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28,188 Article Results

Developing Comprehensive Diabetes Education Materials for Structured Patient Education Programs in Primary Care Setting

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4758
Oryzati Hilman Agrimon , Jackie Street
Diabetes education is a key factor for a successful diabetes care. Comprehensive diabetes education materials for conducting structured diabetes education programs were rarely found in primary care setting in Indonesia. There was a need for developing new, comprehensive diabetes education materials for low-literate readers. Developing these education materials followed standard steps in developing print materials, and took account tips for writing low literacy materials for poor readers. The new diabetes education materials consisted of ten various leaflets, also printed as14 posters and 14 x-banners. The ten diabetes leaflets were pre-tested to 5 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). After minor revisions, the leaflets were printed and distributed to 88 people with T2D attending two structured diabetes education programs in Yogyakarta City. These 88 people were requested to evaluate the leaflets using an evaluation form consisting of four items on language usage, font size,  use of pictures, and diabetes information with a 1-10 rating scale; and an open-ended question for improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Most participants thought that the leaflets were easy to understand and read, interesting, and simple. Majority of participants (79.7%) gave favorable comments without providing suggestions for improvement, such as: “The diabetes leaflets are already good and easy to understand” One third of the participants gave suggestions for improvement. The comprehensive diabetes leaflets developed were well received and highly appreciated by people with T2D attending diabetes education programs.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 16-26
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Social Capital Capacity as Prediction of Dengue Control

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4772
Heru Subaris , Subiyanto Subiyanto , Drajat Tri Kartono , Eny Lestary
The program of elimination of mosquito breeding places is still low since there is no public participation effort in vector control. Social capital is key factor for sustaining any health programs implemented. This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of social capital impact on participation and environmental based dengue prevention programs. Study design was cross sectional. Population study was community around Bantul district. Sample was collected as 600 house hold devide on two categories endemic and potential areas. Data was collected with interviews and observation. Data were analyzed with person corelation, confirmatory analyzed and path way analyzed. There were significantly relationships between social capital and family perseption, disease perception, individual perception, environment perception and larva density p < 0,05. Relationship between perception of counselling and family perception, dengue programs and family perception p < 0,05, and the strongest factor is environment participation (r=0.296). Based on the path analysis for potential areas, social capital was effectively for increased larvae free index through family perception. Theoretically, model for social capital is more efficient in increasing the number of free larvae index through community environment participation. In potential areas, social capital is concluded to be more effectively increase of larva index through participation of individuals. In endemic areas, that dengue programs increase larva index more effectively, compared with social capital does. Strengthening of social capital is important because it effectively the coverage of larva index through environment participation both areas.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 111-117
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Microbial Analysis of Biomedical Wastes from Selected Health Facilities in Parts of Edo South and its Public Health Implication

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4763
Rachael Ngozi Osagie , Aidevbo Aibuovbo Eyaufe , Faith Ireye
This study, aimed at the microbial analysis of biomedical waste (BMW) was carried out using 100 samples of 10 different BMW collected in duplicates from 5 busy primary healthcare centers (PHCs).The research findings showed a high prevalence of E.coli (39%) and S.aureus (32%) which were both statistically significant at P≤0.05, while the least isolated organisms were K. pnuemoniae (10%) and B. subtilis (4%) and were statistically not significant at P≥0.05. Samples from dressings and beddings were found to contain the highest microbial loadof 25 and 13 respectively while the least number of isolates were from expired cytotoxic drugs (2) and lancets (1).The biochemical tests showed the presence of Gram positive and negative organisms with record of both aerobic and anaerobic isolates from the BMW. The investigation revealed that BMW contains mixed bacterial community with some being pathogenic and pose a public health hazard to both health workers and other community members, therefore adequate treatment measures should be given to all BMW before disposal.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 51-54
Publish at: 2016-03-01

The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Roselle (Hibiscuss sabdariffa L) on Increasing SOD Activity

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4773
Abdul Rahman W , Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Nanik Sulistyani
Free radicals were reactive species caused oxidation of lipids membrane and DNA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the primary antioxidants to inhibit free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of roselle calyx on SOD enzyme activity of the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats induced by 7.12-dimethylbenzen[a]anthracene (DMBA). The animals age of four weeks divided in to five groups, groups I were normal group. Group II is the negative control group only induced by DMBA 75 mg/kgBW; and group III ,IV , and V were treatment groups that treated by ethanolic extract of roselle calyx at dose of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kgBW/day for 7 days. After treatment with roselle, animals were induced by DMBA 75 mg/kgBW. On day 8 after DMBA induction, animals were fasted for 16 hours and blood was collected to measured SOD activity. Data were analyzed using One Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and LSD (P <0.05). The result showed the significancies on increasing of SOD activity at 10 mg/kgBW (50.87±1.98), 50 mg/kgBW (69.98±3.58) and 100 mg/kgBW (73.01±6.95) compared with DMBA (43.74±1.95) (p<0,05).
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 118-122
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Food Safety Knowledge and Practice among Community in Sg. Pelek, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4764
Nur Ain Mahat , Chong Kok Shi , Sabariah Abd Hamid
Food safety is a basic requirement of food quality. It is an increasingly important public health issue to prevent and control food borne illnesses. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine level of knowledge and practice on food safety, to determine the association between knowledge and practice, and also to identify the association between socio-demographic factors and practice score of the population studied. This study was conducted among adult population in Taman Bahagia, Sungai Pelek, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Data were collected using an interviewed structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling was performed to obtain houses, followed by simple random sampling to select sample in the house. A total of 115 data sets were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Analysis showed that 35% of respondents have poor level of knowledge on food safety, whereas 27% of the respondents have poor level of practices on food safety. Multiple linear regression revealed that there are a significant association between education level (p<0.001), Adj b=2.57 (95% CI: 1.15, 3.99) and gender (p=0.048), Adj b=1.15 (95% CI: 0.01, 2.29) with practice score on food safety. Therefore, health promotion and education on the importance of practicing food safety at home should be focused to prevent further unwanted health effects.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 55-59
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Using Email Communication to Increase Expatriate Parents’ Knowledge of the Human Papillomavirus

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4769
Melissa M. Baker , Ratana Somrongthong
Expatriates face a unique set of determinants to health which may influence their level of knowledge, perception of available preventative health care alternatives and their health seeking behaviors. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of an email communication intervention on expatriate parents’ level of knowledge of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Repeated measurement of knowledge was conducted pre- and post-intervention among parents who received the study intervention (group 1) and those who received standard care (group 2). Intervention effect was measured by any change in knowledge within and between groups. The group 1 had a significant rise in knowledge mean from baseline to first and then second follow-up (m = 0.57 (SD 0.39), m = 0.84 (SD 0.16) and m = 0.87 (SD 0.11), respectively). In addition, after receiving the intervention, group 1 felt they had sufficient information to make an informed decision of whether to vaccinate their child(ren), with a significant difference from baseline to first post test, (χ² (1) = 8.50, p < 0.05). Based on an increase in knowledge, the study’s email intervention proved effective mode to disseminating HPV-related information.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 94-100
Publish at: 2016-03-01

The Difference of Satisfaction Level in BPJS Health Insurance Patient and Non Insurance Patient toward Health Service

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4760
Arlina Dewi , Naufal Kurnia Ramadhan
National Health Insurance (JKN) developed in Indonesia is part of the National Social Insurance System (SJSN). One way to assess the services quality is to measure the patient satisfaction level. This research is a quantitative research with the cross sectional research design. The subjects of this research were the BPJS health insurance patients and non insurance patients with 200 people as the samples. The data was analyzed by the independent t-test, gap analysis, CSI (Customer satisfation index) and IPA (Importance performance analysis). The result showed that significant (ρ value >0,05) in all dimensions which mean that there is no difference of patient satisfaction level in Social Security Organizing Body (BPJS)  participants and non insurance patients toward health services in Negara General Hospital. The biggest satisfaction in non insurance patients is on the Assurance variable (-1,002) and the smallest satisfaction is on the Tangibles variable (-1,357) and the biggest satisfaction of BPJS health insurance patients is on Assurance variable (-1,085) and their smallest satisfaction is on Responsiveness variable (-1,367). The non insurance patients gap is (-0,217) and the BPJS health insurance patients gap is (-1,206), both of them were classified into low satisfaction level. The result of Importance performance analysis value of non insurance patient showed Responsiveness attributes that should be prioritized and improved while in BPJS health patients showed Responsiveness and Reliability attributes that should be prioritized and improved by Negara General Hospital.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 36-40
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Pareto Optimal Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Systems with Load Uncertainty and Recloser Placement Simultaneousely Using a Genetic Algorithm Based on NSGA-II

10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp419-430
Sina Khajeh Ahmad Attari , Mahmoud rReza Shakarami , Farhad Namdari
Reconfiguration, by exchanging the functional links between the elements of the system, represents one of the most important measures which can improve the operational performance of a distribution system. Besides, reclosers use to eliminate transient faults, faults isolation, network management and enhance reliability to reduce customer outages. For load uncertainty a new method based on probabilistic interval arithmetic approach is used to incorporate uncertainty in load demand that can forecast reasonably accurate operational conditions of radial system distribution (RDS) with better computational efficiency. In this paper, the optimization process is performed by considering power loss reduction along with reliability index as objective functions. Simulation results on radial 33 buses test system indicates that simultaneous optimization of these two issues has significant impact on system performance.
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Page: 419-430
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Association between Non-Cigarette/Smokeless Tobacco and Hypertension in the National Health Interview Survey: A Pseudo-Panel Analysis

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4765
Olawunmi Obisesan , Emmanuel Thompson , Adekunle Obisesan , Olubusayo Akinola , Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
This study sought to examine assumption between having ever used non-cigarette tobacco or smokeless tobacco, and a diagnosis of hypertension among a sample of 13, 086 United States adults participating in the National Health Interview Series from 2012-2014. A pseudo-panel analysis of data extracted from the Integrated Health Interview Series Survey was conducted. The generalized linear mixed model was used to quantify the effect of a history of non-cigarette tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and socio-demographic predictor variables on the response variable, a diagnosis of hypertension. The transformed data, based on the pseudo-panel technique, resulted in fifty-seven (57) birth cohorts and followed in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The mean age was 51.6 years (±12.4). The findings of this study revealed that the odds of hypertension diagnosis for non-cigarette tobacco users was 0.8846 times lower (95% CI: 0.7907, 0.9896) than non-users after adjusting for possible confounders such as age, language, education, income and years of smoking. Our study suggested that the association between the use of non-cigarette tobacco and the diagnosis of hypertension among the sample population is consistent enough to assume a less plausible association between the two variables.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 60-69
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Cardiac Rehabilitation on Health Behaviors and Clinical Outcomes Among Myocardial Infarction Patients

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4756
Yusshy Kurnia Herliani , Yaowarat Matchim , Charuwan Kritpracha
The lack of adherence to health behaviors in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the leading cause of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in Indonesia. This randomized control trial (RCT) study was conducted to examine the effect of a family based self-efficacy enhancing cardiac rehabilitation program on self-efficacy in cardiac health behaviors, health behaviors, and clinical outcomes among MI patients in Indonesia. Sixty MI patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized by the modified stratified-block method and assigned into either the control group or the experimental group. The patients in the experimental group received the program during phase I over two days and continued to phase II of CR with weekly follow-up sessions. Patients were asked to complete the Self-Efficacy in Cardiac Health Behaviors Scale (SECHBS) and the Modified Myocardial Infarction Health Behaviors Questionnaire (Modified MIHBQ). The results revealed that self-efficacy, health behaviors, and clinical outcomes such as fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and BMI of the patients after receiving the intervention were significantly better than before receiving the intervention, except for blood pressure, and HDL levels. Self-efficacy, health behaviors, and clinical outcomes such as total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride were significantly better in patients in the experimental group than those in the control group (p < .05), except for blood pressure, HDL, BMI, and blood glucose levels (p > .05). In conclusion, the family based self-efficacy enhancing cardiac rehabilitation program shows evidence of effectiveness in enhancing self-efficacy, health behaviors, and some clinical outcomes in MI patients.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 1-11
Publish at: 2016-03-01

The Correlation between Occupational Health with Job Performance at Woman Worker with Dual Role

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4770
Ariana Sumekar , Soebijanto Soebijanto , Hadi Sutarmanto
Work environment and workload factors in terms of occupational safety and health aspects may lead to health problems that have an impact on decreasing the ability of the workforce to work physically and debilitating mental acuity to think so will degrade performance. Performance degradation is also influenced by the presence of an unbalanced workload and work motivation. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between occupational health with a performance that is controlled by the workload and motivation of working in a dual role those women workers at PT. Mataram Tunggal Garment Yogyakarta.This study was conducted at PT. Mataram Tunggal Garment Yogyakarta with cross-sectional design. The samples in this study were 86 female workers were taken by simple random sampling. Uses data collected questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was performed with the Pearson product moment test, whereas the partial correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression with a significance of p < 0.05. The Results showed there was a significant relationship between occupational health with a performance that is controlled by the workload and work motivation. The motivation of working has the most effective contribution to performance. While the burden of households does not affect the performance of the woman worker with a double role in PT. Mataram Tunggal Garment Yogyakarta.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 101-105
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Tuberculosis Screening among Immigrant Plantation Workers in Sabah, Malaysia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4761
Maini Sabait , Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad , Mohamed Rusli Abdullah , Julia Omar
Tuberculosis (TB) among immigrants has substantial contribution to the TB epidemiology in Sabah. This study aimed to determine the yield of screening for TB disease among immigrant plantation workers in Sabah, Malaysia. This was a prospective cohort study involving 482 legal immigrant workers aged 18 years and above, consented and available at study sites during the study period. Workers with previous history of TB or currently on TB treatment were excluded from participation. Symptom based questionnaire was administered along with both chest radiograph and sputum samples collection for symptomatics participants. Out of 482 plantation workers creened, there was no case of active TB detected among the 44 (9.1%) symptomatics participants. Finding of low TB yield in this study was rather unexpected but this indicates the real challenges for the local health authority to come out with more cost effective screening programs, including reducing stigma, in active TB screening among migrant population.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 41-45
Publish at: 2016-03-01

Comparison Methods for Converting a Spindle Plant to Discrete System

10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp575-582
M. Khairudin
This study presents comparison methods in the conversion of a spindle plant in order to obtain an accurate discrete system when compared to a continuous system of spindle.  The accurate conversion results of the continuous system into discrete form are required for implementing the control system of spindle. Comparison methods that will be conducted to convert  the  continuous system of spindle plant into discrete system through zero-order hold (ZOH), first-order hold (FOH), impulse invariant dicretisation, tustin (bilinear), and pole-zero matching methods. The performances of each method in the conversion process have been presented. Conversion performances of continous spindle plant into discrete form using FOH method, showed more accurate compared to other methods. Performances of the conversion accuracy of FOH method have been evaluated in terms of transient responses analysis that closed similar results with a continuous system of spindle plant. At the closed similar transient responses for the discrete system using FOH method show the final value, time to peak, percertages overshoot and setlling time are 0.863 v, 0.910 s, 0 % and 0.550 s respectively.
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Page: 575-582
Publish at: 2016-03-01

An Encyclopedia Coverage of Compiler’s, Programmer’s & Simulator’s for 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM, Arduino Embedded Technologies

10.11591/ijres.v5.i1.pp18-41
Anand Nayyar
In today’s world, everything from small needle to airplane engineering is surrounded by embedded systems. Embedded System technology not only lays foundation for development but is also acting as Backbone for mankind in almost in every area of science, engineering, research and daily living. The world of embedded systems is mainly surrounded by: Microcontrollers and Microprocessor’s. To work in the area of Embedded Systems design and development is both interesting and challenging- Interesting in the sense, as everything is getting intelligent, advanced and feature rich day by day and the embedded system’s field is progressing by leaps and bounds. But challenging in the way, that resources are very limited in terms of design and implementation. The most important crucial challenges nowadays in front of embedded system engineers are- Which programmer to Use? Which compiler to use for source code development? Which simulator to use to simulate the overall behavior of system? As every compiler, programmer and simulator has distinct features, so selecting the best one as per one’s requirement has always remained a challenge. The main aim of this research paper is to overcome that difficulty by providing the researchers and embedded system engineers an encyclopedic platform of compilers, programmers and simulators for all sorts of embedded system technologies like 8051, PIC, ARM, AVR and Arduino so that choosing of the best platform in terms of compiler, programmer and simulator can become easy and time saving for everyone working in this area.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 18-41
Publish at: 2016-03-01

GSM Based Generator Monitoring System for Steel Melting Shop

10.11591/ijres.v5.i1.pp42-48
S. Boopathi , M. Jagadeeshraja , L. Manivannan
Steel making processes are highly energy intensive and comprised of many complex unit operations. Iron ore and coal need preprocessing before feeding into a reactor, and molten metal from different reactors needs to be carefully drawn into a solid metal and then rolled into sheets. Each of these operations has a stake in the quality of steel produced, and needs constant monitoring and need continuous power supply for fabrication. If a power failure occurs the production will be stopped, time delay increases for finishing fabrication. In some cases we can loss consumer due to unsatisfactory. My Project focuses the detection of power failure and takes reflex action to solve the problem with help of modem communication using GSM. The power failure will be intimated to the Microcontroller it drive the GSM modem to send a text message to the concern person mobile number which was already programmed in Microcontroller and also monitoring the parameter are temperature, oil level, fuel level and when they exceed predefined limits an automatically intimated to authorized person and also This system can be designed to send SMS alerts whenever the Circuit Breaker (Relay) trips and simulation result done by using LabVIEW software.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page: 42-48
Publish at: 2016-03-01
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