performance improvement is based on the parasitic capacitance, which reduces on the dynamic node for robust and rapid process of the circuit. The proposed domino logic is designed with keeper and without keeper to measure the performance metrics of the circuit. The outcomes of the proposed domino logic are better when compared to the existing domino logic circuits. The simulation of the proposed CHSK based on the CCD logic circuit is carried out in Cadence Virtuoso tool.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2468-2473
Publish at: 2017-10-01

A Mixed Binary-Real NSGA II Algorithm Ensuring Both Accuracy and Interpretability of a Neuro-Fuzzy Controller

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2614-2626
Faouzi Titel , Khaled Belarbi
In this work, a Neuro-Fuzzy Controller network, called NFC that implements a Mamdani fuzzy inference system is proposed. This network includes neurons able to perform fundamental fuzzy operations. Connections between neurons are weighted through binary and real weights. Then a mixed binary-real Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is used to perform both accuracy and interpretability of the NFC by minimizing two objective functions; one objective relates to the number of rules, for compactness, while the second is the mean square error, for accuracy. In order to preserve interpretability of fuzzy rules during the optimization process, some constraints are imposed. The  approach  is  tested  on  two  control examples:  a single  input  single  output (SISO) system  and  a  multivariable (MIMO) system.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2614-2626
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Online Expert Systems For Bamboo Identification Using Case Based Reasoning

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2766-2772
Endina Putri Purwandari , Ariefa Primair Yani , Ramanda Sugraha , Kurnia Anggriani , Endang Widi Winarni
Bamboo is a typical plant that thrives in tropical countries like Indonesia. The diversity of bamboo species makes difficult to classified, then requiring the expertise from specialist who understands deeply about bamboo characteristics. The paper purpose to (1) adopts the bamboo expert knowledge into bamboo criteria of expertise; (2) implementing Case Based Reasoning method in online expert system for bamboo identification in Bengkulu Province; and (3) determined the identification accuracy of bamboo using expert systems. The system uses Case Based Reasoning with four main steps: retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain. Bamboo expert identify bamboo criteria into 6 morphology, 31 features, and 219 attributes as an input system. The results showed that the Case Based Reasoning method has high accuracy for identifying the bamboo species and can solve the problem of bamboo identification as a new case based on old case that stored in the base case.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2766-2772
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Modeling of Dynamical System Piloted by Discrete Subsystem Based on Bond Graph Approach

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2902-2910
Ben Salem J , Lakhoua M.N. , El Amraoui L
This paper is a contribution to the analysis and modeling of a mechatronic system with dynamic behavior that is controlled by a digital computer. In this paper, a bibliographic research on mechatronic systems is presented by specifying a case study of the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). Then, a methodology of systemic modeling of the ABS system based on two methods Structured Analysis Design Technique (SADT) and bond graph (BG) is proposed. The model created is validated with three software programs:  CarSim, 20 Sim and Simulink.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2902-2910
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Development of Acoustical Feature Based Classifier Using Decision Fusion Technique for Malay Language Disfluencies Classification

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp262-267
Raseeda Hamzah , Nursuriati Jamil , Rosniza Roslan
Speech disfluency such as filled pause (FP) is a hindrance in Automated Speech Recognition as it degrades the accuracy performance. Previous work of FP detection and classification have fused a number of acoustical features as fusion classification is known to improve classification results. This paper presents new decision fusion of two well-established acoustical features that are zero crossing rates (ZCR) and speech envelope (ENV) with eight popular acoustical features for classification of Malay language filled pause (FP) and elongation (ELO). Five hundred ELO and 500 FP are selected from a spontaneous speeches of a parliamentary session and Naïve Bayes classifier is used for the decision fusion classification. The proposed feature fusion produced better classification performance compared to single feature classification with the highest F-measure of 82% for both classes.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page: 262-267
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Miniature design of T-Shaped frequency Reconfigurable antenna for S-Band Application using Switching Technique

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2426-2433
Omar El Maleky , Farid Ben Abdelouahab , Mohammad Essaaidi , Nasri Abdelfatah
The article presents a miniature antenna with a simple geometry and a simple approach for reconfiguration. In order to make the T-shaped antenna frequency reconfigurable, we integrated Switches in specific positions. The location of the switches is determined following a study of the distribution of the surface currents of the suggested antenna. Indeed, we found that the insertion of switches in places where the concentrations of surface currents are high is irrelevant. In fact, to redirect current flow, the PIN diodes or RF Switch must be placed in positions where the distribution of the surface currents is of low concentration. These locations facilitate the establishment of new trajectories of the flux of current. As a result, a miniature tunable antenna dimension 20mm*20mm*1.6mm printed on FR4 substrate with 4.4 permittivity and with  0.04 loss tangent,   the antenna  can be adopted in many communication devices in view of its small size, its low manufacturing cost and performance on frequency sweep, the antenna operates in S-Band with an acceptable band and gain. The antenna is simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2426-2433
Publish at: 2017-10-01

Comparative Analysis of common Edge Detection Algorithms using Pre-processing Technique

10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2574-2580
R. Vijaya Kumar Reddy , K. Prudvi Raju , M. Jogendra Kumar , L. Ravi Kumar , P Ravi Prakash , S. Sai Kumar
Edge detection is the process of segmenting an image by detecting discontinuities in brightness. So far, several standard segmentation methods have been widely used for edge detection. However, due to inherent quality of images, these methods prove ineffective if they are applied without any preprocessing. In this paper, an image preprocessing approach has been adopted in order to get certain parameters that are useful to perform better edge detection with the standard edge detection methods. The proposed preprocessing approach involves median filtering to reduce the noise in image and then Edge Detection technique is carried out. And atlast Standard edge detection methods can be applied to the resultant preprocessing image and its Simulation results are show that our preprocessed approach when used with a standard edge detection method enhances its performance.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page: 2574-2580
Publish at: 2017-10-01
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