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29,082 Article Results

Improved Canny Edges Using Cellular Based Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Tamil Sign Digital Images

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2158-2166
M Krishnaveni , P Subashini , TT Dhivyaprabha
The development of computer based sign language recognition system, for enabling communication with hearing impaired people, is an important research area that faces different challenges in the pre-processing stage of image processing, particularly in boundary detection stage. In edge detection, the possibility of achieving high quality images significantly depends on the fitting threshold values, which are generally selected using canny method, and these threshold values may vary, based on the type of images and the applications chosen. This research work presents a novel idea of establishing a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is a combination of PSO with the behavioural pattern of cellular organism in canny method, that defines an objective to find optimal threshold values for the implementation of double thresholding hysteresis method, which is viewed as a non-linear complex problem. The attempt to incorporate the model has minimized the problem of quick convergence of PSO algorithm which has improved the detection of broken edges. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is proved through the experimental observation, done in Tamil sign images to indicate the better performance of canny operator by introducing new variant based PSO.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2158-2166
Publish at: 2016-10-01

PAPR Reduction for Improved Efficiency of OFDM Modulation for Next Generation Communication Systems

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2310-2321
Shatrughna Prasad Yadav , Subhash Chandra Bera
Highly linear power amplifiers are required for transferring   large amount of data for future communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides high data rate transmission capability with robustness to radio channel impairments. It has been widely accepted for future communication for different services. But, it suffers from high value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High value of PAPR drives high power amplifier into its saturation region and causes it to operate in the nonlinear region.  In this paper, comparative study of four different PAPR reduction techniques: clipping and filtering (CF), selective mapping  method (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS) and DFT- spread technique  have been done. Mathematical modeling and Matlab simulations have been performed to arrive at the results with 4 QAM modulation format and 1024 number of sub carriers. At 0.01 % of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) significant reduction of 11.3, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.0 dB have been obtained with DFT- spread, SLM, PTS and CF techniques respectively.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2310-2321
Publish at: 2016-10-01

A New Phase Current Profiling with FLC f or Torque Optimization of 12/8 SRM

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp1948-1955
Sihem Saidani , Mohamed Radhouan Hachicha , Moez Ghariani
The switched reluctance machine against its several merits such as simplicity, robustness, less cost manufacturing and large speed still suffers from its undesirable torque ripple and acoustic noise. Compared to different candidates of hybrid and electric vehicle engine, the frequency of use of SRM in traction drives is improved with the different optimizing torque oscillation solutions. Most of studies used the generic or specific model of switched reluctance machine in the Simulink library (6/4,8/6 and 10/8). Despite, a new non linear model simply implemented in Simulink tool usinga static finite element analysis a previous study is used in this work. Hence, a 12/8 non linear SRM drive system is simulated using MATLAB toolbox tested with an intelligent controller (FLC) in order to minimize the torque ripple of an oriented starter –alternator application of a hybrid vehicle.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 1948-1955
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Monitoring of Landslides in Mountainous Regions based on FEM Modelling and Rain Gauge Measurements

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2106-2113
Quoc-Anh Gian , Dinh-Chinh Nguyen , Duc-Nghia Tran , Duc-Tan Tran
Vietnam is a country heavily influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change leads to a series of dangerous phenomena, such as landslides. Landslides occur not only in the mountainous province, but also in Delta provinces, where hundreds of landslides are reported annually in the North-Western provinces of Vietnam. These events have catastrophic impact to the community as well as the economy. In mountainous areas, the conditions for landslides to occur are met frequently, especially after heavy rains or geological activity, causing harm to the community as well as damaging or destroying much needed infrastructure and key transport routes. However, in Vietnam, investment in mountainous regions has been often lower than in urban areas. The meteorology monitoring and forecasting systems are ill equipped and overloaded, so they cannot deliver earlier and more accurate forecasts for complex weather events, unable to provide timely warnings. It can be seen that in countries that landslide often occur, researchers have been trying to develop low cost and efficient landslide detection system. This paper precisely addressed the problems mentioned, by designing and implementing an efficient and reliable Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning (LMnE) system based on the 3G/2G mobile communication system, and a rain gauge at the field site along with a carefully FEM (finite element method) simulation using the rain density information on the server. The system uses advanced processing algorithms combining obtained data at the central station.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2106-2113
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Hover Position of Quadrotor Based on PD-like Fuzzy Linear Programming

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2251-2261
Iswanto Iswanto , Oyas Wahyunggoro , Adha Imam Cahyadi
The purpose of this paper is to present the altitude control algorithm for quadrotor to be able to fly at a particular altitude. Several previous researchers have conducted studies on quadrotor altitude by using PID control but there are problems in the overshoot and oscillation. To optimize the control, tunning on PID algorithm must be first conducted to determine proportional and derivative constants. Hence, the paper presents altitude control modification by using PID-like fuzzy without tuning. The PID algorithm is a control algorithm for linear systems. While, system to be controlled is a non-linear, so that linearization is needed by using equilibrium. The proposed algorithm is a modification of the PID algorithm used as an altitude control which enables quadrotor to be stable when hovering. The algorithm used is not PID algorithm with tuning using fuzzy, but this is a single input single output (SISO) control PID-like fuzzy linear programming. The result of the research shows that quadrotor can hover in a rapid raise time, steady state and settling time without performing overshoot and oscillation.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2251-2261
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Trust-Based Privacy for Internet of Things

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2396-2402
Vera Suryani , Selo Sulistyo , Widyawan Widyawan
Internet of Things or widely known as IOT makes smart objects become active participants in the communication process between objects and their environment. IoT services that utilize Internet connection require solutions to a new problem: security and privacy. Smart objects and machine-to-machine communications in IOT now become interesting research, including that related to security. Privacy, which is a safe condition in which object is free from interference from other objects, is one of the important aspects in IOT. Privacy can be implemented using various ways for examples by applying encryption algorithms, restrictions on access to data or users, as well as implementing rules or specific policy. Trustable object selection is one technique to improve privacy. The process of selecting a trustable object can be done based on past activities or trust history of the object, also by applying a threshold value to determine whether an object is "trusted" or not. Some researchers have studied this approach. In this study, the selection processes of trustable objects are calculated using Modified Ant Colony algorithm. The simulation was performed and resulted in declining graphic trend but stabilized in certain trust value.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2396-2402
Publish at: 2016-10-01

EETA: An Energy Efficient Transmission Alignment for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2345-2351
Sangsoon Lim , Hayoung Oh
Energy conserving MAC protocols performing adaptive duty-cycling mechanism have been widely studied to improve the energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In particular, several asynchronous Low Power Listening (LPL) MAC protocols such as B-MAC, X-MAC and ContikiMAC transmit a long preamble or consecutive data packets for an efficient rendezvous between senders and receivers. However, the rendezvous results in the challenging problem of unnecessary channel utilization since the senders occupy a large portion of the medium. Furthermore, when a traffic generation time overlaps with other neighbouring nodes, they frequently encounter spatially-correlated contention incurring excessive channel contention. In this paper, we propose a novel traffic distribution scheme called an Energy Efficient Transmission Alignment (EETA), that shifts a traffic generation time of the application layer. By using a MAC layer feedback including contention information, the cross-layer framework determines whether the node delays its transmission or not. EETA is robust from the heavy contending environment due to its traffic distribution feature. We evaluate the performance of EETA through diverse experiments on the TelosB platform. The results show that EETA improves the overall energy efficiency by up to 35%, and reduces the latency by up to 48% compared to the existing scheme.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2345-2351
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Emotional Facial Expression Based On Action Units and Facial Muscle

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2478-2487
Ahmad Hoirul Basori , Hani Moaiteq Abdullah AlJahdali
The virtual human play vital roles in virtual reality and game. The process of Enriching the virtual human through their expression is one of the aspect that most researcher studied and improved. This study aims to demonstrate the combination of facial action units (FACS) and facial muscle to produce a realistic facial expression. The result of experiment succeed on producing particular expression such as anger, happy, sad which are able to convey the emotional state of the virtual human. This achievement is believed to bring full mental immersion towards virtual human and audience. The future works will able to generate a complex virtual human expression that combine physical factos such as wrinkle, fluid dynamics for tears or sweating.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2478-2487
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Power-Flow Development Based on the Modified Backward-Forward for Voltage Profile Improvement of Distribution System

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2005-2014
Suyanto Suyanto , Citra Rahmadhani , Ontoseno Penangsang , Adi Soeprijanto
Unbalanced three-phase radial distribution system has a complex problem in power system. It has many branches and it is sometimes voltage profile’s not stable at every end branches. For improvement of voltage profile, it can be performed by penetrating of a distributed generation models. Information of voltage profile can be gained by study of power flow.  The Modified Backward-Forward is one of the most widely used methods of development of power flow and has been extensively used for voltage profile analysis. In this paper, a study of power flow based on the Modified Backward-Forward method was used to capture the complexities of unbalanced three phase radial distribution system in the 20 kV distribution network in North Surabaya city, East Java, Indonesia within considering distributed generation models. In summary, for the informants in this study, the Modified Backward-Forward method has had quickly convergence and it’s just needed 3 to 5 iteration of power flow simulation which’s compared to other power flow development methods. Distributed Generation models in the modified the modified 34 BUS IEEE system and 20 kV distribution network has gained voltage profile value on limited range. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this development is that the Modified Backward-Forward method has average of error voltage about 0.0017 % to 0.1749%.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2005-2014
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Adaptive Speech Compression Based on Discrete Wave Atoms Transform

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2150-2157
Bousselmi Souha , Aloui Nouredine , Cherif Adnane
This paper proposes a new adaptive speech compression system based on discrete wave atoms transform. First, the signal is decomposed on wave atoms, then wave atom coefficients are truncated using a new adaptive thresholding which depends on the SNR estimation. The thresholded coefficients are quantized using Max Lloyd scalar quantizer. Besides, they are encoded using zero run length encoding followed by Huffman coding. Numerous simulations are performed to prove the robustness of our approach. The results of current work are compared with wavelet based compression by using objective criteria, namely CR, SNR, PSNR and NRMSE. This study shows that the wave atoms transform is more appropriate than wavelets transform since it offers a higher compression ratio and a better speech quality.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2150-2157
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Single Perceptron Model for Smart Beam forming in Array Antennas

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2300-2309
K.S. Senthilkumar , K. Pirapaharan , P.R.P Hoole , R.R.H Hoole
In this paper, a single neuron neural network beamformer is proposed. A perceptron model is designed to optimize the complex weights of a dipole array antenna to steer the beam to desired directions. The objective is to reduce the complexity by using a single neuron neural network and utilize it for adaptive beamforming in array antennas. The selection of nonlinear activation function plays the pivotal role in optimization depends on whether the weights are real or complex. We have appropriately proposed two types of activation functions for respective real and complex weight values.   The optimized radiation patterns obtained from the single neuron neural network are compared with the respective optimized radiation patterns from the traditional Least Mean Square (LMS) method. Matlab is used to optimize the weights in neural network and LMS method as well as display the radiation patterns.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2300-2309
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Insight on Effectiveness of Frequently Exercised PQ Classification Techniques

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2437-2446
BDevi Vighneshwari , R. Neela
The growing demands of global consumer market in green energy system have opened the doors for many technologies as well as various sophisticated electrical devices for both commercial and domestic usage. However, with the increasing demands of energy and better quality of services, there is a significant increase in non-linearity in load distribution causing potential effect on the Power Quality (PQ). The harmful effects on PQ are various events e.g. sag, swell, harmonics etc that causes significant amount of system degradation. Therefore, this paper discusses various significant research techniques pertaining to the PQ disturbance classification system introduced by the authors in the past and analyzes its effectiveness scale in terms of research gap. The paper discusses some of the frequently exercised PQ classification techniques from the most relevant literatures in order to have more insights of the techniques.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2437-2446
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Optimization of Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Image Watermarking by Genetics Algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i1.pp91-103
Iwan Iwut , Gelar Budiman , Ledya Novamizanti
data in an image file is needed by its owner to set his ownership in a logo as a watermark embedded in the image file. Hiding the logo in the image was done in several methods. One of the method is domain transform using 2D-DCT in which data is embedded in  frequency domain of the image. First, the host RGB image is converted to certain color space. The available and chosen color spaces are RGB, YCbCr or NTSC. The layer in which the watermark is embedded also can be selected. The available choices are 1st layer, 2nd layer, 3rd layer, 1st & 2nd layer, 2nd & 3rd  layer, 1st & 3rd layer and all layers.  After the selected layer of image in certain color space is transformed in block based to frequency domain by DCT, one bit watermark is embedded on the AC coefficient of each block such a way that the bit is represented by specific value called delta in a zigzag and vary length of pixel. The vary parameters optimized by Genetics Algorithm are  selected color space, selected layer, block size, length of pixel to be embedded by one bit watermark, and delta. Bit “1” is represented by +delta, and bit “0” is represented by –delta in vary length of pixel after zigzag. The simulation result performs that GA is useful to search the value of parameter that produces controllable the combination between robustness, invisibility and capacity. Thus, GA improves the  method by determining the exact value of parameter achieving BER, PSNR and payload.  
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page: 91-103
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Investigation and Analysis of Space Vector Modulation with Matrix Converter Determined Based on Fuzzy C-Means Tuned Modulation Indexs

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp1939-1947
Ch. Amarendra , K. Harinadh Reddy
Matrix converter performs energy conversion by directly connecting input phases with output phases through bidirectional switches. Conventional power converters make use of bulky reactive elements which are subjected to ageing, reduce the system reliability. The matrix converter (MC) stands as an alternative to conventional power converter. Furthermore MC’s provide bidirectional power flow nearly sinusoidal input and sinusoidal output waveform and controllable input power factor. In this work, three modulation methods have been simulated using MATLAB and compared on the basis of input current harmonics, output voltage harmonics and number of switching per cycle.  The three techniques simulated are, Optimal Venturini method, Direct Space Vector Modulation (DSVM) and Indirect Space Vector Modulation (ISVM) on Conventional Matrix Converter (CMC) and obtained form Fuzzy c-Means (FCM).  DSVM with FCM is proposed for obtainting best results compared to other three techniques.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 1939-1947
Publish at: 2016-10-01

Sliding-Mode Controller Based on Fractional Order Calculus for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2239-2250
Noureddine Bouarroudj , Djamel Boukhetala , Fares Boudjema
This  paper  presents  a  new  approach  of  fractional  order  sliding  mode controllers  (FOSMC)  for  a  class  of  nonlinear  systems  which  have  a  single input and two outputs (SITO). Firstly, two fractional order sliding surfaces S1 and S2 were proposed with an intermediate variable z transferred from S2 to S1 in order to hierarchy the two sliding surfaces. Secondly, a control law was determined  in  order  to  control  the  two  outputs.  A  sliding  control  stability condition  was  obtained  by  using  the  properties  of  the  fractional  order calculus.  Finally,  the  effectiveness  and  robustness  of  the  proposed  approach  were demonstrated by comparing its performance with the one of the conventional sliding mode controller (SMC), which is based on integer order derivatives. Simulation results were provided for the cases of controlling a ball-beam and inverted pendulum systems.
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page: 2239-2250
Publish at: 2016-10-01
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