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23,598 Article Results

Dynamics and Control of a Stop Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5320
Alvaro Vargas-Clara , Sangram Redkar
The objective of this work was to develop a variety of control systems for a Stop-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in hover flight. The Stop-Rotor UAV has capabilities of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) like a helicopter and can convert from a helicopter mode to an airplane mode in mid-flight. Thus, this UAV can hover as a helicopter and achieve high mission range of an airplane. The stop-rotor concept implies that in mid-flight the thrust generating helicopter rotor stops and rotates the blades into airplane wings. The thrust in airplane mode is then provided by a pusher propeller. The aircraft configuration presents unique challenges in flight dynamics, modeling and control. In this paper a mathematical model is derived, and then the model is simulated with non-zero initial conditions. Various control systems are then implemented. The control techniques utilized are a linear control, optimal linear control and a nonlinear control with the objective of stabilizing the UAV in hover flight. Settling time and control effort are then compared across the different control systems.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1589
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 597-608
Publish at: 2012-10-04

Distributed Generation unit and Capacitor Placement for Multi-objective Optimization

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5324
A. Sadighmanesh , K. Zare , M. Sabahi
Distributed Generation (DG) and capacitor placement and the tap setting of ULTC transformers can be used individually to improve the voltage profile and loss reduction. In this article, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the multi-objective function for DG and capacitor placement with tap setting of ULTC. The objective function consists the loss reduction, voltage improvement and increasing the available transfer capability (ATC) of the distribution network. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to IEEE 41 bus radial distribution network. The results show that this method has a better effect on improving the objective functions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1590
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 615-620
Publish at: 2012-10-04

Optimal Controller Design for Thermal Power System with Feedback Linearization

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5339
Ravi Shankar , Kalyan Chatterjee , T. K. Chatterjee
The main objective of this paper is to device a method for construction of state-feedback control law for a single area thermal power system .In this method, first plant model is transformed into the controller form and constructs a state feedback controller in the new coordinates and then using the inverse transformation; represent the controller in the original coordinates. While constructing the controller in the new coordinates, a part of the controller is used to cancel nonlinearities, thus resulting in a linear system in the new coordinates. Simulation results in a single reheat thermal system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear control scheme.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.559
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 672-680
Publish at: 2012-10-01

Impact of Dynamic PHEV load on Photovoltaic System

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5332
F.R. Islam , H. R. Pota
This paper presents the dynamics of photovoltaic (PV) cell with Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) load. It is expected that PHEVs are going to be charged during the day with solar PV energy sources at the parking sites of PHEVs. The present work offers a complete system for charging PHEVs with PV cell where PHEVs load are modelled based on third order battery model. System dynamics are analyzed at maximum power point while Perturb and Observe (P&O) method is used to ensure the tracking of maximum power point from the PV cell. This paper analyses the impact of PHEV loads on the dynamic behaviour of a solar power system under both small disturbance and large change in radiation. Simulation results demonstrate that it is important to consider the dynamics of PHEVs load for charging with PV cell.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1239
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 644-654
Publish at: 2012-10-01

Model Study for Temperature Microchange by WSN Technology

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5328
Chin-Yuan Hsieh
ABSTRACT- The forest temperature microchange becomes critically important due to the study of global change. In this paper we develop a novel model to predict the measured data for forest temperature microchange by the wireless sensor network technology. The measurement system includes zigbee and Tmote Sky wireless sensor network system. The model is developed by the temperature second-order differential equation. From the measurement and model analysis, we found the temperature reaches maximum peak at different time due to the different dielectric constant of tree skin. The time difference is in the range of 1 to 2 hours. In model development we also found the distribution of temperature microchange has an exponential function distribution. After comparisons of model prediction with the measured data the correlation coefficient between them is 0.935736. The excellent prediction reaches in this model study.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1340
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 632-638
Publish at: 2012-10-01

Ergodic Capacity of MIMO Correlated Channels in Multipath Fading Environment with known Channel State Information

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5343
Mir Muhammad Lodro , Muhammad Hanif Abro
In this paper we have evaluated the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels in fading environment. Both cases of correlated and uncorrelated MIMO channels are considered under the condition when Channel State Information (CSI) is not known at transmitter and CSI is known at receiver side. We have compared the capacity of 2x2, 3x3 and 4x4 MIMO channels and have shown that capacity increases linearly with increase in the number of antennas at transmitter and receiver side. Increase in the channel capacity is observed because of the uncorrelated channel paths Correlation among the the signals is dependent on the antenna structure and properties and number of the scatterers in the environment. Antenna structure includes the number of elements, the inter-element distance, Angle of Arrival (AOA) and Direction of Arrival (DOA). Additionaly, Correlation increases with the number of scatterers, their distribution, location and degree of movement. Signals with same spatial signature received are considered correlated which reduces the channel capacity. In sum, correlation among the sub-channels causes the degradation in the spectral efficiency of MIMO channels.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1510
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 691-697
Publish at: 2012-10-01

A New Approach For Image Hiding Based On Contourlet Transform

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5337
Saeed Masaebi , Amir Masoud Eftekhary Moghaddam
A new image hiding method based on the contourlet transform is proposed inthis paper. This strategy is based on storing information in high frequency subbands of contourlet transform. The embedding approach is in direction that the contourlet sub-bands have the least statistical disorder. As a result, the proposed algorithm has a higher robustness against to common steganalysis approaches. In addition, the quality of stegano image has considerably improved in comparison with related state of the art methods, with the extracted secret image having an acceptable quality. Furthermore, theexperimental results show robustness respect to Gaussian noise and otherattacks such as JPEG compression.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1433
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 663-671
Publish at: 2012-10-01

Design of a Computer Code To Evaluate the Influence of the Harmonics in the Electrical Networks

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5341
A. Souli , A. Hellal
This paper aims to present the design of a computer code (HPFCODE), forcalculate a power flow and power losses in power systems under theinfluence of harmonics, using the GUI in MATLAB. After described theprogram was run for two networks IEEE 6 nodes and IEEE 14 nodes. Thepower flow by Newton-Raphson method was calculated as the losses ofactive and reactive power in the lines, respectively, where the loads arelinear and nonlinear (Static Var Compensator(SVC), Thyristor controlledReactor(TCR), and Unified Power Flow Controller ((UPFC)), The resultswere almost consistent and show the influence of higher harmonics onpower losses in electrical networks.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1465
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 681-690
Publish at: 2012-10-01

Design and Characterization of Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna Using “Split Ring” Shaped Metamaterial Structure

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5335
Bimal Garg , Pramod k Singhal
Authors analyzed and explored asignificant concept of micro-strip patch antennaconfigured by double negative left handedmetamaterial which have dielectric permittivity &magnetic permeability both negative simultaneously.Basic aim of this paper is to explain thegeneral properties of rectangular micro-strippatch antenna with metamaterial structure likereturn loss, bandwidth, directivity and gain. Inthis paper authors have compared the return loss,bandwidth & gain of the micro-strip patchantenna at a frequency of 2GHz and height of 3.2mm from the ground plane with “SPLIT RING”Shaped double negative left-handed metamaterial.It has been observed that the return loss hasimproved by 20dB. The complex permittivity andpermeability of the proposed structure has beenextracted by Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW)approach.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.788
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 655-662
Publish at: 2012-10-01

765 kV Transmission Line Design (Electrical Section)

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5345
Aydin Sakhavati , Mostafa Yaltagiani , Shirin Saleh Ahari , Seyed Mahdi Mahaei
Nowadays, due to the ever increasing energy consumption and power supply optimization, it is required to construct new power plants, substations and transmission lines. In Iran, also, because of increasing demand for electrical energy, for a significant power loss reduction in power transmission over long distances, and to construct high transmission lines that lead to reduction in the economic costs of transmission lines, the transmission lines must be considered at extra high voltage (EHV) levels. These EHV levels should be compared with the low voltage levels in order to extract the benefits. Therefore, in this paper, a review has been conducted on the types of 765 kV transmission lines used in different countries and a comparison between them and the low voltage levels have been performed. Accordingly, the advantages of EHV transmission lines are summarized. Finally, designing a line of 765 kV single-circuit with 6 conductors per bundle based on existing standards is presented.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1591
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 698-707
Publish at: 2012-10-01

A novel method for extracting and recognizing logos

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5316
Arash Asefnezhad , Karim Faez
Nowadays, the high volume of archival documents has made it exigent to store documents in electronic databases. A text logo represents the ownership of the text, and different texts can be categorized by it; for this reason, different methods have been presented for extracting and recognizing logos. The methods presented earlier, suffer problems such as, error of logo detection and recognition and slow speed. The proposed method of this study is composed of three sections: In the first section, the exact position of the logo can be identified by the pyramidal tree structure and horizontal and vertical analysis, and in the second section, the logo can be extracted through the algorithm of the boundary extension of feature rectangles. In the third section, after normalizing the size of the logo and eliminating the skew angle, for feature extraction, we first blocked the region encompassing the logo, and then we extract a particular feature by the parameter of the center of gravity of connected component each block. Finally, we use the KNN classification for the recognition of the logo.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1292
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 577-588
Publish at: 2012-09-18

Optimum Remedial Operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5326
Hamdy Mohamed Soliman , S. M. EL. Hakim
In critical systems, the reliability of the drive is very important. The faults are unwanted. The faults may be lead to loss of the human life and capital. This paper is addressed this problem and suggested two models to solve it. The first model doesn’t contain any special tools to improve the torque ripple and THD. The second model contains 2PI current controllers to improvement the performance at fault and remedial operation. One is for the torque and the other is for the flux. The first PI controller is feeding from the torque error between the reference and estimated torques to get new q-axis current component representing modifier current arises from uncertain things inside the machine and drive system such as temperature and parameters variations. This current will add to reference q-axis current to get robust new q-axis current to satisfy the drive requirement and solve the torque problem (ripple torque). With robust current, the total harmonic distortion is a decrease but doesn’t reach the best value so the other PI controller is used to adjust the THD. In this PI controller, the d-axis flux is compared to rotor permanent magnet flux to solve this problem arises from non-sinusoidal of the magnetic flux. The output of the PI controller is introduced to the reference d-axis current. The new d-axis current will reach the best value of THD. The simulation of the second controller is compared to the simulation of first controller to show if the second controller strong or weak. Matlab simulink is used to simulate the drive system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.725
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 621-631
Publish at: 2012-09-18

Hilbert Transform Based Adaptive ECG R-Peak Detection Technique

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5331
Nikunj Makwana , Nikunj Hasmukhbhai Makwana , Nishant Mishra , Balwalli Sagar
In this paper we introduce a R-peak detection algorithm using the Hilbert transform for electrocardiogram processing. This algorithm uses the envelope obtained from Hilbert transform to detect the R-peaks in the ECG signal. The algorithm adaptively determines the threshold for peak determination. This technique minimizes the unwanted effects of large peaked T and P waves. Main advantage of this algorithm is that it performs extremely well in the pragmatic presence of noise.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.1439
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Page: 639-643
Publish at: 2012-09-18

Single-Phase PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers

https://ijpeds.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPEDS/article/view/4911
Shakil Ahamed Khan , Md. Ismail Hossain , Mousumi Aktar
In this paper, a front end ac–dc power factor correction topology is proposed for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve improved power quality, in terms of power factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains, and precisely regulated dc output. Within this context, this paper introduces a boost converter topology for implementing digital power factor correction based on low cost digital signal controller that operates the converter in continuous conduction mode, thereby significantly reducing input current harmonics. The theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is then developed, while an experimental digital control system is used to implement the new control strategy. A detailed converter operation, analysis and control strategy are presented along with simulation and experimental results for universal ac input voltage (100–240V) to 380V dc output at up to 3.0 kW load and a power factor greater than 0.98. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the new control method for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging application.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v2i3.1255
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 325-332
Publish at: 2012-09-01

ANN based Hybrid Active Power Filter for Harmonics Elimination with Distorted Mains

https://ijpeds.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPEDS/article/view/4902
Laxmi Devi Sahu , Satya Prakash Dubey
The present paper describes dynamic neural network controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) designed for harmonic compensation under variable source/load conditions. A neural network based controller is employed to extract fundamental component of current from non-sinusoidal and unbalanced source currents of the considered supply system. Hybrid filter utilizing the merits of both shunt passive filter and shunt active filter for better compensation performance is applied in this work. Simulation and analysis of three phase hybrid active power filter under balanced and unbalanced load conditions, unbalanced & distorted source conditions have been incorporated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The detailed simulation level results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.Keywords: Hybrid active power filter, THD, Artificial Neural Network Controller, PI controller.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v2i3.276 
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 241-248
Publish at: 2012-09-01
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