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Comparison between PI and PR Current Controllers of a Grid- Connected Photovoltaic System Under Load Variation

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1311-1320
Soukaina Essaghir , Mohamed Benchagra , Noureddine El barbri
This paper presents a current control technique for a three-phase grid-connected DC /AC inverter which is used in photovoltaic systems. A Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller is used for replacing the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in this system. By comparison with the conventional PI control method, the PR control can introduce an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency and hence can achieve zero steady-state error. The proposed model is based on two control loops: the first control loop regulates DC link voltage and the second one is used to keep the injected current to the grid in phase with the voltage by means of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in order to achieve a unit power factor and to adjust the output power as required. In order to examine the effectiveness of the suggested control, a simulation using the Matlab/Simulink software has been done and it’s concluded from the simulation results that the presented control by using the PR controller can be able to maintain maximum active power and to keep always a unity power factor despite variation load.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1311-1320
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Review on Optimised Configuration of Hybrid Solar-PV Diesel System for Off-Grid Rural Electrification.

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1374-1380
Amanda Halim , Ahmad Fudholi , Stephen Phillips , Kamaruzzaman Sopian
At present, solar energy is perceived to be one of the world’s contributive energy sources. Holding characteristics such as inexhaustible and non-polluting, making it as the most prominent among renewable energy (RE) sources. The application of the solar energy has been well-developed and used for electricity generation through Photovoltaic (PV) as the harvesting medium. PV cells convert heat from the sun directly into the electricity to power up the electric loads. Solar PV system is commonly built in a rural area where it cannot be powered up by the utility grid due to location constrains. In order to avoid the electricity fluctuation because of unsteady amount of solar radiation, PV solar hybrid is the efficient solution for rural electrifications. This paper presents a review on optimised Hybrid Solar-PV Diesel system configurations installed and used to power up off grid settlements at various locations worldwide.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1374-1380
Publish at: 2018-09-01

An Alternative Power Supply System During Peak Loads Using Solar Cells

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1338-1348
Zulfikar Zulfikar , Zulhelmi Zulhelmi , Agus Mulyadi
Utilization of renewable energy becomes a necessity in the future due to the fossil energy supply continues to decline. In Indonesia, the use of electricity from renewable sources is minimal. The utilization of solar energy in Indonesia is still limited to remote areas or islands. The main problem of electricity in Indonesia, especially in the city of Banda Aceh, is the frequent occurrence of power outages from the state power plant (PLN), especially during peak load time (WBP). Outside of that time, electricity supply exceeds demand. This study aims to utilize solar energy to reduce the electricity consumption of PLN during WBP. The system is designed to divert the power supply from PLN to the solar power plant (PLTS). The results of a survey of 10 A (current limit) customers are used as a reference to calculate PLTS capacity. During WBP, PLTS supplies to the load, beyond that time, PLN will supply the load. The system is designed to store maximum energy beyond the WBP period into the battery, the source of energy is mainly from the PLTS and alternatively from the PLN when the PLTS can not supply the maximum power. Based on battery energy, the system diverts the load supply from PLN when the battery energy is below the recharge limit. In the case of 10 A customers, with the energy requirement during WBP of 4.3 kWh, it requires 12 solar panels (160 Watt maximum power) arranged in parallel. Thus, the system needs three batteries with 150 Ah capacity also assembled in parallel. The implementation results prove that the PLTS can store solar energy to the battery properly, the system also successfully divert the PLTS source to the load at the time of WBP and transfer back to the PLN source when the battery energy is less than the recharge limit.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1338-1348
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Design Process to Reduce Production Cycle Time in Product Development

10.11591/ijai.v7.i3.pp125-129
Mahesh Mallampati , Kolla Srivinivas , Tirumala Krishna. M
In today’s business climate, the old adage “time is money” has been expanded to mean that time is competitive weapon. Today customer’s demands are quick delivery and good quality at reasonable price. When entering the global market the companies encounter several difficulties, the most important one being excessive time for new product development. Thus to perform in a global market, short lead times are essential to provide customer satisfaction. Lead time in manufacturer point of view is the time elapse between placing of an order and the receipt of goods ordered. There are various components of lead time such as setup time, process time, move time and waiting time. This paper deals with review of various tools and techniques to reduce lead time. This problem can be solved by transition from sequential engineering to concurrent engineering, A survey of published works in the field of designing teams in big companies has revealed that in big companies a three-level team structure is recommended, as well as a workgroup, consisting of four basic teams. Method study techniques use to examine current way of work and develop effective method base on elimination, combining, changing and simplification of activities. Various lean tools such as Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED), 5S, Poka-yoke, Kanban, Just-in-time (JIT), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Jidoka, Cellular manufacturing etc. helps in reducing lead time. Also Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII), Theory of Constraints (TOC) classic approaches of Production Planning and Control (PPC) are use to reduce Work in Process (WIP) and flow time.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 125-129
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Advanced Optimal For Three Phase Rectifier in Power Electronic System

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp821-830
Salam Waley Shneen
Interest in the power electronic system which used in many applications is increasing day by day. So, many researchers have focused on the analyses, design and control of these systems. In this study, Optimal for Three Phase Rectifier in Power Electronic System control strategy has been proposed for PSO-PI  fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based Three Phase Rectifier in Power Electronic System. Proposed Power Electronic System(PES) consists of input, isolation and output stages. In order to test dynamic performance of PSO-PI  based PES, simulation study was carried out by MATLAB/Simulink. The results obtained from the PSO-PI  based PES are not only superior in the rise time, settling time and overshoot but can prevent from voltage and has improved power quality.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 821-830
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Investigation of Passive Filter Performance on Three Phase DC to AC Converter

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1016-1028
S.Z. Mohammad Noor , N. Rosmizi , N. Aminudin , Faranadia A.H
This work presents investigation of passive filter performance on three-phase inverter with 180° conduction mode. The simulation model of the inverter is developed by using MATLAB/Simulink. The power circuit used Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) as switching device. The inverter is controlled by using bipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The IGBT was set to 25 kHz for switching frequency (fs). Three types of passive filters which are LC, RC and PI filters are used to investigate the ability to remove the unwanted signal that occurred on the inverter. The result is analyzed based on the performances of output filter in term of Total Harmonic Distortion in voltage (THDv), current (THDi), shape of output voltage and current. The THD must be less than 5% at rated inverter output voltage or current by referring to IEC 61727 Standard. The passive filter is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment to study the characteristics and performance of the filters.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1016-1028
Publish at: 2018-09-01

An Adaptive Neural Network Controller Based on PSO and Gradient Descent Method for PMSM Speed Drive

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1412-1422
Zribi Ali , Zaineb Frijet , Mohamed Chtourou
In this paper, based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and neural network (NN), a new adaptive speed control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. Firstly, PSO algorithm is adopted to get the best set of weights of neural network controller (NNC) for accelerating the convergent speed and preventing the problems of trapping in local minimum. Then, to achieve high-performance speed tracking despite of the existence of varying parameters in the control system, gradient descent method is used to adjust the NNC parameters. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed and guaranteed from Lyapunov theorem. The robustness and good dynamic performance of the proposed adaptive neural network speed control scheme are verified through computer simulations.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1412-1422
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Cat Swarm Optimization to Shunt Capacitor Allocation in Algerian Radial Distribution Power System

10.11591/ijai.v7.i3.pp143-152
Amar Hamzi , Rachide Meziane
This paper presents a Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) Algorithm optimization method to shunt capacitor placement on distribution systems under capacitor switching constraints. The optimum capacitor allocation solution is found for the system of feeders fed through their transformer and not for any individual feeder. The main advantages due to capacitor installation, such as capacity release and reduction of overall power and energy losses are considered. The capacitor allocation constraints due to capacitor-switching transients are taken into account. These constraints are extremely important if pole-mounted capacitors are used together with station capacitor bank. Cat Swarm search algorithm is used as an optimization tool. An illustrative example for Algerian example is presented.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 143-152
Publish at: 2018-09-01

An Analysis of Virtual Flux Direct Power Control of Three-Phase AC-DC Converter

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp947-956
Nor Azizah Mohd Yusoff , Azziddin M. Razali , Kasrul Abdul Karim , Auzani Jidin , Tole Sutikno
This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 947-956
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Performance Analysis of Power Consumption in LTE-A eNB and its Effect on the Overall System Efficiency

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp878-890
Eric Nii Sackey , Eric Sackey
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication over the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks has witness exponential growth and expansion in the last couple of years. This expansion has created an increase in the demand for high speed internet, multimedia messaging services, digital broadcasting etc, thus fuelling higher data traffic. The network operators in trying to meet this increasing demand injected more access points by deploying more Base Stations (BSs) to make the network denser. The BSs are the major consumers of energy in the wireless communication network due to the use of inefficient power amplifiers and therefore deploying more BSs into the network will increase the power consumption and the networks operational cost. The aim of this paper was to examine the power consumption patterns of the main elements in the BS, employ various techniques to reduce their power consumption, reduce the operational cost and improve the efficiency of the BS.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 878-890
Publish at: 2018-09-01

An Overview of Bidirectional AC-DC Grid Connected Converter Topologies for Low Voltage Battery Integration

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1223-1239
Kaspars Kroics , Oleksandr Husev , Kostiantyn Tytelmaier , Janis Zakis , Oleksandr Veligorskyi
Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1223-1239
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Location of Eyes in Images of Human Faces through Analysis Variance Shine Intensity

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp949-953
Hussein Ali Alhamzawi
Extraction of facial features is an important step in automatic visual interpretation and recognition of human faces. Among the facial features, the eyes play a major role in the recognition process. In this article, we present an approach to detect and locate the eyes in frontal face images. Eye regions are identified using the technique of voucher detection based on mathematical morphology. After this identification is made a comparison between the variances of three different portions of each candidate region to eye (set of pixels belonging to the candidate region as a whole, set of pixels contained in a minimum rectangle circumscribed to the candidate region and set of pixels of the candidate region belonging to a horizontal band that crosses the center of mass of this region). The calculation of these variances also considers the R, G, and B channels, as well as the gray version of the input image.
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page: 949-953
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Investigation of the Experimental Characterization of the Different Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDS) and the Photovoltaic Effect on These LED

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1406-1411
Kamel Remidi , A. Cheknane , M. Haddadi
This paper describes our experiments on the electrical characterization of commercial light emitting diodes of different colors as well as their photoelectric effect. This experiment was conducted at the IMS of Bordeaux, which has a measurement bench allowing the intrinsic characterization of different light-emitting diodes in direct and reverse polarization. This bench also makes it possible to compare these experimental values with the theoretical values obtained by modeling.A second work done at the ENP of El-Harrach allowed us to put in place measurement means to show that there is a photovoltaic effect on the LEDs. For this purpose, we have measured the electrical characteristics of different LEDs and studied their light intensities using an EPLEY pyranometer. This work involved red, green , yellow ,white and blue LEDs. The photovoltaic behavior of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was studied at ENP D'El Harrah Algeria, for a period of three days in March 2016. LEDs were exposed to solar radiation in the form of unitary units of LEDs. 9-16 hours These irradiated LEDs were monitored for photo-generated voltage and current at one-hour intervals. Solar radiation on a horizontal surface was measured using a Pyranometer.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1406-1411
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Fault Diagnosis in Static Converters Used in Induction Heating Systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1051-1063
Ouahiba Fadli , Mohamed Lokmane Bendaas , Rachid Abdessemed
This paper presents different techniques on fault diagnosis in static converters used to supply and control induction heating systems. These techniques allow the detection and the location of the failed semiconductor switches. After an overview of the device with its main features in healthy state, we have afterwards focused on the fault detection and diagnosis in three electronic power converters which constitute the power generator of the induction furnace. For uncontrolled three-phase rectifier, three external methods based on the analysis of lines currents are used: Average currents method, Current space vector trajectory, called Current Park’s vector approach and Spectrum analysis. For the buck converter (chopper), analytic redundancy approach, based on the residues calculation, is used. For the series resonant inverter, a simple and efficient method based on the average voltages analysis, allows the detection and the location of the power switch in fault. The obtained simulation results, in Matlab/Simulink, are presented and discussed. They reveal that the proposed diagnostic techniques are of great interest.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1051-1063
Publish at: 2018-09-01

Differential Evolution Based Solar Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration Algorithm for Optimal Energy Extraction during Partial Shading Condition

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1397-1405
M. A. I. A. Tazally , M. F. N. Tajuddin , A. Azmi , S. M. Ayob , T. Sutikno
To increase energy yield from an installed photovoltaic (PV) array, particularly during partial shading condition (PSC), a new technique based on reconfigurable PV array interconnection is proposed in this work. The proposed technique works by dynamically changing the interconnection of PV modules to form a new configuration using a switching matrix inside the array. The criteria of good reconfigurable PV array interconnection techniques depend on the efficiency and accuracy of the control algorithm to optimally reconfigure the PV array to maximize the total output power. Hence, this paper proposes a new control algorithm using differential evolution (DE) for photovoltaic array reconfiguration (PVAR). To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, DE is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results confirm that DE performs well in terms of the amount of energy production during PSC. For all the nine shading patterns tested on a 3 × 3 PV array, DE yields 1% to 5% more power than PSO.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 1397-1405
Publish at: 2018-09-01
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