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31,456 Article Results

A Novel Multipath Routing Ring Protocol Adapted for WMSN

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1045-1053
Bennani Mohamed Taj , Mhamed M. Ait Kbir
In this paper an enhanced protocol of multipath routing ring that is suitable for transferring images by making many upgrades. First, instead of using propagation between the layers, we use certain parameters such distance and delay to pick the next node of the lower layer. Then, we used an heterogeneous network, including sensors (capture and send images) and connectors (serve as a bridge to the sink). Finally, we used  the pyramid decomposition technique. To avoid congestion, we adjust  the number of levels based on the state of the network. To verify our protocol, we used Castalia simulator to simulate the real transmission conditions. Then, we compared it with GPSR protocol and the original Multipath routing ring protocol. Our proposed protocol proves its efficiency by transferring more images with better quality (PSNR) and consuming less energy compared to other protocols.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1045-1053
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Intelligent Information System for Suspicious Human Activity Detection in Day and Night

10.11591/ijict.v7i3.pp117-123
J L Mazher Iqbal , S. Arun
The detection of human beings in a camera attracts more attention because of its wide range of applications such as abnormal event detection, person counting in a dense crowd, person identification, fall detection for care to elderly people, etc. Over the time, various techniques have evolved to enhance the visual information. This article presents a novel 3-D intelligent information system for identifying abnormal human activity using background subtraction, rectification, morphology, neural networks and depth estimation with a thermal camera and a pair of hand held Universal Serial Bus (USB) camera to visualize un-calibrated images. The proposed system detects strongest points using Speed-Up Robust Features (SURF). The Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) algorithm match the strongest points detected by SURF. 3-D object model and image stitching from image sequences are carried out in the proposed work. A series of images captured from different cameras are stitched into a geometrically consistent mosaic either horizontally/vertically based on the image acquisition. 3-D image and depth estimation of un-calibrated stereo images are acquired using rectification and disparity. The background is separated from the scene using threshold approach. Features are extracted using morphological operators in order to get the skeleton. Junction points and end points of the skeleton image are obtained from the skeleton. Data set of abnormal human activity is created using supervised learning such as neural network with a thermal camera and a pair of webcam. The feature vector of an activity is compared with already created data set, if a match occurs the classifier detects abnormal human activity. Additionally the proposed algorithm performs depth estimation to measure real time distance of objects dynamically. The system use thermal camera, Intel computing stick, converter, video graphics array (VGA) to high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) and webcams. The proposed novel intelligent information system gives 94% maximum accuracy and 89% minimum accuracy for different activities, thus it effectively detects suspicious activity during day and night.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 117-123
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Factors Influencing Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Kenya: The Case of Nyeri County

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.15013
Gichogo Agnes Wangeci , David Macharia
Globally, cervical cancer continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity among women with developing countries accounting for more than 86% of the deaths from the disease. In Kenya, cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women: regrettably, with 80% of the cases presented during the late stages of the disease when the scope of successful treatment is limited. An opportunity to prevent occurrence of cervical cancer exists through cervical cancer screening for early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions before these develop to cancer. However, only a negligible proportion of women benefit from cervical cancer screening services in developing countries, including Kenya. The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to determine the factors influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services; and focused on the women seeking maternal and family planning services at Central Provincial General Hospital, Kenya. The study established that, as in most developing countries, utilization of cervical cancer screening services was low, regardless of the women’s education level, autonomy in decision making and even good family support. The low level of awareness on the need for screening services and the long waiting time at the clinic for those seeking the services were identified as the two key issues that negatively influenced the utilization of the screening services, It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Health and other agencies, including individuals of good will, collaborate in designing and implementing awareness campaigns through the media and other appropriate avenues, including one-to-one encounters, targeting both men and women in the communities. It is also recommended that the male partners support their women in accessing this vital life-saving service.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 236-247
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Develop and Implementation of Solar Powered Ventilation System

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1211-1221
Hairol Nizam Mohd Shah , Zalina Kamis , Mohd Fairus Abdollah , Mohd Khairi Mohd Zambri , Faizil Wasbari , Nursabillilah Mohd Ali , Amirul Anwar Mat Shah
A ventilation system comprising a ventilator or fan to inhale fresh air from environment surrounding enters the cabin of a car where at the same time exhale the hot air to the outside. This invention system is using solar power integrate with the ventilation system in order to stabilize the thermal condition inside the car during sunny day. The solar power is chosen as it is reasonable due to its limitless and environmental friendly source just like mentioned in the previous objective of the project. In addition, a rechargeable battery is used to power the ventilator in the absence of the alternative energy during cloudy day or has obstacle like being shaded by buildings, trees and others. It is just like an extra supply during emergency case. This may prevent the lack of power energy supply for the system. A heat sensor is used as to detect targeted (high temperature) and desired temperature (drop temperature) inside the car. It is operatively connected to a logic circuit to measure environmental factor, wherein the controller (PIC Microcontroller) utilizes the measured environmental condition to allow the power supply to activate or deactivate the ventilator.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1211-1221
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Suicide Ideation, School Absenteeism and Physical Violence among Secondary School Students in Kampala, Uganda

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14589
Samuel Sendagala , John Senkusu , George William Lubwama , Danstan Bagenda , Micheal Muyonga , Wolfgang Hladik
School youth in many African countries face a range of non-infectious health risks, in addition to the infectious disease burden typical in resource-limited settings. We examined self-reported health behaviors associated with suicide ideation, school absenteeism and physical violence among secondary school students in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional three-stage cluster-based survey among students aged >=15 years, and/or enrolled in forms 3–6 (grades 9-12) in 54 secondary schools in Kampala. Interview data were collected with a standardised electronic questionnaire through computer-assisted self-interviewing and results were weighted for sample design and non-response. Pearson’s chi-square and logistic regression methods were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Bullying among female respondents was positively associated with suicide ideation (aOR=1.73). In multivariate analysis, suicidal ideation was positively associated with a lifetime exposure to illicit drug use (aOR=1.76), serious injury (aOR=1.67) or school absenteeism (aOR=1.46). School absenteeism was positively associated with serious injury (aOR=1.59), history of alcohol consumption (aOR=1.55), bullying (aOR=1.52) and suicide ideation (aOR=1.45). Serious injury (aOR=2.89), a life-time history of illicit drug use (aOR=2.65), recent history of having been bullied (aOR=2.38), physical activity (aOR=2.12), suicide ideation (aOR=1.58), school absenteeism (aOR=1.57) were associated with having been engaged in physical violence. Bullying, serious injury and illicit drug use were associated with suicidal ideation, school absenteeism and physical violence. Concerted efforts should be considered by education authorities, parents and the community to tackle these risky behaviors.  
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 293-302
Publish at: 2018-12-01

PAPR Reduction at Large Multi-User-MIMO-OFDM using Adaptive Data Detection Algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1071-1080
N Praba , K. M. Ravikumar
Wireless communication in present era contains large-scale MIMO network architecture that need to deliver an optimize-QoS to multi-user (MU). The optimize data rate transmission in massive MU-MIMO wireless systems is one of the most difficult task due to the extremely high implementation complexity. The practical wireless system channels generally exhibits the PAPR and frequency selective fading, it is also necessary to have a precoding solution in PAPR for the selected desirable channels. A solution for the designed problem of a noble error-correcting code for OFDM process with a low PAPR, in the case of impulse noise should be considered. In this paper, Adaptive-Data-detection (ADD) algorithm is proposed to obtain lower-complexity data-detection that corresponds to high throughput design and impulse noise removal for large MUI-MIMO wireless systems by the OFDM modulation technique. That contains some steps such as; initialization, pre-processing and equalization steps in order to get no performance loss and to minimalize the recurrent amount at each iterations during operation. In order to use simplify model, here we assume suitably perfect synchronization, large cyclic prefix and perfect-CSI (channel-state-information) which has been developed through the pilot depended training. Simulation results analysis show the proposed method substantial improvement over the existing algorithm in terms of both ‘Error-rate’ minimization and PAPR reduction.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1071-1080
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Antenatal Care Visits and Early Detection of Pre-eclampsia among Pregnant Women

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14769
Dini Rima Fadilah , Shrimarti Rukmini Devy
The death of pregnant women is still the world's attention in the field of health. The SDG's indicator provides one of the goals in the health field. The target to be achieved is a global maternal mortality ratio of less than 70/100,000 live births by 2030. According to WHO, preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the world, including Indonesia. East Java Province with the highest ranking in Indonesia. One of the cities in East Java which is the leading contributor to preeclampsia is Surabaya with 16 cases in 2016. The government carries out the treatment to reduce maternal mortality due to preeclampsia through antenatal care. This study aimed to analyze antenatal care visits for early detection of preeclampsia. The method in this research is qualitative research method with data retrieval technique using in-depth interview. Based on the results of research antenatal care visits have an effect on early detection of preeclampsia. Pregnant women who regularly make antenatal visits can prevent possible dangers of pregnancy as early as possible. So the maternal mortality rate (MMR) due to pre-eclampsia can be decreased.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 248-253
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Agriculture Data Analytics in Crop Yield Estimation: A Critical Review

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1087-1093
B.M. Sagar , Cauvery N K
Agriculture is important for human survival because it serves the basic need. A well-known fact that the majority of population (≥55%) in India is into agriculture. Due to variations in climatic conditions, there exist bottlenecks for increasing the crop production in India. It has become challenging task to achieve desired targets in Agri based crop yield. Factors like climate, geographical conditions, economic and political conditions are to be considered which have direct impact on the production, productivity of the crops. Crop yield prediction is one of the important factors in agriculture practices. Farmers need information regarding crop yield before sowing seeds in their fields to achieve enhanced crop yield. The use of technology in agriculture has increased in recent year and data analytics is one such trend that has penetrated into the agriculture field being used for management of crop yield and monitoring crop health. The recent trends in the domain of agriculture have made the people to understand the significance of          Big data. The main challenge using big data in agriculture is identification of impact and effectiveness of big data analytics.  Efforts are going on to understand how big data analytics can be used to improve the productivity in agricultural practices. The analysis of data related to agriculture helps in crop yield prediction, crop health monitoring and other such related activities. In literature, there exist several studies related to the use of data analytics in the agriculture domain. The present study gives insights on various data analytics methods applied to crop yield prediction. The work also signifies the important lacunae points’ in the proposed area of research.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1087-1093
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Analysis and Investigation of a Novel Microwave Sensor with High Q-Factor for Oil Sensing

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1407-1412
Ammar Alhegazi , Zahriladha Zakaria , Noor Azwan Shairi , Tole Sutikno , Rammah A. Alahnomi , Ahmed Ismail Abu-Khadrah
In this paper, a novel microwave sensor with high Q-factor for oil sensing is analyzed and investigated. The new design is based on a gap waveguide cavity resonator (GWCR). To characterize and evaluate the sample, the oil under tested (OUT) is injected into a Teflon tube, which is passing through the microfluidic channel that is located in the middle of the cavity where the electric field concentrates. The results show that the proposed sensor has a high Q-factor of 4832. Moreover, the proposed design has the ability to sense and detect different types of oils with a small variation of permittivities such as Fish oil, Coconut oil, Olive oil, Linseed oil and Castor oil. The permittivity equation is extracted using the polynomial fitting method to define unknown dielectric properties of the OUT. The results show that the evaluated permittivity using the proposed sensor has a good agreement with the ideal permittivity. Therefore, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for oil processing in food industries.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1407-1412
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Compliance of Healthcare Workers with Hand Hygiene Practices in the Northeast of Iran: An Overt Observation

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14191
Reza Vafaei Nezhad , Atieh Yaghoubi , Kiarash Ghazvini
Hand hygiene (HH) is one of the most effective methods to prevent transmission and spread of microorganisms from one patient to another, also, it used to reduce the spread of pathogens in clinical settings and to help control outbreaks but compliance is usually poor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the compliance of hand hygiene and affecting factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) of northeast hospitals in Iran. This study was conducted based on observation method for the compliance of hand hygiene according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. HCWs were observed during routine patient care in different shifts, also the technique of hand hygiene was assessed through hand washing with alcohol-based disinfectant. Data were collected during 1 year, from June 2014 to July 2015 by the infection control teams in the northeast hospital of Iran. By direct observation, we evaluated a total of 92518 hand hygiene opportunities from 29 hospitals in the northeast of Iran during 1 year, with overall compliance rates in these hospitals were 43.42%. Compliance rates differed by role: nurses43%, doctors 19 % and other health workers 29%. In this observational study, we identified that adherence to hand hygiene practice and use of alcohol-based disinfectant was very low in this hospitals, so effective intervention programs to promote adherence to hand hygiene and use of disinfectants could be effective to increase compliance.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 289-292
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Predicting Smoking Behaviors among Junior High School Students in Ghana

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.15225
Emmanuel Thompson , Seidu Sofo
Despite the rising rate of smoking in sub-Sahara African countries, measures to control the tobacco epidemic have been limited to developed countries. The purpose of the present study was to recommend predictive models for determining predictors of smoking tendencies among junior high school students in Ghana. The 2009 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) served as the data source. The GYTS is a school-based survey designed to enhance the ability of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth and to guide the implementation and evaluation of tobacco control and prevention programs. Logit model and forward selection were used to choose predictive variables for smoking tendencies and behaviors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, Area under the curve (AUC) and C-Index were validation tools used to assess the predictive power of recommended models. Results showed promising potential for different predictive models: where students smoked, having friends who smoked, having people smoke in their presence, chewing tobacco products, and a student’s sex significantly predicted their smoking tendencies. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 223-230
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Real-time Application Framework for Web-Based Speech Recognition Using HTTP/2 and SSE

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1230-1238
Kalamullah Ramli , Asril Jarin , Suryadi Suryadi
The performance of network-based speech recognition application is mainly determined by the availability of all speech data received on the server and also the realtimeness in delivering the recognition results from the server. On the basis of full-duplex speech recognition application this paper proposes a real-time application framework for web speech recognition using HTTP/2 protocol and Sender-Sent Events (SSE). A number of experiments were performed to compare the latency of both the application using HTTP/2 plus SSE and the full-duplex application using WebSocket. The results showed that the proposed framework offers better alternative for a web-based speech recognition than the framework using WebSocket.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1230-1238
Publish at: 2018-12-01

LBtrans-Bot: A Latin-to-Balinese Script Transliteration Robotic System based on Noto Sans Balinese Font

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1247-1256
Gede Indrawan , Ni Nyoman Harini Puspita , I Ketut Paramarta , Sariyasa Sariyasa
Balinese script writing, as one of Balinese cultural richness, is going to extinct because of its decreasing use. This research is one of the ways to preserve Balinese script writing using technological approach. Through collaboration between Computer Science and Balinese Language discipline, this research focused on the development of a Latin-to-Balinese script transliteration robotic system that was called LBtrans-Bot. LBtrans-Bot can be used as a learning system to give the transliteration knowledge as one aspect of Balinese script writing. In this research area, LBtrans-Bot was known as the first system that utilize Noto Sans Balinese font and was developed based on the identified seventeen kinds of special word. LBtrans-Bot consists of the transliterator web application, the transceiver console application, and the robotic arm with its GUI controller application. The transliterator used the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern, where each of them was implemented by using MySQL database (as the repository for the words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word), HTML, PHP, CSS, and Bootstrap (mostly for the User Interface responsive design), and JavaScript (mostly for the transliteration algorithm and as the controller between the Model and the View). Dictionary data structure was used in the transliterator memory as a place to hold data (words) from the Model. The transceiver used batch script and AutoIt script to receive and trasmit data from the transliterator to the GUI controller, which control the Balinese script writing of the robotic arm. The robotic arm with its GUI controller used open-source mDrawBot Arduino Robot Building platform. Through the experiment, LBtrans-Bot has been able to write the 34-pixel font size of the Noto Sans Balinese font from HTML 5 canvas that has been setup with additional 10-pixel length of the width and the height of the Balinese script writing area. Its transliterator gave the accuracy result up to 91% (138 of 151) testing cases of The Balinese Alphabet writing rules and examples document by Sudewa. This transliterator result outperformed the best result of the known existing transliterator based on Bali Simbar font, i.e. Transliterasi Aksara Bali, that only has accuracy up to 68% (103 of 151) cases of the same testing document. In the future work, LBtrans-Bot could be improved by: 1) Accommodating more complex Balinese script with trade off to the limited writing area of robotic system; 2) Enhancing its transliterator to accommodating the rules and/or examples from the testing document that recently cannot be handled or gave incorrect transliteration result; enriching the database consists of words belong to the seventeen kinds of special word; and implementing semantic relation transliteration.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1247-1256
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases among Adults of 25-65 Years at Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya

10.11591/ijphs.v7i4.14495
Monicah Njambi Kibe , Gordon Nguka , Silvenus Konyole
In Kenya the growing number of premature deaths with half of all hospital admissions and 33% of all deaths are associated with Non-communicable diseases. The study determined the physical measurements and lipid parameters of adults 25-65 years at Kakamega County General Hospital. Data was collected using the WHO STEPs Instrument: Physical measurements assessed were Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Waist Hip measurements, Body mass Index and blood pressure. The study significance level was 0.05.  Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used. χ2 test of independence was used to find out the relationship between anthropometric measurements and lipid parameters. Data was presented in form of tables, figures and texts. There was a significant relationship between BMI and Triglycerideχ2 (12, N=60)= 25.752 P=0.012, BMI and LDLχ2(8,N=60)=19.312 p=0.013, BMI and Total Cholesterol χ2(8, N=60)=18.694 p=0.017, MUAC and HDL χ2(4, N=60) =14.446 p=0.006, WHR and Total Cholesterol χ2(2, N=60)=17.985 p=0.000, WHR and LDL χ2(2, N=60)=15.246p=0.000. The study advocated for policies to reduce the incidences of risk factors for NCDs which will assist in achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. Kenyan population are in need of screening for risks associated with NCDs.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 274-282
Publish at: 2018-12-01

The Effects of Segmentation Techniques in Digital Image Based Identification of Ethiopian Paper Currency

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1106-1110
Solomon Wondaya Guangul
Paper and coin are the two most common currencies in all over the world. In Ethiopia also paper and coin currency are used for medium of exchange. This paper presents the comparative study of segmentation techniques towards Ethiopian paper currency classification. Otsu, FCM and K-means segmentation techniques are considered for this study and BPNN is used for classification of currencies. For the classification, images are collected from commercial bank of Ethiopia and Dashen Bank; for our data set, a total of 500 images samples were collected. From these images, 91.2% accuracy is achieved when Otsu segmentation is used on BPNN with TANH learning function.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1106-1110
Publish at: 2018-12-01
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