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29,734 Article Results

Symmetrical Short Circuit Parameter Differences of Double Fed Induction Generator and Synchronous Generator Based Wind Turbine

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp268-277
Muhammad Shahzad Nazir , Qinghua Wu , Mengshi Li , Luliang Zhang
Considering the importance of perturbations during short circuit (SC) in power conversion devices, this study designed to find out the efficacy of symmetrical short circuit (SSC) of the synchronous generator (SG) and doubly fed induction generators (DFIG). Both wind power systems were separately built (Park’s model) and simulated. Simulation results showed that the DFIG is more efficient, fault tolerant, and proficient systems as compared to the SG based on the transient time, steady state, maximum current, and voltage dip values. This study can extend to design protection schemes, more accurate, stable and optimal proficient wind power conversion devices.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 268-277
Publish at: 2017-05-01

An Improved Photovoltaic Array Configuration for Photovoltaic System in the Presence of Maximum Power Point Tracking during Partial Shading Condition

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp301-309
K. Burhanudin , N.A. Kamarzaman , A.A.A. Samat , A.I. Tajudin , S.S. Ramli , N. Hidayat
Power-Voltage (P-V) curve and Current-Voltage (I-V) curve determine the performance of the PV system. In this work, the arrangements of the PV module were reconstructed by adding the number of PV module in 3 strings configuration from 5 to 45. This method enhance the performance of the PV system as it able to show the characteristic of the P-V and I-V curve during partial shading and maximum irradiance despite higher number of PV panel. This study focuses on improving the PV array configuration and simulation speed of the PV panel. The simulation of small size PV array is possible, but the problem lies when the number of string and PV module used increases. New PV array configuration is flexible and easy to add string and increase the number of PV module. PV array configuration was modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 301-309
Publish at: 2017-05-01

Symbiotic Organisms Search Technique for SVC Installation in Voltage Control

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp318-329
Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zamani , Ismail Musirin , Saiful Izwan Suliman
Increasing demand experienced by electric utilities in many parts of the world involving developing country is a normal phenomenon. This can be due to the urbanization process of a system network, which may lead to possible voltage decay at the receiving buses if no proper offline study is conducted. Unplanned load increment can push the system to operate closes to its instability point. Various compensation schemes have been popularly invented and proposed in power system operation and planning. This would require offline studies, prior to real system implementation. This paper presents the implementation of Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm for solving optimal static VAr compensator (SVC) installation problem in power transmission systems. In this study, SOS was employed to perform voltage control study in a transmission system under several scenarios via the SVC installation scheme. This realizes the feasibility of SOS applications in addressing the compensating scheme for the voltage control study. Minimum and maximum bound of the voltage at all buses have been considered as the inequality constraints as one of the aspects. A validation process conducted on IEEE 26-Bus RTS realizes the feasibility of SOS in performing compensation scheme without violating system stability. Results obtained from the optimization process demonstrated that the proposed SOS optimization algorithm has successfully reduced the total voltage deviation index and improve the voltage profile in the test system. Comparative studies have been performed with respect to the established evolutionary programming (EP) and artificial immune system (AIS) algorithms, resulting in good agreement and has demonstrated its superiority. Results from this study could be beneficial to the power system community in the planning and operation departments in terms of giving offline information prior to real system implementation of the corresponding power system utility.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 318-329
Publish at: 2017-05-01

Development of an Automated Three-Phase Distribution Box System

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp233-240
N M Nor , N S Zemri , S A Daud , T Ibrahim , H Daud
Most electrical appliances require continuous power supply. For domestic use, crucial appliances such as refrigerator, aquarium and alarm system highly depend upon the continuity of power supply. However, if they are left without electricity due to power outage or blackouts caused by internal or external disturbance, the discontinuity of power supply could be a critical issue to some involving party. Blackouts may be due to short circuit, fault or the overloading of electricity mains. During power outage, Residual Current Device (RCD) detects fault currents from live to the neutral wire within circuit and will trip to prevent shock. This circumstance can increase safety when a house is left unoccupied. Be that as it may, the power will remain switched off until manually reset by man. Thus, this paper presented a new concept of Three-Phase distribution box system in order to overcome tripping problem. This system will be able to identify and isolate the fault using measurement of current flow into each Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) of appliances and current flowing out from each of the load. The measured current value will be compared and the maximum allowable difference is 30mA. If the current difference exceeds the maximum limit then the fault MCB will be detected. Hence RCD will be automatically close the circuit after determining the fault location via the motor operation to make sure of power stability and evade any property loss.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 233-240
Publish at: 2017-05-01

The Correlation between Surface Tracking and Partial Discharge Characteristics on Pressboard Surface Immersed in MIDEL eN

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp631-640
Nur Amirah Othman , Hidayat Zainuddin , Aminuddin Aman , Sharin Abd Ghani , Imran Sutan Chairul
This paper presents the investigation of the surface tracking on pressboard surface immersed in MIDEL eN oil.  In this work, the development of surface discharge was analyzed by correlating the visual records of surface tracking on impregnated pressboard and the partial discharge (PD) activities.  The PD activities during the surface tracking process were analyzed in terms of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns.  Throughout the experiment, surface discharge is found as the development of tree-like patterns in the form of white marks occurring on the oil-pressboard interface.  This phenomenon is generally accepted as the drying out process that involves evaporation and decomposition of the oil molecules in the pressboard pores due to the surface discharge activities on the pressboard surface layer.  The development of surface discharge on the pressboard surface can continue from minutes to months or even years until failure.  Thus, condition monitoring system is important to characterize this type of faulty condition.  The experimental results show that there is the decreasing trend of PD magnitude during the development of white mark hallway of a gap distance which is eventually suffered from an unexpected fault.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 631-640
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Power Quality Enhancement in Grid Connected PV Systems using High Step Up DC-DC Converter

10.11591/.v7i2.pp720-728
V S Prasadarao K , K V Krishna Rao , P Bala Koteswara Rao , T. Abishai
Renewable energy sources (RES) are gaining more importance in the present scenario due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing power demand. Solar energy is the one of the most promising as it is clean and easily available source. The voltage obtained from the PV system is low. This voltage is increased by high step up dc-dc converter which uses only one switch leads to low switching losses and hence the efficiency of this converter is high. To get the good response this converter is operated in closed loop manner. Integration of PV system with existing grid has so many issues like distorted voltage, current and reactive power control etc. This paper presents a four leg inverter which works on hysteresis current control technique to address the power quality issues like reactive power compensation, balanced load currents and compensation of neutral current. The switching to the inverter is designed in such a way that it supplies the extra current to stabilise the current of the grid that is being supplied to the loads. Finally, the proposed technique is validated by using mat lab/Simulink software and corresponding results are presented in this paper.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 720-728
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Implementation of Algorithm for Vehicle Anti-Collision Alert System in FPGA

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp775-783
Aiman Zakwan Jidin , Lim Siau Li , Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin
Vehicle safety has becoming one of the important issues nowadays, due to the fact the number of road accidents, which cause injuries, deaths and also damages, keeps on increasing. One of the main factors which contribute to these accidents are human's lack of awareness and also carelessness. This paper presents the development and implementation of an algorithm to be utilized for vehicle anti-collision alert system, which may be useful to reduce the occurrence of accidents. This algorithm, which is to be deployed with the front sensors of the vehicle, is capable of alerting any occurrence of sudden slowing or static vehicles ahead, by sensing the rate of distance change. Furthermore, it also triggers an alert if the driver is breaching the safe distance from the vehicle ahead. This algorithm has been successfully implemented in Altera DE0 FPGA and its functionality was validated via hardware experimental tests.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 775-783
Publish at: 2017-04-01

p-Laplace Variational Image Inpainting Model Using Riesz Fractional Differential Filter

10.11591/.v7i2.pp850-857
Sridevi Gamini , S Srinivas Kumar
In this paper, p-Laplace variational image inpainting model with symmetric Riesz fractional differential filter is proposed. Variational inpainting models are very useful to restore many smaller damaged regions of an image. Integer order variational image inpainting models (especially second and fourth order) work well to complete the unknown regions. However, in the process of inpainting with these models, any of the unindented visual effects such as staircasing, speckle noise, edge blurring, or loss in contrast are introduced. Recently, fractional derivative operators were applied by researchers to restore the damaged regions of the image. Experimentation with these operators for variational image inpainting led to the conclusion that second order symmetric Riesz fractional differential operator not only completes the damaged regions effectively, but also reducing unintended effects. In this article, The filling process of damaged regions is based on the fractional central curvature term. The proposed model is compared with integer order variational models and also GrunwaldLetnikov fractional derivative based variational inpainting in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity and mutual information.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 850-857
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Improved Timing Estimation Using Iterative Normalization Technique for OFDM Systems

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp905-911
Suyoto Suyoto , Iskandar Iskandar , Sugihartono Sugihartono , Adit Kurniawan
Conventional timing estimation schemes based on autocorrelation experience performance degradation in the multipath channel environment with high delay spread. To overcome this problem, we proposed an improvement of the timing estimation for the OFDM system based on statistical change of symmetrical correlator. The new method uses iterative normalization technique to the correlator output before the detection based on statistical change of symmetric correlator is applied. Thus, it increases the detection probability and achieves better performance than previously published methods in the multipath environment. Computer simulation shows that our method is very robust in the fading multipath channel
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 905-911
Publish at: 2017-04-01

DARE Algorithm: A New Security Protocol by Integration of Different Cryptographic Techniques

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp1032-1041
John Mark Espalmado , Edwin Arboleda
Exchange of information between computer networks requires a secure communications channel to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, modification and denial of the computer network. To address this growing problem, security experts sought ways to advance the integrity of data transmission. Security Attacks compromises the security and hence hybrid cryptographic algorithms have been proposed to achieve safe service in the proper manner, such as user authentication and data confidentiality. Data security and authenticity are achieved using these algorithms. Moreover, to improve the strength and cover each algorithm’s weaknesses, a new security algorithm can be designed using the combination of different cryptographic techniques. This design uses Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) for authentic key generation, Data Encryption Standard (DES) for key scheduling, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest–Schamir–Adleman Algorithm (RSA) in encrypting data. This new security algorithm has been proposed for improved security and integrity by integration of these cryptographic techniques.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 1032-1041
Publish at: 2017-04-01

The Effect of Plasma-Treated Boron Nitride on Partial Discharge Characteristics of LDPE

10.11591/.v7i2.pp568-575
N.A Awang , M.H Ahmad , Y.Z. Arief , I.H. Zakaria , N.A. Ahmad
Power supply reliability is a key factor in a country economic stability. It is contributed by the reliable power distributor via transmission lines, overhead or underground cables. However, the power cables and accessories are always exposed to pre-breakdown phenomena known as partial discharges (PD) which commonly occur in microvoids, defects or protrusions inside the insulation. To improve the performance of the cable insulation against PD, nanofillers are added into the insulating materials. However, to achieve superior performance of PD resistance, the nanofillers must be homogeneously dispersed into the polymer matrices with tightly bonded interfacial zones. Therefore, this could be achieved by employing method of surface functionalization by using cold atmospheric plasma to strengthen the filler/polymer interfaces. In view of foregoing, this study investigated the effects of surface treated boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles in Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on the PD characteristics by following CIGRE Method II at 7 kVrms applied voltage. The phase resolved PD characteristics were performed. The results revealed that by treating the nanofillers with cold plasma, the PD resistance of LDPE were highly achieved compared with the untreated BN nanofillers.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 568-575
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Comparative Analysis of Time and Physical Redundancy Techniques for Fault Detection

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp66-71
Namita Arya , Amit Prakash Singh
The integration level in today’s world is continuously increasing in VLSI chips. VLSI circuit verification is a major challenge in these days. Integration capacity of VLSI circuits mimics the testing complexity of circuits. There is a significant chunk of the testing cost with respect to the whole fabrication prices. Hence it is important to cut down the verification cost. Time required during testing is a main factor for the cost of a chip. This time is directly proportional to the number of testing in the circuitry. So the test set should be very small. There is one way to generate a small test set is to compact a large test set parameters. The main drawback of the compaction results on the quality of the original test set. This aspect of compaction has motivated the work present here with some methods of fault detection and avoidance techniques via redundancy logic as Time redundancy and physical redundancy.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 66-71
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Design of Pervasive Discovery, Service and Control for Smart Home Appliances: An Integration of Raspberry Pi, UPnP Protocols and Xbee

10.11591/.v7i2.pp1012-1022
Sabriansyah Rizqika Akbar , Maystya Tri Handono , Achmad Basuki
Pervasive technology is an important feature in smart home appliances control. With pervasive technology, the user is able to discover and control every device and each service without initialization configuration and setup. Since single-board computer often used in smart home appliances, combining pervasive technology and microcomputer/single-board computer will be important to be applied and make a possibility to create a smart home system based on the requirement of it users that will be beneficial for the smart home users and the developers. This paper proposed a design of pervasive discovery, service, and control system for smart home appliances by integrating Raspberry Pi, UPnP protocols, and Xbee that able to control an RGB LED services such as switching, dimming, change color and read a temperature sensor as an example in smart home appliances. This paper enriched the raspberry Pi GPIO function to be able to control via TCP/IP network with UPnP protocol and receive information from a temperature sensor node via Xbee communication. Service control time is measured with UPnP round trip time by subtracting HTTP response arrival with HTTP request time. GPIO processing time measured at the application level by counting a timer that starts before GPIO process and ended after GPIO successfully executed.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 1012-1022
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Synthesis of Germanium Dioxide Microclusters on Silicon Substrate in Non-aqueous Solution by Electrochemical Deposition

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp193-199
Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin , Shahjahan Shahjahan , Abdul Manaf Hashim
We report the formation of crystalline germanium dioxide (GeO2) microclusters on n-Si (100) electrodeposited in non-aqueous electrolyte (a mixture of 5 vol.% germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4) and dipropylene glycol (C6H14O3) ) at current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 200 sec. Pt, C and Ge are used as an anode while Si acts as a cathode. Field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that the deposited GeO2 microclusters are having rounded-mushroom-shaped particles with the smallest size of 660 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra reveal that the particles are only composed of Ge and O elements. Raman spectra confirm the formation of crystalline GeO2 with trigonal bonding structures in all samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show two significant emission peaks in visible range at 2.27 eV and 2.96 eV, which seems to be attributed by GeO2 and Si defects. C6H14O3 seems to contribute to the formation of GeO2 due to its hygroscopic nature. Such microcluster structures shall provide some potential applications for electronic and optical devices on Si platform.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 193-199
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Layout Effects on High Frequency and Noise Parameters in MOSFETs

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp88-96
Asmaa Nur Aqilah Zainal Badri , Norlaili Mohd Noh , Shukri bin Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd , Asrulnizam Abd Manaf , Arjuna Marzuki , Mohd Tafir Mustaffa
This study reviews related studies on the impact of the layout dependent effects on high frequency and RF noise parameter performances, carried out over the past decade. It specifically focuses on the doughnut and multi- finger layouts. The doughnut style involves the polygonal and the 4- sided techniques, while the multi-finger involving the narrow-oxide diffusion (OD) and multi-OD. The polygonal versus 4-sided doughnut, and the narrow-OD with multi-fingers versus multi-OD with multi- fingers are reviewed in this study. The high frequency parameters, which are of concern in this study, are the cut- off frequency (fT) and the maximum frequency (fMAX), whereas the noise parameters involved are noise resistance (RN) and the minimum noise figure (NFmin). In addition, MOSFET parameters, which are affected by the layout style that in turn may contribute to the changes in these high frequency, and noise parameters are also detailed. Such parameters include transconductance (Gm); gate resistance (Rg); effective mobility (μeff); and parasitic capacitances (cgg and cgd). Investigation by others has revealed that the polygonal doughnut may have a larger total area in comparison with the 4- sided doughnut. It is also found by means of this review that the multi-finger layout style with narrow-OD and high number of fingers may have the best performance in fT and fMAX, owing partly to the improvement in Gm, μeff, cgg, cgd and low frequency noise (LFN). A multi-OD with a lower number of fingers may lead to a lower performance in fT due to a lower Gm. Upon comparing the doughnut and the multi-finger layout styles, the doughnuts appeared to perform better than a standard multi-finger layout for fT, fMAX, Gm and μeff but are poorer in terms of LFN. It can then be concluded that the narrow-OD multi-finger may cause the increase of cgg as the transistor becomes narrower, whereas a multi-OD multi-finger may have high Rg and therefore may lead to the increase of fT and fMAX as the transistor becomes narrower. Besides, the doughnut layout style has a higher Gm and fT, leading to larger μeff from the elimination of shallow trench isolation (STI) stress.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 88-96
Publish at: 2017-04-01
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