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31,128 Article Results

Microcontroller-based Vertical Farming Automation System

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2046-2053
Shomefun Tobi Emmanuel , Awosope Claudius O. A. , Ebenezer O. Diagi
Food is a basic necessity of life. It is the means by which man is nourished and strengthened to carry out his daily activities. The need for food for the upkeep of man has placed agriculture at the helm of man’s affairs on earth. With a rapidly increasing population on earth, man has invented newer and innovative ways to cultivate crops. This cultivation is mainly concentrated in rural areas of countries around the world; but with the massive urbanization happening in the world today; it is becoming increasingly difficult to have enough agricultural produce that will cater for the massive population. Taking Nigeria as a case study, the increased urbanization has placed a massive demand on land, energy and water resources within urban areas of the country. Majority of the food consumed in the urban areas is cultivated in the rural areas. This system however requires longer transportation times from rural areas to urban areas which lead to contamination and spoilage in many instances. This research paper provides a solution in which food crops can be cultivated easily in urban areas by planting in vertically stacked layers in order to save space and use minimal energy and water for irrigation.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2046-2053
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Impact of Packet Inter-arrival Time Features for Online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Classification

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2521-2530
Bushra Mohammed Ali Abdalla , Mosab Hamdan , Mohammed Sultan Mohammed , Joseph Stephen Bassi , Ismahani Ismail , Muhammad Nadzir Marsono
Identification of bandwidth-heavy Internet traffic is important for network administrators to throttle high-bandwidth application traffic. Flow features based classification have been previously proposed as promising method to identify Internet traffic based on packet statistical features. The selection of statistical features plays an important role for accurate and timely classification. In this work, we investigate the impact of packet inter-arrival time feature for online P2P classification in terms of accuracy, Kappa statistic and time. Simulations were conducted using available traces from University of Brescia, University of Aalborg and University of Cambridge. Experimental results show that the inclusion of inter-arrival time (IAT) as an online feature increases simulation time and decreases classification accuracy and Kappa statistic.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2521-2530
Publish at: 2018-08-01

A Comparative Review on Data Hiding Schemes

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp768-774
Roshidi Din , Raihan Sabirah Sabri , Aida Mustapha , Sunariya Utama
Data hiding is a technique used to protect confidential information. The aim of a particular data hiding scheme is to make a more secure and robust method of information exchange so that confidential and private data can be protected against attacks and illegal access. The aim of this paper is to review on different data hiding schemes, covering the decoding, decrypting and extracting schemes. This paper also highlighted three major schemes that are widely used in research and real practice. The discussion include findings on the most recent work on decryption schemes.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 768-774
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Smart Wheelchair: A Literature Review

10.11591/ijict.v7i2.pp63-66
Kedar Sukerkar , Darshitkumar Suratwala , Anil Saravade , Jairaj Patil , Rovina D’britto
In today’s world there are many disabled persons who find it difficult to perform movements or perform daily activities. This types of persons are mainly dependent on others for their assistance. But they can become self-independent and perform some daily activities on their own with the help of assistive devices. The most widely used assistive devices are Wheelchairs. Wheelchairs is basically a chair fitted with wheels, which can help people move around who cannot walk because of illness, disability or injury. But there are many disabled people with weak limbs and joints who cannot move the wheelchair. Thus, Smart Wheelchair can benefit a lot to them and everyone in society. Smart Wheelchairs are electric powered wheelchairs with many extra components such as a computer and sensors which help the user or guardian accompanying wheelchair to handle it easily and efficiently. The recent development in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Sensor technologies and Robotics help the growth of wheelchairs with new features. This paper is to review the current state of art of Smart Wheelchairs and discuss the future research in this field.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 63-66
Publish at: 2018-08-01

A Compact Inverted Y Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bluetooth Applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp413-418
Ramesh Kumar Verma , D K Srivastava
In this paper a compact and slotted rectangular microstrip antenna is designed at 3.00GHz frequency and it is loaded by inverted Y slot so that the bandwidth of microstrip antenna is improved upto 36.30%. The area of radiating patch for 3.00GHz frequency is 711.36mm2.The proposed antenna design has frequency band in the frequency range 2.097GHz to 3.030GHz. The proposed antenna is resonating at 2.45GHz and area of radiating patch at this frequency is 1077.97mm2. Hence the size of antenna is reduced by 34% corresponding to resonance frequency 2.45GHz. This frequency band is suitable for Bluetooth and other wireless communication applications. The proposed slotted microstrip antenna is directly feed by 50Ω microstrip line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D simulation software based on method of moments.
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page: 413-418
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Fuzzy Gain Scheduling PID Control for Position of the AR.Drone

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp1939-1946
Agung Prayitno , Veronica Indrawati , Ivan Immanuel Trusulaw
This paper describes the design and implementation of fuzzy gain scheduling PID control for position of the AR.Drone. This control scheme uses 3 PID controllers as the main controller of the AR.Drone, in this case to control pitch, roll and throttle. The process of tuning parameters for each PID is done automatically by scheduling determined by Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy logic model. This paper uses five function sets of PID parameters that will be evaluated by fuzzy logic in order to tune PID controllers. Error position (x,y,z), as inputs of controller, enters the PID Signal block yielding the ouputs in term of error, integral error and differential error. These signal become the inputs of the fuzzy scheduler to yield outputs pitch, roll and throttle to the AR.drone. The control scheme is implemented on the AR.Drone to make it fly to forming a square in the room. The experimental results show that the control scheme can follow the desired points, and process scheduling PID parameters can be shown.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 1939-1946
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Comparing ICH-Leach and Leach descendents on Image Transfer using DCT

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2098-2105
Bennani Taj , Mhamed Ait Kbir
The development and miniaturization of CMOS (microphones and cameras) in the last years have allowed the creation of WMSN (Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network). Therefore, transferring multimedia content through the network has become an important field of research. It transmits the recorded multimedia data wirelessly from a node to another  to reach the Sink (base station). Thus, routing protocols make a big contribution in this process, because they participate in optimizing the node's resource usage. Since Leach protocol was designed only to minimize energy consumption of the network .The goal of this paper is to compare our protocol in tnansfering images with other Leach protocol descendants .By using the application layer, we applied the jpeg compression using the frequency domain on images before sending them to the network.In this paper ,readers will find statistics concerning the lifetime of the network , the energy consumption and most importantly statistics about received images .Also, we used Castalia framework to simulate real conditions of transmission .simulation results proved the efficiency of our protocol by prolonging the lifetime of the network and transmitting more images with better quality compared to other protocols.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2098-2105
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Application of Multiple Kernel Support Vector Regression for Weld Bead Geometry Prediction in Robotic GMAWProcess

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2310-2318
Nader Mollayi , Mohammad Javad Eidi
Modelling and prediction of weld bead geometry is an important issue in robotic GMAW process. This process is highly non-linear and coupled multivariable system and the relationship between process parameters and weld bead geometry cannot be defined by an explicit mathematical expression. Therefore, application of supervised learning algorithms can be useful for this purpose. Support vector machine is a very successful approach to supervised learning. In this approach, a higher degree of accuracy and generalization capability can be obtained by using the multiple kernel learning framework, which is considered as a great advantage in prediction of weld bead geometry due to the high degree of prediction accuracy required. In this paper, a novel approach for modelling and prediction of the weld bead geometry, based on multiple kernel support vector regression analysis has been proposed, which benefits from a high degree of accuracy and generalization capability. This model can be used for proper selection of welding parameters in order to obtain a desired weld bead geometry in robotic GMAW process.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2310-2318
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Reduction of Four-Wave Mixing in DWDM System using Electro-Optic Phase Modulator

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2384-2389
Naif Alsowaidi , Tawfig Eltaif , Mohd Ridzuan Mokhtar , Belal A. Hamida
In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDM-channels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10-26 over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2384-2389
Publish at: 2018-08-01

A New Hybrid Robust Fault Detection of Switching Systems by Combination of Observer and Bond Graph Method

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2157-2171
Mohammad Ghasem Kazemi , Mohsen Montazeri
In this paper, the problem of robust Fault Detection (FD) for continuous time switched system is tackled using a hybrid approach by combination of a switching observer and Bond Graph (BG) method. The main criteria of an FD system including the fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level in the presence of parametric uncertainties are considered in the proposed FD system. In the first stage, an optimal switching observer based on state space representation of the BG model is designed in which simultaneous fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level are satisfied using H􀀀=H1 index. In the second stage, the Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs) of the switching system are derived based on the output estimation error of the observer, which is called Error-based Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (EGARRs). The parametric uncertainties are included in the EGARRs, which define the adaptive thresholds on the residuals. A constant term due to the effect of disturbance is also considered in the thresholds. In fact, a two-stage FD system is proposed wherein some criteria may be considered in each stage. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for a two-tank system.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2157-2171
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Performance Analysis of Antenna Selection Techniques in MIMO-OFDM System with Hardware Impairments: Energy Efficiency perspective

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2272-2279
Anuj Singal , Deepak Kedia
In this paper we propose a new MIMO-OFDM model in which we consider various antenna selection techniques like Bulk selection and Per-subcarrier selection etc. with hardware impairments such as non-linearties of amplifiers, quantization noise, phase noise and I-Q imbalance etc. As we know that the transceiver hardware impairments limit the channel capacity and the energy efficiency of MIMO-OFDM system, so we can not neglect the fundamental impacts of these hardware impairments {Kappa  (0.05 0.1)} on the energy efficiency in the high SNR domain. Therefore we analyze the Energy Efficiency of Bulk and Per-subcarrier antenna selection techniques with or without hardware impairments. It has been observed that the energy efficiency decreases as the value of these hardware impairments increases. As we compared the Bulk antenna selection with the Per-subcarrier antenna selection scheme, the Per-subcarrier antenna selection requires more number of RF (radio frequency) chains and transmits power in comparison to the Bulk selection. Due to this, the Bulk antenna selection technique is more energy efficient than Per-subcarrier antenna selection.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2272-2279
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Band-pass Filter with Harmonics Suppression Capability

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2512-2520
Izni Husna Idris , Mohamad Rijal Hamid , Kamilia Kamardin , Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim , Farid Zubir , Huda A. Majid
This paper presents a Band-pass Filter (BPF) with a very wide suppressions band. The filter design is based on a modified U-shaped slot. Two pair of U-shaped slots is used to ensure that the filter can suppress the unwanted frequencies up to 4th harmonics. In order to achieve sharp skirt, two transmission zeroes are created near the passband area. Additional transmission zeroes are introduced to deepen the stopband area. Therefore, the passband range starts from 1.3 to 3.3 GHz and the stopband range from 3.3 GHz up to 9 GHz are achieved. The filter performances are verified through simulated and measured results.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2512-2520
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Characteristic and Surge Impedance Variation Impact on Transmission Line Performance

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2602-2607
Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa
Modeling of power systems is essential to perform various network analyses. Voltage regulation, line losses and transmission line efficiency are greatly affected by transmission line parameters. Hence, accurate modeling of transmission line is required. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of characteristic and surge impedances on voltage profile, voltage regulation and transmission line efficiency.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2602-2607
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Electronic Glove: A Teaching AID for the Hearing Impaired

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2290-2298
Ertie Abana , Kym Harris Bulauitan , Ravy Kim Vicente , Michelle Rafael , Jay Boy Flores
Learning how to speak in order to communicate with others is part of growing up. Like a normal person, deaf and mutes also need to learn how to connect to the world they live in. For this purpose, an Electronic Glove or E-Glovewas developed as a teaching aid for the hearing impaired particularly children. E-Glove makes use ofthe American Sign Language (ASL) asthe basis for recognizing hand gestures. It was designed using flex sensors and an accelerometer to detect the degree of bend made by the fingers as well asa movement of the hand. E-Glove transmits the data received from the sensors wirelessly to a computer and then displays the letter or basic word that correspondsto a gesture made by the individual wearing it. E-Glove provides a simple, accurate, reliable, cheap, speedy gesture recognition and user-friendlyteaching aid for the instructors that are teaching sign language to the deaf and mute community.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2290-2298
Publish at: 2018-08-01

Incorporating Index of Fuzziness and Adaptive Thresholding for Image Segmentation

10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2406-2418
Umi Salamah , Riyanarto Sarno , Agus Zainal Arifin , Anto Satriyo Nugroho , Ismail Eko Prayitno Rozi , Puji Budi Setia Asih
Binary Segmentation of an image played an important role in many image processing application. An image that was having no bimodal (or nearly) histogram accompanied by low-contrast was still a challenging segmentation problem to address. In this paper, we proposed a new segmentation strategy to images with very irregular histogram and had not significant contrast using index of fuzziness and adaptive thresholding. Index of fuzziness was used to determine the initial threshold, while adaptive thresholding was used to refine the coarse segmentation results. The used data were grayscale images from related papers previously. Moreover, the proposed method would be tested on the grayscale images of malaria parasite candidates from thickblood smear that had the same problem with this research. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved higher segmentation accuracy and lower estimation error than other methods. The method also effective proven to segment malaria parasite candidates from thickblood smears image.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page: 2406-2418
Publish at: 2018-08-01
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