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23,598 Article Results

Artificial Neural Expert Computing Models for Determining Shelf Life of Processed Cheese

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5327
SUMIT GOYAL , Gyanendra Kumar Goyal
Time-delay single and multi layer models were developed for predicting shelf life of processed cheese stored at 30oC. Processed cheese is very nutritious dairy product, rich in milk proteins and milk fat. For developing computational neuroscience models,experimental data relating to body & texture, aroma & flavour, moisture, free fatty acids were taken as input variables, while sensory score as output variable. Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Coefficient of determination and Nash - Sutcliffo Coefficient were applied in order to compare the prediction performance of the developed computational models. The results of the study established excellent correlation between experimental data and the predicted values, with a high determination coefficient. From the study it was concluded that artificial neural expert time-delay models are good for predicting the shelf life of processed cheese.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.353
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 333-338
Publish at: 2012-05-01

A Design of Gain Boosted Error Amplifier Applied to PWM Control

https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/view/2237
Yu Shi-Hua , Wang Kai-Yu , Wei Shu-Ping , Wang Xiao-Feng , Yang Ming-Jian
A high gain, wide common-mode and high swing error amplifier is proposed. It can be applied to a PWM control chip. The error amplifier adopts folded cascode structure with gain boosted. This chip is simulated and fabricated in the CSMC 0.5μm CMOS. The result shows that the error amplifier has the DC gain of 141.11dB, the common-mode input range of 0~3.87v and the output swing of 0.11~4.80v. These meet the requirements of engineering applications and can realize stable system output. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i5.2461
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page: 2365-2370
Publish at: 2012-05-01

DSTATCOM Application for Mitigation of Voltage Sag Caused by Dynamic Loads in Autonomous Systems

https://ijpeds.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPEDS/article/view/4901
Ambarnath Banerji , Dr. Sujit K. Biswas , Bhim Singh
This paper presents the application of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for mitigating the frequently occurring problems of voltage dips in autonomous systems. Consumer loads are experiencing proliferation of induction motors. The starting of induction motors draws large current causing voltage sag (dip). Autonomous Power system is comparatively less stiff than the grid connected system. Large starting current, causing objectionable voltage drop, is critical for an autonomous system. DSTATCOM can be effectively used to redeem this power quality problem. An asynchronous generator with a motor load having a DSTATCOM connected in shunt is simulated on a MATLAB platform using Simulink and Power System Block set. The simulation establishes the capability of DSTATCOM to mitigate the voltage dip problem for an autonomous system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v2i2.320  
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 232-240
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Increasing the Accuracy of Detection and Recognition in Visual Surveillance

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5338
Ali Bazmi , karim Faez
Visual surveillance has two major steps of detecting and recognizing moving objects. In the detection stage, moving objects must be detected as quickly and accurately as possible and the influence of environmental light changes and waving trees should be reduced. In this research a block-based method is introduced in HSV color space in the detection stage. This method did not scan all the pixels of the frame and acted well in situations like sudden light changes. A powerful pattern recognition system should have powerful feature extraction and classification. Note that, feature extraction in gray level or RGB color space has problems such as environmental light changes, adding noise or changes in contrast and sharpness of images, which lead to weak classification. So the HSV color space was used. Here, Block-based Improved Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern is introduced for feature extraction. In each component of the HSV color space, information of highlight areas in the image such as edge, shape and some texture was extracted. The histogram was calculated in two-level blocks and Support Vector Machine was used for classifying into vehicles, motorcycles and pedestrians. The obtained results in increasing the detection accuracy and decreasing the spent time were satisfactory.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.337
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 395-404
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Optimal Location of FACTS Device on Enhancing System Security

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5321
Prakash Gajanan Burade , Jagdish Helonde
In this paper  a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a FACTS device that can be control the power flow in transmission line by injecting active and reactive in voltage components in series with the lines.The proposed methodologies are based on the use of line loading security Performance Index (sensitivity factors have been suggested in this paper for optimal placement of UPFC.This methods are computationally efficient PI sensitivity   factors have been obtained with respect to change in two of the UPFC parameters viz., magnitude and phase angle of the injected voltage in the lines. The proposed methodologies are tested validated for locating UPFC in IEEE 30-bus system.ACO based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formulation has been suggested to determine the optimal PI values, after placement of UPFC based on the proposed sensitivity factors. Both AC and DC power flow approximations have been used to define the sensitivity factors and their results have been compared on IEEE 30-bus system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.250
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 309-316
Publish at: 2012-04-30

On Line Stator Resistance Tuning of DTC Control CSI Fed IM Drives

https://ijpeds.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPEDS/article/view/4900
N. Panner selvam , M. Arul Prasanna , I. Gerald Christopher raj
Current source inverter (CSI) fed drives are employed in high power applications. The conventional CSI drives suffer from drawbacks such as harmonic resonance, unstable operation at low speed ranges, and torque pulsation. CSI fed drives with Direct Torque Control (DTC) has drawn the attention of the motor drives designers because its implementation requires no position sensor. Crucial to the success of this scheme is the estimation of electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkages using the measured stator voltages and currents. The estimation is dependent only on one machine parameter, stator resistance. The variation of the stator resistance, deteriorates the performance of the drive by introducing errors in the estimated flux linkage’s magnitude and its position and hence in the electromagnetic torque. Resistance change also skews the torque linearity thus making the motor drive a less than ideal torque amplifier. Parameter compensation using stator current phasor error has been proposed in literature. To obtain the stator current phasor error, the stator current reference is required which is not usually available in direct torque control schemes. An analytical derivation of the stator current phasor reference is derived systematically from the reference electromagnetic torque and flux linkages. The error between the stator current phasor reference and its measured value is a measure of the stator resistance variation from its set value. For the first time, it is demonstrated in this paper that DTC motor drive system can become unstable when the set value of the stator resistance in the controller is higher than the stator resistance in the machine. Hence parameter adaptation is not only important for torque linearity but also for stability of the system is shown in this paper.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v2i2.332
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 225-231
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2GHZ on Different Dielectric Constant for Pervasive Wireless Communication

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5342
Md. Maruf Ahamed , Kishore Bhowmik , Md. Shahidulla , Md. Shihabul Islam , Md. Abdur Rahman
In this Paper presents the result for different dielectric constant values and the result is performed by thickness of 2.88mm and resonance frequency of 2GHz where 2.32 (Duroid) are gives the best result. In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas   that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies.  This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna design on different dielectric constant and analyzed result of all dielectric constant between 1 to 10, when the proposed antenna designs on Duroid substrate with dielectric constant 2.32. At 2GHz the verify and tested result on MATLAB are Radiation Efficiency=91.99%, Directivity=5.4dBi, Directive gain=4.98dBi and Half Power Beam Width-H plane=99.6123 degrees.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.341
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 417-424
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Standardizing, Segmenting and Tenderizing Letters and Improving the Quality of Envelope Images to Extract Postal Addresses

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5336
Milad Shirmohammadi , Karim Faez , Hassan Khotanlou
In most mechanized postal systems, envelopes are scanned based on the postal standard using mechanical instruments. In the standard format, the image of envelopes lacks tilts, lines are along the horizontal axis and words are placed in a correct and non-oblique manner. In this article a new algorithm for rotating, segmentation and Tenderizing Letters for standardizing and increasing the quality of an envelope has been presented, which can be used in all text identification systems as three successful pre-processing algorithms. In the algorithm proposed, letters with any forms and tilts during scanning were rotated and standardized by applying a simple two-step algorithm based on what was written on the envelope without requiring the calculation of tilt angle. After standardization, the main regions of the image were specified using the histogram information. Then, in a simple algorithm, the candidate points from the pixels related to the text on the envelope were selected and quality improvement and tenderization were done on the main regions of the image. The advantaged of the proposed algorithm included No need for additional mechanical equipment, less calculation, simplicity and consideration of the structure of words on the envelope in all preprocessing phases.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.342
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 383-394
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Direct Power Control for AC/DC/ACConverters in Doubly Fed Induction Generators Based Wind Turbine

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5344
Abdelmalek Boulahia , Khalil NABTI , Hocine BENALLA
In this paper direct power control (DPC) strategy is applied to control a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy generation system. A three level NPC ac/dc/ac converter is controlled by direct power control method. The rotor side converter is controlled by a novelle switching table based a double active power hysteresis band method. The selects appropriates voltage vector based on the instantaneous errors between the reference and estimated values of active and reactive powers and rotor flux position. Also the grid side is controlled by direct power control based a grid voltage position to ensures a constant DC voltage, Simulation results on a demonstrate robust, precise, and fast dynamic behavior of system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.284 
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 425-436
Publish at: 2012-04-30

SEPIC Converter based-Drive for Unipolar BLDC Motor

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5383
Raghu Thumu , S. Chandra Sekhar , J. Srinivas Rao
Front-end single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) and a switch in series with each phase is proposed for driving a permanent magnet brushless dc (BLDC) motor with unipolar currents. All the switches are ground-referenced, which simplifies their gate drives. The available input voltage can be boosted for better current regulation, which is an advantage for low voltage applications. The SEPIC converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode for operation with an ac supply. In this operation mode, the line current follows the line voltage waveform to a certain extent. The reduction in low-order harmonics and improved power factor is achieved without the use of any voltage or current sensors. The simplicity and reduced parts count of the proposed topology make it an attractive low-cost choice for many variable speed drive applications. The proposed topology is simulated and verified by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.306
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 159-165
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Modeling of Power Generation using Municipal Solid Waste in India

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5388
Shrikant B Karajgi , Udaykumar R Yaragatti , Gopal D Kamalapur
Generation of Electrical Energy from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is acomplex process since the waste has to undergo various unit processes before it is put in to the process of energy production. The modeling of power generation from MSW, therefore has to include all these unit processes, waste flow paths etc. The modeling must also be capable of providing information on important issues like economical, environmental among many others. With the launching of new energy policy by Govt. of India, on liberalization of energy production, Independent power producers (IPP) are exploring Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as a main source of energy in addition to other renewable sources like fuel cells, solar, wind etc. for production of energy at affordable rates. In this paper, a mathematical model of the power generation using MSW is examined, keeping in view, the composition of waste in India. Linear equations have been developed for the various waste flow paths and the mass balance equations are then solved for the main objective function of minimum cost.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.270
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 197-202
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Noise and Vibration Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors –A Review

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5340
Lakshmikanth S , Natraj. K.R , Rekha. K.R
A detailed study of the mechanics of vibration and acoustic noise in permanent magnet synchronous motors due to electromagnetic origins. This paper reviews the various noise and vibrations reduction strategies from classical to state of art techniques. The recent research in development of wavelet controller, starting from brief review and the analytical analysis of acoustic noise and vibrations in Permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented. Application of wavelet transforms in the area of denoising and filtering is also explored.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.322
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 405-416
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Near Field Communication

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5334
Kevin Curran , Amanda Millar , Conor Mc Garvey
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that enables a device to communicate with another at a maximum distance of around 20cm or less. Currently, mobile phone manufacturers, banking institutions and mobile network providers are attempting to apply this technology to Smartphones and other handheld devices because of the opportunity to enable the consumer to use commercial services more easily. This paper discusses the expected increase in mobile payments using Near Field Communication, possible uses and the risks associated with carrying out transactions over a wireless network. We also discuss a real world implementation of an NFC based loyalty card system for retail.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.234
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 371-382
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Mammalian Cells

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5397
Md Kamal Hosain
The characteristics of mammalian cells can be influenced by electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The electromagnetic fields have a number of physiological effects on cells and tissues such as alteration of gene expression, cells viability, proliferation, apoptosis, number of mammospheres, cells cycle phase, and invasion. The existing literature proves that the impact of EMFs on mammalian cells depends on the density and uniformity of the field, frequency range, exposure time, cell types, culture environment, and culcuremedium. This paper presents a review of the impacts of EMFs on mammalian cells in vitro culture. In this article, we reviewed the contemporary understanding of the various form of electromagnetic radiation effect on cultured mammalian cells in vitro, EMF exposing systems, and internal field mechanism in the cells.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.269
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 267-276
Publish at: 2012-04-19

A Study on the Suitability of Genetic Algorithm for Adaptive Channel Equalization

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5315
Jafar Mohammed
Adaptive algorithms such as Least-Mean-Square (LMS) based channel equalizer aim to minimize the Intersymbol Interference (ISI) present in the transmission channel. However the adaptive algorithms suffer from long training time and undesirable local minima during training mode. These disadvantages of the adaptive algorithms for channel equalization have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive channel equalizer using Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is essentially a derivative free optimization tool. This algorithm is suitably used to update the weights of the equalizer. The performance of the proposed channel equalizer is evaluated in terms of mean square error (MSE) and convergence rate and is compared with its LMS and RLS counter parts. It is observed that the new adaptive equalizer based GA offer improved performance so far as the accuracy of reception is concerned.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.312
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 285-292
Publish at: 2012-04-19
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