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31,456 Article Results

Design of Robust Controller for Higher Order Interval System using Differential Evolutionary Algorithm

10.11591/ijra.v7i4.pp232-250
D. Srinivasa Rao , M. Siva Kumar , M. Ramalinga Raju
This paper describes the design of the robust PI/PID controller for the higher order interval system via its reduced order model using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. A stable reduced interval model is generated from a higher order interval system using the DE in order to minimize the cost and reduce the complexity of the system. This reduced order interval numerator and denominator polynomials are determined by minimizing the Integral Squared Error (ISE) using the DE. Then, using reduced order interval model, a robust PI/PID controller is designed based on the stability conditions for determining robust stability of interval system. Finally, using these stability conditions, a set of inequalities in terms of controller parameters is obtained from the reduced order closed loop characteristic polynomial. Then these inequalities are solved to obtain robust controller parameters with the help of a DE algorithm. The designed, robust controller from the reduced order interval model will be attributed to the higher order interval system. The designed PI/PID controller from our proposed method not only stabilizes the reduced order model, but also stabilizes the original higher order system. The viability of the proposed methodology is illustrated through the numerical example of its successful implementation. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is also evaluated against the available approaches presented in the literature and the results were successfully implemented.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 232-250
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Hope as a Unique Agent of Resilience in Socio-economically Disadvantaged Adolescents

10.11591/ijere.v7i4.15354
Zeynep Aydın Sünbül , Ferah Çekici
The aim of this study was to explore the predictive effect of hope for resilience in socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents. Participants of the study were 692 (395 female, 297 male) students attending to 9th, 10th and 11th grades. The age range of the sample was 14-19 (M = 16.24, SD=.89). A convenient sampling was used to select the participants who are picked from four high schools located in low income regions. In order to collect data, The 14-Item Resilience Scale (Wagnild, 2010) and Dispositional Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991) were used as data collection instruments. The predictive effect of hope on resilience was analyzed through linear regression. Regression analysis yielded that hope explains 48% of the variance in the resilience scores of participants. This result indicates that hope is a powerful significant predictor of resilience for socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 299-304
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Addressing Latency Issues in 2D to 3D Conversion: Deploying Available Synthetic Database

10.11591/ijict.v7i3.pp141-145
N. L. Manasa
Conventional 2D to 3D rendering techniques involve a sequential process of grouping of the input images based on edge information and predictive algorithms to assign depth values to pixels with same hue. The iterative calculations and volume of data under scrutiny to assign ‘real-time’ values raise latency issues and cost considerations. For commercial consumption, where speed and accuracy define the viability of a product, there is a need to reorient the approach used in the present methodologies. In predictive methodologies one of the core interests is achieving the initial approximation as close to the ‘real’ value as possible. In this work, ‘synthetic’ database is used to provide the first approximation through comparison techniques and fed to the predictive tool. It is believed that this work will provide a basis for developing an efficient 2D to 3D conversion methodology.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 141-145
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Reactive Power Tracing Index LQP_LT for Voltage Unstable Load Bus Identification in Power Systems

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp889-898
Renuga Verayiah , Azah Mohamed , Syahirah Abd Halim
Existing power systems are significantly susceptible to voltage instability problem since such systems are stressed with the huge power transfers across the grids. To guarantee power system stability during stressed conditions, it is important to first identify the voltage unstable load buses to determine appropriate locations for under voltage load shedding. In this study, a new method is proposed for determining weak load bus locations by using reactive power tracing to develop a novel reactive power tracing capable index, named as LQP_LT.  The reactive power tracing algorithm is integrated with the LQP_LT index formulation to generate priority ranking list of weak load buses. The LQP_LT index was tested on the 57 bus system and the resulting priority ranking list is found to have successfully determined the weak load buses for load shedding in the test system. Comparison with other stability indices revealed that the LQP_LT has better sensitivity and response towards determining the location of the weakest load bus for under voltage load shedding implementation.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 889-898
Publish at: 2018-12-01

An Efficient Framework to Improve QoS of CSP using Enhanced Minimal Resource Optimization based Scheduling Algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1179-1186
Ravi Mahadevan , Neelamegam Anbazhagan
Online Nowadays, the enterprises & individuals are contributing their workloads on cloud service providers which are going to increase on daily basis. There are   large amount CSP are available to offer virtualized and dynamic resource on pay and use basis. However, there are almost CSP failed to maintain quality of service (QOS) and minimal resource optimization. Some of the existing approaches are highly dedicated on scheduling policy but, it does not considered reliable services with optimized QOS. To offer best solution of above problem, the framework proposes Enhanced Minimal Resource Optimization based Scheduling Algorithm to minimize the resources and maintain the QOS.  The method avoids delay in Request-Response model in cloud environment. To avoid overload for resource allocation, the proposed design utilized optimized scheduling policy.  Proposed mechanisms utilized optimized service brokering policy to reduce the delay response in cloud environment. The framework also help cloud user to prefer best CSP according to their prior services. The method offers rising trend of resource based structure to reduce the placement churn extensively. Proposed system utilized efficient scheduling policy to transmit data request to CSP with minimal data processing time. The entire utilization is to improve the QOS of cloud service provider in the features of multi-dimensional resource. Based on experimental evaluations, proposed technique improves the CPT (Computation Processing Time) 301.72 milliseconds, BU (Bandwidth Utilization) 20 Mbps, CPUU (CPU Utilization) 5% & MRU (Memory Resource Utilization) 3% on given input parameters compare than existing methodology.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1179-1186
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Using Partial Credit Model to Improve the Quality of an Instrument

10.11591/ijere.v7i4.15146
Saras Krishnan , Noraini Idris
In using the Rasch model to improve the quality of an instrument, analysis purports to determine if the sample collaborates well with the items in the instrument such that the results are measuring a single underlying variable. The relevant properties of Rasch analysis are reliability and validity which are key indicators of the quality of a measurement instrument. This paper discusses the use of one type of Rasch model that is the Partial Credit Model to investigate reliability and validity of an instrument. By removing or changing items in the instrument when conditions of reliability and validity are not met, the quality of the instrument is improved.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 313-316
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Item Analysis for the Adapted Motivation Scale Using Rasch Model

10.11591/ijere.v7i4.15376
Sar Ee Ng , Kee Jiar Yeo , Azlina bt Mohd Kosnin
The aim of this study was to measure the validity and reliability of an adapted motivation scale used in second language learning.  The Integrative and Instrumental motivation (IIM)  was developed based on two orientations of motivation, which were integrative motivation and instrumental motivation.  IIM was used to identify students’ level of motivation towards learning Chinese language as a second language (CLSL) in national school.  The study presented empirical evidence of validity and reliability using the Rasch Model.   Pilot study was conducted in a national school which has students enrolled for the CLSL class.   There were 29 students in this pilot study.  Data was  analyzed using WINSTEPS version 3.72.3.  The result showed the reliability of the motivation scale is 0.87 based on Cronbach’s alpha.  The construct validity was determined by PT-measure correlation value (PMC) range from 0.71 to 0.86, infit and outfit MNSQ  between 0.53 to 1.43 and ZSTD range from -1.1 to 1.2. In unidimensional measure, raw variance explained was at 66.4%  with the unexplanined variance in the first factor was at 13.6%.  Finally the fit statistics showed that person separation index, 2.79 was considered good and item separation index, 1.81was in acceptable range (Linacre,2012).  Person and item reliability were at 0.89 and 0.77 respectively.  The result indicated that the new instrument with 15 items-IIM after eliminated unfit items was a reliable and valid instrument to measure the motivation in learning CLSL in the context of national school.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 264-269
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation

10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp227-234
Koganti Srilakshmi , P. Aravindhababu , P. Ravi Babu
Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power transmission through cables from offshore wind farms to onshore are HVAC, line commutated HVDC  and  VSC-HVDC.  This paper analyses the various schemes for integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid and suggests that LFAC with submarine cable operating at 0.7 Hz is an optimal choice in obtaining better performances. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 227-234
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Interleaved Flyback Converter with Embedded Grid Interacting PV Cascaded MLI

10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp277-283
Jaikrishna V , Subhranhsu Sekhar Dash , Linss T Alex , R. Sridhar
The importance of extracting power from renewable energy sources are increasing in the modern world as the power demand is increasing day by day and the non renewable energy sources are getting dried up. Solar power is a domestic source of energy and its availability throughout the year makes it a primary target to solve this crisis. It will never produce any hazardous waste or pollution. But various issues like Power quality problems and Harmonic distortion seep in due to the intermittent nature of PV system. This paper proposes a cascaded H–bridge multilevel inverter for grid connected PV system with a flyback converter. This helps to achieve maximum power point tracking and also provides isolation which will further help to increase system efficiency. The DC–DC flyback converters are cascaded to generate multilevel output voltage. Then this multilevel dc output is given to H bridge inverter to generate multilevel output. A new control algorithm is used in this paper which combines voltage–hold Perturb and observe method and modified PWM algorithm which helps to achieve the best MPPT. The proposed topology is implemented in PSIM. The Simulation and Hardware results reveal that the suggested technique is highly.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 277-283
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Light Control and Watering System in Greenhouse for The Cultivation of Chrysanthemum Sp

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp950-957
Adam Faroqi , Muhammad Ali Ramdhani , Muhammad Fahmi Amrillah , Lia Kamelia , Eneng Nuraeni
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Sp) is sensitive to temperature and humidity. The greenhouse is an appropriate planting medium since temperature and humidity can be engineered there. This article presents the design of systems using DHT-22 and SEN0057 sensors. Real Time Clock (RTC) is used for providing timing input and functions as an extra light intensity timer. Arduino Mega 2560 is used as a microcontroller functioning to receive the results of sensor measurement and to give output instructions to condition the temperature and humidity. The testing on chrysanthemum Sp placed inside the greenhouse equipped with the system for 7 days shows an increase of height of 3.7 cm. As for chrysanthemum Sp placed outside the greenhouse equipped with the system for 7 days, there is an increase of height of 0, 2 cm. These greenhouse light control and Watering systems can engineer the temperature and humidity in accordance with the needs of chrysanthemum Sp cultivation in the greenhouse. 
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 950-957
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Performance Investigation of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Modelling Based on MATLAB Simulation

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4847-4854
Adnan Hussein Ali , Hassan Salman Hamad , Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are normally modeled by employing accurate equations dealing with a behavior the PV system. This model has Characteristic of PV array cells, which are influenced by both irradiation and temperature variations. Grid-connected PV system is considered as electricity generated solar cell system which is connected to the grid utilities. This paper characterizes an exhibiting and simulating of PV system that executed with MATLAB /Simulink. The impact of solar irradiances as well as ambient temperature performances of PV models is investigated and noted that a lower temperature provides maximum power higher so that the open circuit voltage is larger. Furthermore, if the temperature is low, then a considerably short circuit current is low too.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4847-4854
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Accelerating Compression Time of the standard JPEG by Employing The Quantized YCbCr Color Space Algorithm

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4343-4351
Trini Saptariani , Sarifudin Madenda , Ernastuti Ernastuti , Widya Silfianti
In this paper, we propose a quantized YCbCr color space (QYCbCr) technique which is employed in standard JPEG. The objective of this work is to accelerate computational time of the standard JPEG image compression algorithm. This is a development of the standard JPEG which is named QYCBCr algorithm. It merges two processes i.e., YCbCr color space conversion and Q quantization in which in the standar JPEG they were performed separately. The merger forms a new single integrated process of color conversion which is employed prior to DCT process by subsequently eliminating the quantization process. The equation formula of QYCbCr color coversion is built based on the chrominance and luminance properties of the human visual system which derived from quatization matrices. Experiment results performed on images of different sizes show that the computational running time of QYCbCr algorithm gives 4 up to 8 times faster than JPEG standard, and also provides higher compression ratio and better image quality.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4343-4351
Publish at: 2018-12-01

New technique combining the Tone Reservation method with Clipping technique to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5215-5226
Hajar Abdelali
Nonlinear distortions and impairments appear in multicarrier signal with high fluctuations when amplified by a Radio Frequency Power Amplifier (RF PA). Clipping (CL) technique offers a simple way to reduce these fluctuations in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Technique, but may degrade seriously the transmission quality. This is why the new mobile standards propose other methods, like the Tone Reservation (TR) technique in the Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T), that reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) without reaching optimal performances. This paper deals with how we can use the TR technique, which exploits null sub-carriers for generating corrective signal, in combining to CL technique in order to improve PAPR reduction without data loss. Also, we show some comparison results on the PAPR reduction obtained with proposed scheme and other techniques. Experiments using a simulated example on a complete WiMax 802.16e transmitter have been made in order to investigate the PAPR reduction performances on presence of the non-linear Power Amplifier model based on gain compression response and phase distortion.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 5215-5226
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Response of Polycrystalline Solar Cell Outputs to Visible Spectrum and other Light Sources-a Case Study

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4096-4103
Ayman Y. Al-Rawashdeh , Omar Albarbarawi , Ghazi Qaryouti
In this case study, two polycrystalline solar modules were installed outdoors (irradiated by sunlight) and indoors (irradiated by artificial lights). The solar cells in both cases were installed using different color filters that allowed the passage of certain light frequencies. The amount of energy produced by each module were measured and compared to a reference module with no filter. The results indicated the variable response of polycrystalline solar cells to natural and artificial light sources, being more responsive in both cases to red band color as could be deduced from their % current outputs (72.5% sunlight radiation; 84.38% artificial light sources). Other colors, including yellow, green, orange and violet afforded acceptable outputs. The results indicated that electrical outputs of indoor solar cells decreased when colored filters were used, but red filter in general afforded the maximum outputs, for both the artificially radiated indoor and naturally radiated outdoor solar cells. The case study suggests the possible complementary advantage of using indoor mounted solar cells for the production of electricity during artificial illumination period of the day.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4096-4103
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Cardiac Motions Classification on Sequential PSAX Echocardiogram

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1289-1296
Adam Shidqul Aziz , Riyanto Sigit , Achmad Basuki , Taufik Hidayat
Cardiac wall motions classification on 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic images is an important issue for quantitative diagnosiing of heart disease. Unfortunately, the bad quality of echocardiogram cause computationally classification on cardiac wall motions is still become a big homework for many researchers to provide the best result. Echocardiogram is produced by soundwaves which absolutely make its images have speckle noise in different intensity. Therefore, this research improves a set of methodology to classify cardiac wall motion semi-automatically. Raw echocardiogram will be enhanced and segmented to take the boundary of endocardium of left ventricular in PSAX cardiac images. New improvement of Semi-automatically methodology is approach on detecting the contour of endocardium and will be inputed as good features in Lucas-Kanade Optical Flow in all sequential echocargraphic images. On classifying cardiac wall motions, this research proposes two important features including length of displacement and flow direction. New proprosed flow determination algorithm and Euclidean distance is used to calculate those features. All the features will be trained by Neural Network (NN) and validated by Leave One Out (LOO) to get accurate result. NN method, which is validated by LOO, has the best result of 81.82% correctness than the other compared methods.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1289-1296
Publish at: 2018-12-01
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